User Participation In Design Research Articles

Design Approach to Support Prospective Memory for Independent Living among Aging People

Background Memory issues especially are one of the main challenges for older adults in respect to maintaining independent living. Many older adults suffer from memory issues closely associated with prospective memory (PM), a form of memory that involves remembering to do something at the appropriate time in the future. To solve this issue, this research explores the designing of a product that enables the elderly to sustain independent living by supporting their prospective memory. Methods The research methodology, consisting of both the user study and design methods, was adapted from human-centered design (ISO 13407, 1999). The main user studies were a focus group and a participatory user design with seven elderly participants who live in London, UK. The design and development stages involved various design methods, including product design specification and prototyping. At the user evaluation phase, the user group using physical and digital prototypes evaluated the proposed design solution. Result Based on consecutive user studies of the focus group and user participatory design, a Smart Memory Supportive System (SMSS), which is a combination of interactive devices employing radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, was produced to support the prospective memory of the elderly. Within the design development phase, a couple of prototypes were created for evaluating the usability of the system by the user group. As a result, improvement points for usability were suggested, based on the user evaluation findings. Conclusions The proposed design system would benefit the elderly by satisfying their aspiration of maintaining independence by improving their safety and security. It would encourage them to organize a routine or semi-routine task without intrusiveness in their familiar home environment.

A Study on the Characteristics of Interactive Fashion Through User Participation

The purpose of this study is to examine a user-centered and interactivity-based user-participatory design that could be completed by users by helping them to better understand a diverse experience and be involved in a design process. The aspects of expression that were marked by direct user participation and subsequent interactivity in the areas of design, the arts and fashion were investigated to determine their characteristics. The kind of fashion that is characterized by interactivity is of significance in that it is variable according to the purpose of the users, it's possible to have sustained communication with them through their direct participation, and that the designer is consequently able to build a new, communicative relationship with the users as co-creators. This study found that the characteristics of interactivity through direct user participation are classified into four characteristics; One is playfulness. which offers a new experience and way to create fun and vale. Another is variability, which is changeability of form; the third is the convergence of technology and function. Lastly, the fourth is virtuality. This is to embody images in virtual space.

Tailored e-Health services for the dementia care setting: a pilot study of 'eHealthMonitor'.

BackgroundThe European eHealthMonitor project (eHM) developed a user-sensitive and interactive web portal for dementia care: the eHM Dementia Portal (eHM-DP). It aims to provide targeted and personalized support for informal caregivers of people with dementia in a home-based care setting. The objective of the pilot study was to obtain feedback on the eHM-DP from two user perspectives (caregivers and medical professionals), focusing on caregiver empowerment, decision aid, and the perceived benefits of the eHM-DP.MethodsThe study on the eHM-DP was conducted from March 2014 to June 2014. The methodological approach followed a user-participatory design with a total number of 42 participants. The study included caregivers of people with dementia and medical professionals (MPs) from the metropolitan region of Erlangen-Nürnberg (Bavaria, Germany). Study participants were interviewed face-to-face with semi-structured, written interviews.ResultsCaregivers indicated a high degree of perceived support by the eHM-DP and of provided decision aid. In total, 89 % of caregivers and 54 % of MPs would use the eHM-DP if access were provided. The primary benefits participants perceived were the acquisition of individualized information, computerized interaction between caregivers and MPs, empowerment in health-related decisions and comprehensive insights into the progress of the disease. Major recommendations for improving the eHM-DP encompassed: an active search functionality based on predefined terms, the implementation of a chatroom for caregivers, an upload function and alerts for MPs, as well as the overall design.ConclusionsOur study is the first to have provided new insights and results on an interactive and needs-oriented web portal, endeavouring towards empowerment and assistance in decision making for caregivers as well as MPs within the realm of caring for patients with dementia. The acceptance and willingness to use the eHM-DP emphasizes the potential of eHealth services for community-based dementia care settings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12911-015-0182-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Typology of Co-design Strategy in NPD Process - A Conceptual Framework of Co-design Typology for User Participatory Design Approach -

Typology of Co-design Strategy in NPD Process - A Conceptual Framework of Co-design Typology for User Participatory Design Approach -

User participatory medical service design elements for endocrine disease management

User participatory medical service design elements for endocrine disease management

The Impact of Co-design Strategy in NDP process -A user participatory design approach for advancement of organisational innovation-

The Impact of Co-design Strategy in NDP process -A user participatory design approach for advancement of organisational innovation-

