User Participation In Design Research Articles

미래학교 사전기획 보고서에 반영된 학교안전요소분석에 관한 연구

The Green Smart Future School project, launched in 2021, aims to ensure structural stability and enhance educational functionalities in school buildings over 40 years old. The Ministry of Education has established a pre-planning system required before the design competition phase, which includes stages of current state analysis, educational planning, and user participatory design. This study aimed to propose directions for improving pre-planning to create safer schools by categorizing and analyzing the frequency and key considerations within the area of school safety. It was possible to identify necessary improvements related to safety considerations, including step-by-step safety considerations in pre-planning reports, features of safety discussions by school level, and the main issues in the five areas of school safety. The analysis revealed that the evaluations in pre-planning reports, which aim to anticipate and prepare for safety-related issues, were generally insufficient. In particular, the initial safety evaluations that take into account age-specific characteristics during the current state analysis stage were found to be lacking. Additionally, it was suggested that the decision-making process on the type of project should include assessments of both structural safety and overall school safety, necessitating more detailed evaluations and enhanced efforts towards improving safety.

A Comprehensive Study on User-Centric Smart Life Solutions: Integrating Mobile Integrated Technology and Big Data Analytics for Digitalized Smart City Environments

Digitalized smart cities employ user-centric smart living solutions to study how big data analytics and mobile integrated technology (MIT) affect user satisfaction, technology adoption, and quality of life. To show how smart city residents may benefit from this technology. The quantitative technique used surveys, feedback, and sentiment analysis. These methodologies revealed MIT and big data analytics' influence. Research: smart city services should be user-centered. Research suggests big data analytics enhance urban living. With big data, smart cities manage resources, transportation, sustainability, and more. Furthermore, big data analytics-enabled data-driven decision-making continuously raises user satisfaction and rates of technology adoption. In tackling urban issues such as healthcare accessibility and traffic congestion, MIT solutions prove to be effective tools that also foster economic growth in smart cities. The financial gains underscore MIT's capacity to promote prosperity in digitally advanced smart city settings. Moreover, the study advances user-centered design theories, technology adoption, and urban planning. It supports accepted theories and emphasizes the importance of user participation in design, technology acceptance, and the financial benefits of smart city technology. The study's results provide empirical support for the claim that combining big data analytics with MIT greatly enhances user enjoyment, adoption of new technologies, and the general quality of life in digitalized smart cities. Urban planners, legislators, and technology developers can benefit greatly from the theoretical and practical implications presented, encouraging the creation of user-centric smart life solutions in the rapidly changing field of smart cities.

Research on emergency medical care system in public health events based on Kano model

In recent years, the frequency and impact of disease outbreaks in public health events have become increasingly prominent, and the effectiveness of the medical care system has become a key factor in meeting the challenges. Based on the Kano model, this paper aims to study the demand and expectation of the users of the emergency medical care system in public health events. Through the analysis of the user satisfaction and importance evaluation, this study deeply understands the users demand for the system, and puts forward the guidance of improvement and optimization. The findings are summarized as follows: the Kano model is a valuable tool, but its limitations and challenges need to be taken into account; future research can combine big data and artificial intelligence technologies, taking into account psychosocial factors, the introduction of user participatory design and interdisciplinary collaborative research to enhance user experience and satisfaction. This study provides a scientific basis for the improvement and optimization of emergency medical care system in public health events, and has important practical significance.