학교건축 사용자 참여디자인의 효율적 운영 방법 연구

The user participatory design process collects users` opinions efficiently through a feedback process such as various user workshops and conferences. When users who actually participated in a design process use the facility in which they were a participant, their satisfaction with the design quality of the facility they use may be enhanced; therefore, user participatory design methods in school construction are deemed to enlarge consistently the interest in a school of students, parents, teachers, and local residents. This paper selected the most appropriate user participatory design methods through an analysis of actually applied cases, and applied them to the empirical exploration process. Also, problems incurred through the empirical exploration process were solved by various user participatory design methods based on actually experienced cases and the results of workshops performed. As such, this paper deduced problems by applying user participatory design methods in practice, and solved problems by executing the empirical exploration process again. Through this, the paper proposed a variety of user participatory design methods for improving school design and raising user satisfaction.

Mapping Health Outcome and Costs when Coordinating Local Information System Redesign.

As costs for healthcare are rising in society, information systems are often seen as enablers of new cost-saving healthcare processes. But an on-going deployment of a wide range of new kinds of systems requires close attention to interoperability between new and legacy systems. Another challenge is to assure that the healthcare professions are given realistic opportunities to play an active part in designing the new ways of working that the new, integrated systems are designed to support. We argue that a feasible way to approach such a user participation in design of work processes and systems is to extend well known user-survey and strategy-mapping methods with the new value-based healthcare approach which invites health professionals to participate in strategic assessments of health outcome and costs along the care chain in which they work. We also argue that such a combination of practical research methods resonates well with Techno-Anthropology's foregrounding of ethical considerations to inform the interdisciplinary cross-fertilization of interactional competencies in health informatics research.

Participation of end users in the design of assistive technology for people with mild to severe cognitive problems; the European Rosetta project

In the European Rosetta project three separate, previously developed, ICT systems were improved and integrated to create one modular system that helps community-dwelling people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in different stages of the disease. The system aims to support them in daily functioning, monitor (deviations from) patterns in daily behaviour and to automatically detect emergency situations. The study aimed to inventory the end users' needs and wishes regarding the development and design of the new integrated Rosetta system, and to describe the to be developed Rosetta system. Qualitative user-participatory design with in total 50 persons: 14 people with dementia, 13 informal carers, 6 professional carers, 9 dementia experts, 7 care partners within the project, and 1 volunteer. In the Netherlands user focus group sessions were performed and in Germany individual interviews. Dementia experts were consulted by means of a questionnaire, an expert meeting session, and interviews. Persons with dementia and informal carers appreciated the following functionalities most: help in cases of emergencies, navigation support and the calendar function. Dementia experts rated various behaviours relevant to monitor in order to detect timely changes in functioning, e.g. eating, drinking, going to the toilet, taking medicine adequately, performance of activities and sleep patterns. No ethical issues regarding the use of sensors and cameras were mentioned. The user participatory design resulted in valuable input from persons with dementia, informal carers and professional carers/dementia experts, based on which a first prototype Rosetta system was built.

학교건축 디자인 지표의 사용자 참여설계 적용에 관한 연구

The study explored empirically user participatory design methods for realizing user demand efficiently and evaluating alternatives systematically by using design indicators such as the design quality indicators system of the UK. In the empirical exploratory process utilizing design indicators, the study selected design indicators, and conducted a survey of design realization methods, evaluation methods, and user participatory design utilizing design indicators. Also, concerning the empirical exploratory process, it can be classified into a preliminary survey aimed at those majoring in architecture; a user group survey aimed at elementary school students, parents, and teachers; and a professional group survey aimed at professionals in architecture. In particular, the study carried out the survey for the empirical exploratory process of user participatory design by combining on-line and off-line methods.

Towards Establishing a Touchless Gesture Dictionary based on User Participatory Design

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate users' intuitive stereotypes on non-touch gestures and establish the gesture dictionary that can be applied to gesture-based interaction designs. Background: Recently, the interaction based on non-touch gestures is emerging as an alternative for natural interactions between human and systems. However, in order for non-touch gestures to become a universe interaction method, the studies on what kinds of gestures are intuitive and effective should be prerequisite. Method: In this study, as applicable domains of non-touch gestures, four devices(i.e. TV, Audio, Computer, Car Navigation) and sixteen basic operations(i.e. power on/off, previous/next page, volume up/down, list up/down, zoom in/out, play, cancel, delete, search, mute, save) were drawn from both focus group interview and survey. Then, a user participatory design was performed. The participants were requested to design three gestures suitable to each operation in the devices, and they evaluated intuitiveness, memorability, convenience, and satisfaction of their derived gestures. Through the participatory design, agreement scores, frequencies and planning times of each distinguished gesture were measured. Results: The derived gestures were not different in terms of four devices. However, diverse but common gestures were derived in terms of kinds of operations. In special, manipulative gestures were suitable for all kinds of operations. On the contrary, semantic or descriptive gestures were proper to one-shot operations like power on/off, play, cancel or search. Conclusion: The touchless gesture dictionary was established by mapping intuitive and valuable gestures onto each operation. Application: The dictionary can be applied to interaction designs based on non-touch gestures. Moreover, it will be used as a basic reference for standardizing non-touch gestures.

What Do Users Tell Us about FRBR-Based Catalogs?

FRBR user research has been the least addressed area in FRBR research and development. This article addresses the research gap in evaluating and designing catalogs based on FRBR user research. It draws from three user studies concerning FRBR-based catalogs: (1) user evaluation of three FRBR-based catalogs, (2) user participatory design of a prototype catalog based on the FRBR model, and (3) user evaluation of the resulting FRBR prototype catalog. The major findings from the user studies are highlighted and discussed for future development of FRBR-based catalogs that support various user tasks.

"학교 공간 개선에 있어 사용자 참여디자인이 갖는 효용성 및 참여방식에 관한 사례연구"

최근 들어 고성과 디자인과 지속가능한 학교환경에 대한 논의가 활발해지면서 공간 환경의 디자인이 학생들의 수행 및 신체, 심리적 안녕에 미치는 영향에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 2008년 문화체육관광부에서 실시한 ‘문화로 행복한 학교 만들기’ 사업에 대한 후속 연구로써 사용자 참여디자인이 학교 건축에 있어 어떤 효용성을 가질 수 있는지, 그리고 참여디자인 과정의 의사소통과 의사결정이 실제 학교 현장에서 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 이 사업에는 2개 초등학교와 3개 중학교가 참여하였으며 이 가운데 4개 학교가 화장실을 문화, 휴식 공간으로 개보수 하였고 1개 초등학교는 유휴교실을 북카페로 개조하여 학생, 학부모, 교사의 휴식공간으로 이용할 수 있게 하였다. 본 연구에서 분석한 자료는 설문조사와 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통하여 수집되었다. 설문에는 5개 학교에서 학생 798명과 교사 134명이, 인터뷰에는 28명의 학생과 20명의 교사가 참여하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 학생과 교사의 학교 공간 디자인 참여는 그 결과에 대한 만족도와 개인의 수행 변화에 대한 인지 변인과 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학교 공간 개선에 대해서는 학생보다 교사 집단이 더 많이 참여하고, 더 많이 만족하는 경향이 있었다. 셋째, 디자인 참여 방법으로는 설문조사, 회의, 워크샵, 체험 활동 등이 사용되었으며, 참여자의 범위와 규모는 사안 별로 또 학교 별로 다양하게 나타났다. 넷째, 학생과 교사들은 주로 자신의 요구나 의견을 제시하는 것을 참여의 의의로 여기고 있었으며, 의사결정은 학교주도형, 디자이너주도형, 절충형의 세 유형으로 구분되었다. 본 연구는 제한된 사례로 수행된 연구이지만 학교 공간 환경에 대한 국제적 관심이 고조되고 국내의 학교 신개축 사례가 증가할 것으로 보이는 시점에서 교육 정책 결정자와 학교 건축 디자이너들에게 사용자 참여디자인의 효용성 및 방법론에 대한 통찰을 줄 수 있다는 점에서 그 의의를 갖는다.

Design participation tactics: the challenges and new roles for designers in the co-design process

This paper seeks to redefine ‘user participation in design’ and to articulate new roles for designers in order to transform design processes. The term ‘Design Participation’ was introduced in the 1971 Design Research Society conference. The main focus of this paper is to suggest ways to tackle three areas that have been neglected over 30 years of Design Participation development, namely: the aesthetic quality of design practice, the collaborative relationship of design research and participatory design thinking. The paper is a reflection by a professional designer developed through the experience of working with different groups in action research projects and these concrete case studies are used to illustrate the developing theory. Three areas of challenges were identified and the overall aim was to facilitate innovative collaboration and create platforms for social inclusion in design practice. Addressing these challenges, it is essential to reconsider the roles of designers (design developer, facilitator and generator) in order to achieve user participation in design. However, in order to avoid tokenism, the most important thing is to practice these roles as tactics of Design Participation.