사용자 참여디자인을 적용한 학생 자치활동 공간구성 연구 : 농촌지역 소규모 중학교의 유휴공간 사례를 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to formulate a basic plan for an autonomous student activity space utilizing the idle space of a small middle school in a rural area. User participatory design, consisting of the stages of preparation, investigation of the current status, idea deduction, idea specification, opinion adjustments, and suggestion of a basic plan, was employed for this study. The results of the study were as follows. First, the target space was planned for student leisure, small group interaction, extracurricular and club activities, career experience, and community connection. The limited interior space was connected to an empty outdoor lot. It would be useful for performing projects or simply relaxing outside during free time and after lunch and school. Second, the target space met the design criteria, i.e. openness and variability, connection and continuity, collaboration and interaction, diversity, and playability. Students of different learning types were addressed by preparing individual and small group space and duplex and platform space. Third, various user participatory design methods were employed, including questionnaires, insight tours, keyword mapping, idea sketches, modeling, writing a diary, and sharing outcomes and feedback. Opinion adjustment at the meeting with school officials was helpful, as was the workshop, to compensate for missing class planning parts. Future projects and research could include parents and local residents as users to establish the role of schools in the local community.

A Technology-Supported Guidance Model to Increase the Flexibility, Quality, and Efficiency of Nursing Education in Clinical Practice in Norway: Development Study of the TOPP-N Application Prototype

The challenges of nursing shortage in the nursing profession and of limited nursing educational capacity in nursing education in clinical practice need to be addressed to ensure supply according to the demand of these professionals. In addition, communication problems among nursing students, nurse educators, and nurse preceptors; variations in the guidance competence of nurse preceptors; and limited overview from nurse educators on nursing students' clinical practice are common challenges reported in several research studies. These challenges affect the quality of nursing education in clinical practice, and even though these problems have been highlighted for several years, a recent study showed that these problems are increasing. Thus, an approach is required to ensure the quality of nursing education in clinical practice. We aimed to develop a guidance and assessment application to meet the challenges reported in clinical practice. The application intended to increase the flexibility, quality, and efficiency of nursing education in clinical practice. Furthermore, it intended to increase interactive communication that supports guidance and ensure structured evaluation of nursing students in clinical practice. This study employed a multidisciplinary user-participatory design. Overall, 23 stakeholders from the project team (ie, 5 researchers, 2 software developers, 1 pedagogical advisor, and 15 user representatives [4 educators, 6 preceptors, and 5 students]) participated in a user-centered development process that included workshops, intervention content development, and prototype testing. This study resulted in the creation of the Technology-Optimized Practice Process in Nursing (TOPP-N) guidance and assessment application for use as a supportive tool for nursing students, nurse preceptors, and nurse educators in clinical practice. The development process included the application's name and logo, technical architecture, guidance and assessment module, and security and privacy. This study offers insights into the development of an evidence-based technological tool to support nursing students, nurse preceptors, and nurse educators in clinical practice. Furthermore, the developed application has the potential to meet several challenges reported in nursing education in clinical practice. After a rigorous development process, we believe that the TOPP-N guidance and assessment application prototype is now ready to be tested in further intervention studies.

User-Participatory Design of Green Smart Future Schools Using a Design Thinking Process and Big Data Analysis Technique

Purpose: The Ministry of Education announced ‘Green Smart Future School’ in 2021, which is a representative project of the Korean New Deal. It was selected as a priority from the ‘School Space Innovation Project’ by the Ministry of Education in 2019. It is based on continuing the basic principle of a ‘Student-Centered User-Participatory Design’. However, the lack of a design process centered on the facilitators, who are the key participants in the design, as well as the distinct clustering of design toolkits has led to repeated design workshops. In addition, it is impossible to determine the relevance in the opinions and results presented by the many participants, thus school space user (Students, Parents, Teachers) rely solely on the facilitators. Method: For this study, the ‘Design Toolkit’ and ‘Service Design Thinking’ decision-making tools were clustered. Further, ‘Text Mining’ and ‘Word Cloud’ were used for big data analysis using the Python software. Finally, this design process and data analysis methodology were performed after selecting actual participating design schools. Result: Significant results were obtained when collectively considering the agreement between the proposed construction images, derived opinions, and satisfaction.

Mining longitudinal user sessions with deep learning to extend the boundary of consumer priming

Priming is challenging when consumers start shortlisting products before the final purchase. This is because this shortlisting process is performed in multiple user sessions online across time, the shortlist does not stay as a static list, and product comparison in this stage uses the heuristics internal to individual consumers. The goal of this study is two folds: (1) to approximate user heuristics after B&B product shortlisting using NLP and deep learning techniques, and (2) to identify optimized deep learning models for the representation of key elements of consumer heuristics. This offers an extension of the priming theory into product comparison and shortlisting stages that were traditionally difficult for marketers to tap into. By analyzing the B&B product information repeated visited in user sessions, the formation of shortlists is identified and products in the shortlists can then be compared. Subsequent priming and promotions can therefore be performed closer to the actual purchase. Our study also provides marketers keywords and their associated activated words relevant for crafting marketing messages. As these activation words are extracted from the B&B sites and product reviews that the users had visited repeatedly in long-term tracking sessions, they are analogous to effects produced from user participatory design, an approach popular in the IT world. Our work shows that opportunities for marketing decision support, especially into the shortlisting phase, are now possible through machine learning techniques. Both theoretical and practical implications are provided.

User Participatory Design of a Wearable Focal Vibration Device for Home-Based Stroke Rehabilitation.

Stroke often leads to the significant impairment of upper limb function and is associated with a decreased quality of life. Despite study results from several interventions for muscle activation and motor coordination, wide-scale adoption remains largely elusive due to under-doses and low user compliance and participation. Recent studies have shown that focal vibration has a greater potential to increase and coordinate muscle recruitment and build muscle strength and endurance. This form of treatment could widely benefit stroke survivors and therapists. Thus, this study aimed to design and develop a novel wearable focal vibration device for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke survivors. A user participatory design approach was used for the design and development. Five stroke survivors, three physical therapists, and two occupational therapists were recruited and participated. This pilot study may help to develop a novel sustainable wearable system providing vibration-based muscle activation for upper limb function rehabilitation. It may allow users to apply the prescribed vibratory stimuli in-home and/or in community settings. It may also allow therapists to monitor treatment usage and user performance and adjust the treatment doses based on progression.

Value positions in the implementation of automated decision-making in social assistance

ABSTRACT Automated decision-making (ADM) has been introduced into the public sector in many countries, including for decisions made regarding the provision of economic support to people in need. This article analyses the value positions (the ‘desired intentions’) for using ADM to determine such decisions in four Swedish municipalities. The value positions related to efficiency of the application process, its result and the improved service that ensues, including more time for helping people to become self-supporting. The core issue of helping people in need and the mundanisation of activities when discussed as ‘services’ is of paramount importance. Meanwhile, the value position of professionalism relates to providing well-designed technology to preserve the quality of decisions. The results also showed differences between municipalities regarding aspects of professionalism that influence the (digital and otherwise) discretion of caseworkers: user participation in design, length of experiences and so on. Divergences between instances of value positions were detected, such as the need to increase the use of information and communications technology as a part of service values, whereas a lack of trust in citizens may exist among caseworkers. Through the framework of value positions, this article contributes to the discourse on the use of theory in social work research.

Using Linkography and Situated FBS Co-Design Model to Explore User Participatory Conceptual Design Process

To unravel the complex challenges addressed by product innovation, it is oftentimes essential for users to participate in the design process. However, there is a paucity of research in terms of in-depth exploration of the cognitive patterns and dynamic design processes of co-design with user participation in the existing design cognition research. The current study aimed to investigate the cognition activities involved in the process of co-design between user and designer at both the individual and team levels. The combination method of linkography and the situated function–behavior–structure (FBS) co-design model was carried out to encode and analyze the protocol data. The results showed that, at the individual level, designers and users adopted different design strategies to promote the progress of the design. In addition, the interaction activities among users and designers varied in different co-design processes. However, at the team level, the collaborators showed systematic thinking modes, and each design move was two-way. This cognitive strategy of the innovation team ensured the continuity and effectiveness of the co-design process. Theoretically, these findings will bring new insights for studies on team cognition activities and contribute to building user-centric design theory by uncovering the dynamic design processes of co-design with user participatory. In addition, the study makes a methodological contribution by illustrating how linkography and the situated FBS co-design model can be utilized to analyze the team cognition during co-design activities.

Known in the nursing home: development and evaluation of a digital person-centered artistic photo-activity intervention to promote social interaction between residents with dementia, and their formal and informal carers

BackgroundTo address the lack of social interaction and meaningful activities for persons with dementia (PWD) in nursing homes an artistic Photo-Activity was designed. The present study aims to develop a digital version of the Photo-Activity and to investigate its implementation and impact on nursing home residents with advanced dementia, and their (in)formal carers.MethodsFirst, within a user-participatory design, a digital-app version of the Photo-Activity will be developed and pilot-tested, in co-creation with (in)formal carers and PWD.Next, the feasibility and effectiveness of the Photo-Activity versus a control activity will be explored in a randomized controlled trial with nursing home residents (N=90), and their (in)formal carers. Residents will be offered the Photo-Activity or the control activity by (in)formal carers during one month. Measurements will be conducted by independent assessors at baseline (T0), after one month (T1) and at follow up, two weeks after T1 (T2). Qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to investigate the effects of the intervention on mood, social interaction and quality of life of the PWD, sense of competence of informal carers, empathy and personal attitude of the formal carers, and quality of the relationship between the PWD, and their (in)formal carers. In addition, a process evaluation will be carried out by means of semi-structured interviews with the participating residents and (in)formal carers.Finally, an implementation package based on the process evaluation will be developed, allowing the scaling up of the intervention to other care institutions.DiscussionResults of the trial will be available for dissemination by Spring 2023. The digital Photo-Activity is expected to promote meaningful connections between the resident with dementia, and their (in)formal carers through the facilitation of person-centered conversations.Trial registrationNetherlands Trial Register: NL9219; registered (21 January 2021); NTR (trialregister.nl)

Data Mining the City: User Demands through Social Media

Purpose Information technologies are commonly used in architectural and urban design. The use of these technologies providing support at every stage of the design opens up different perspectives for designers and users. The aim of the study is to obtain user demands for green spaces of a specific district by mining data through social media and to detect the actual green spaces of the same district using applications developed for this purpose. User demands for design decisions and applications of green spaces and the current situation of the study area are evaluated. Design/Methodology/Approach The research is firstly realized through social media, and data obtained from Twitter is analysed in order to evaluate user demands for parks and green spaces of Ataşehir district in İstanbul City. Secondly, all green areas in the same district are detected by using digital maps. Two applications are specifically designed for this research; Tweet Grabber is used for user sentiment analysis on social media and Map Grabber is processed for extraction of green spaces via maps. The total area of the green spaces is compared with the desired area of open and green spaces per user. Findings The user demands and thoughts obtained in the study about the green spaces of the district are compatible with the actual situation of green spaces. It is observed that the users are mostly dissatisfied with the adequacy of green spaces. Designers, politicians, municipalities and all stakeholders can benefit from the obtained user expectations and feedback. Interpreting user demands by mining data through social media enables user participation in design decisions. This research method can be supportive and adaptive in related issues of design for the cities, enabling user participation in architectural and urban design. Research Limitations/Implications Parks and green spaces of Ataşehir district of İstanbul are taken as a case study. Twitter is chosen for mining of data in social media based on parameters such as keywords and location. Social/Practical Implications The impact and support of users in design decisions can be clearly demonstrated by advanced information technologies. Mining data through social media and developed applications will contribute to design decisions and policies for architectural and urban spaces. Originality/Value Tweet Grabber and Map Grabber applications are developed for this research in order to get text based and image based data. The research includes a unique case study for mining data through social media on a specific design issue and target location.

사용자 참여형 디자인에 대한 디자인 선호도 연구 - 대학 마스코트 디자인 사례를 중심으로 -

국내 대학에서 보유하고 있는 마스코트는 대학 아 이덴티티 디자인과 함께 대학의 정체성을 전달하기 위한 목적으로 만들어졌다. 대학 마스코트의 경우, 다 양한 캐릭터 굿즈로 만들어지고 있으며, 대학생을 넘 어서 일반인에게도 많은 인기를 얻고 있다. 이와 같 이 대학 마스코트는 캐릭터 굿즈뿐만 아니라, 이모티 콘, 홍보용 영상, 대학 홈페이지까지 등장하여 다양한 곳에서 적극적으로 활용되고 있다. 이러한 대학 마스 코트들은 최근 사용자가 참여하여 디자인한 사례들이 늘어나고 있다. 사용자가 참여함으로써 다양한 아이 디어가 도출되고, 다양한 곳에 활용된 것을 알 수 있 었다. 본 연구는 사용자 참여형 디자인 중 대학 마스코트 에 대해 알아보고, 사용자 참여형 디자인의 선호도에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해서 서울권 대 학 57곳을 중심으로 마스코트 유무를 파악했고, 사용 자 참여 유무를 파악하여 사용자 참여형 마스코트와 사용자 비참여형 마스코트를 모두 사용하는 대학 3곳 을 선정하여 연구대상으로 삼았다. 마스코트 선호도를 확인하기 위하여 두 가지 방법 으로 분석했다. 첫째, 브랜드 아이덴티티 프리즘의 구 성 요소를 기준으로 대학 마스코트 디자인을 분석했 다. 둘째, 설문조사를 통하여 대학 마스코트에 대한 일반인들의 선호도 조사를 진행했다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 브랜드 아이덴티티 프리즘 의 평가 결과가 비참여형 마스코트와 참여형 마스코 트의 평가가 정반대로 나온 것을 확인했다. 둘째, 참 여형 마스코트가 비참여형 마스코트보다 선호도가 높 은 것으로 확인했다. 위와 같은 결과, 대학 마스코트 를 개발 시 사용자들의 참여를 유도가 필요하다고 생 각하며, 사용자 중심의 디자인 개발이 필요하다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과가 대학 마스코트의 개발 및 유사 연구에 참고자료로 활용되길 기대한다.

User participation: what can be learned from the information systems domain?

PurposeMany records professionals are involved in the design and development of recordkeeping systems. To design recordkeeping systems that meet user needs, their perspectives have to be included in the design process. The purpose of this paper is to explore what can be learned from the domain of information systems (IS) regarding user participation in design, and then to reflect on what related to the recordkeeping dimension should be further considered.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a review of literature in the IS development field about user participation.FindingsAnalysing how users participate in IS development reveals several aspects of interest for records professionals. There are different approaches to, purposes of and driving values in user participation, which should be transparent. For user participation to be successful, an infrastructure has to be in place. The idea of user participation may be a way to include the secondary values of records in the near term, but it may also challenge traditional roles. New issues, such as the archivist’s role as a trusted third party, should be analysed further.Originality/valueThis study uses knowledge from the information system field to acquire new knowledge about user participation in design, and relate it to the recordkeeping domain. This study addresses issues surrounding user participation, which has been indicated as an area in need of further development in archives and information science.

Card-based design tools: a review and analysis of 155 card decks for designers and designing

Many card-based design tools have been produced, initially to aid creativity and user participation in design, with an upsurge post-2000 when numerous card decks were developed. Reviewers have classified the tools using samples ranging from five to thirty-eight. Our comprehensive inventory and analysis of 155 card-based tools offers a more robust classification, with three-quarters aiming to facilitate creative thinking, human-centred design, or domain-specific methods. The few scientific trials of these tools indicate they enable designers to generate more innovative concepts, and feedback indicates that cards can aid the design process and provide information, methods, or good practice in handy form. However, cards are usually tested and applied by their developers, so more independent trials are needed to establish their effectiveness.

User-participatory development of FindMyApps; a tool to help people with mild dementia find supportive apps for self-management and meaningful activities.

ObjectiveThere is growing evidence that hand-held touchscreen devices (tablets) can support people with mild dementia to manage their life and engage in meaningful activities. However, as it can be difficult to find apps that match one’s personal needs, wishes and abilities, a person-centred selection tool was developed, called FindMyApps.MethodTo ensure its usability, the FindMyApps selection tool was developed using a ‘user-participatory design’ in which users (persons with dementia and informal carers), and experts (designers, developers and researchers) closely collaborated. In three short iterative rounds – so called ‘sprints’ – the users were invited to test whether the prototypes harmonised with their needs, wishes and abilities.ResultsEach sprint provided insight into potential improvements of the tool. The development team gained an understanding of issues regarding usefulness (e.g. meaningful content of (sub)categories for apps in domains of self-management and meaningful activities), as well as issues to increase the user-friendliness (e.g. intuitive design with instructive navigation support).ConclusionThe FindMyApps selection tool was conceived as a means to make it easier for people with mild dementia to select apps meeting their needs, wishes and abilities. This provisional end version will be further tested, and, if necessary, improved in a feasibility study.

Dealing with User Participation in Design of Products and Services: A Case Study with Small Companies

Dealing with User Participation in Design of Products and Services: A Case Study with Small Companies

Patients’ perspectives about the design of a mobile application for psychotic disorders

Aim Based on the design of applications for psychotic disorders illness self-management, this study aimed to understand patients’ patterns of technology usage, as well as their expectations and requirements concerning the design of an app for rehabilitation and illness management purposes. It also aimed to identify guidelines for mobile application development for this population. Method After a literature review, a questionnaire was developed, focused on behaviours and opinions about technology usage. It was applied, through a cross-sectional study, to a sample of 102 users of mental health services with psychotic disorders (62% men; with ages between 22 and 66 years old). Results Nearly 59% of the participants were willing to download an app for illness self-management, and 51% evaluated as essential the self-management of their mental health condition. However, correlation analysis revealed that the more years with mental illness, the less importance is given to an app for this purpose. Conclusion The use of mobile technologies seems to the have potential to empower individuals with mental health problems, especially younger ones and those in early disease stages. Concerns about privacy/security should be considered, as well as simple screening designs and texts. The results also reveal the importance of user participatory design.

The Development and the Wearability Assessment of Cliff: An Automatized Zipper

Cliff is a project which aims to develop an automatized zipper for the zipping and unzipping process. It is a response to the struggle by the elderly, people with physical disabilities and, ladies who have problems zipping back-zipper dresses. An iterative research through design approach was applied [1] to develop a working mechanism and prototype of Cliff. In order to assess the general comfort level of Cliff, the Comfort Rating Scales (CRS) method has been used. It measures the wearable comfort across six dimensions: emotion, attachment, harm, perceived change, movement and anxiety [2]. The user participatory design session has been designed and conducted to perform the study which includes a session of observation, prototype experience, a survey, and open questions. The test results show that the acceptance of the Cliff is satisfactory with all the levels of effect scoring at the lowest level. However, the findings also raised concerns about the stigmatisation effect. This study provided useful insight, opinions and, feedbacks which are essential to make Cliff ready for society.

소셜네트워크서비스(SNS)를 활용한 학교건축의 사용자 참여디자인 방법론 연구

The purpose of user participatory design is to project the images and demands of all the users of a school in person through their direct and active participation. Also, user participatory design is supposed to reduce the role of professionals who have led design to date and to expand the role of users and participants; thereby improving design quality in school construction. The study propose design realization methods using design camp courses and SNS based user participatory workshops. And The study propose on-offline based method and tool which are able to reflect diverse situations and purposes. Finally, the study proposed an application scenario for applying the above proposed methods efficiently in user participatory design. For the application scenario, the study proposed an SNS-based user participatory design method as the most appropriate for Korea.