Progress and application of the Tohoku microbeam system

A microbeam system was constructed at the Tohoku University Dynamitron laboratory and optimization of the system was performed. Parasitic field contamination from tungsten carbide slit chips and an annular Si surface barrier detector limited the beam spot size to 2 × 2 μm 2. By replacing these components, the parasitic field contamination of the system was reduced and the performance of the microbeam system was remarkably improved. A measured beam spot size of 0.4 × 0.4 μm 2 at a beam current of several tens of pA has been accomplished. The results obtained using the grid shadow method show that a beam spot size of less than 0.4 μm is obtainable in the low-current regime. For easy tuning and operation of the microbeam system, a human–machine interface (HMI) was developed based on the user participatory design concept. The HMI has been accepted favorably by users and is used in routine operations. The analysis system has been re-developed and is applicable to simultaneous in-air/in-vacuum PIXE, RBS, SEM, and STIM analyses and 3D μ-CT. The system is now applied for studies in biological, environmental, and other fields.

School Planning and Design with Children's Participation: A Case Study of Shimoyama Elementary School

Children, Youth and Environments 17(1), 2007 School Planning and Design with Children’s Participation: A Case Study of Shimoyama Elementary School Kaname Yanagisawa Faculty of Engineering, Department of Design and Architecture Chiba University, Japan Citation: Yanagisawa, Kaname (2007). “School Planning and Design with Children’s Participation: A Case Study of Shimoyama Elementary School.” Children, Youth and Environments 17(1): 315-321. Keywords: children’s participation, design workshops with children, school design, Japan This report is founded on the belief that user participation in design and planning is a key to success in creating better schools. Designers need to understand what teachers, children and community people really think of their present school, and what they want to do for their new school. It is especially important to bring children’s views and ideas into school planning and design. According to my research, well-organized design workshops with children help provide useful information for creating better schools and help foster affection for the school. Yet, it can be difficult to involve children in such a process; this paper describes one attempt. The new school site for Shimoyama Elementary School is located on sloped land in a mountainous village. The school is small, serving just 120 pupils, but it also serves as a symbol of the community. Five existing schools were to be demolished and combined into the new school. Facilities such as the gym, library, multipurpose spaces and practical rooms were to be designed for use by the wider community as well as students. We first surveyed the existing schools to understand the current problems and the children’s needs. Next, we conducted an observational survey of children’s behavior and interviewed them. We then organized several design workshops—the focus of this report—with all students of the existing schools to enable them to evaluate their current schools and allow them to exchange ideas for creating an ideal school. School Planning and Design with Children’s Participation... 316 Design Workshops with Children The process of design workshops was as follows: 1. All students of the five schools met for an orientation. We made a slide show presentation of unique school buildings to fifth and sixth grade students. 2. Individual students worked in each school for two months. 3. All students of the five schools met for the students’ presentations and to exchange ideas. We divided the children from all schools into three groups according to age: first and second grade, third and fourth grade, and fifth and sixth grade. Each group worked on a different theme and used different methods (Table 1). Some of the results of the students work are shown in Tables 2 through 5. Table 1. Design workshop themes and methods Theme Target Method My Favorite Places in My School 1st / 2nd grade Children pick their favorite place, photograph it and write about it on a formatted sheet. My School History: Learning and Life 3rd / 4th grade Children in groups study their school’s history through documents and interviewing a person of an older generation. My Ideal Future School 5th / 6th grade Children in groups study and design their ideal school. Table 2. Results from 1st / 2nd grade design workshops: My Favorite Places in My School Name of School Examples Reasons Slide Good view from the top of the slide. Sanba Elementary School Pond Many killifish in the pond. Attractive grass field around the pond. Some grasses can be cooked and eaten. Japanese Room A symbolic big drum is in this room. Comfortable tatami floor used in this room. Habu Elementary School Clinic Clinic is only in this school. Nice doctor there. Gym Popular for playing with balls. Wagou Elementary School Tree House Created by all students. Swing by using automobile tires. Play House Created by 1st grader from 412 milk cartons. Tahirazawa Elementary School Play Land Lots of play equipment in it. Tarzan rope is most popular. Frog Pond Lovely gigantic carps are in the pond. Azou Elementary School Creature Land There are 13 hamsters, 3 crabs, 8 tadpoles. School Planning and Design with Children’s Participation... 317 Table 3. Research themes from 3rd / 4th grade design workshops: My School History: Learning and Life Name of...

The Structure of Incentive: Design and Client Roles in Application-Oriented Research

End user participation in design is widely believed to benefit system development. In 1992, when the U.S. National Research Council advocated broadening research in computer science, it strongly recommended collaborative projects in which the user/ application discipline was an equal partner with computer science. This article exam ines the incentives and costs in user-designer relationships and argues that the costs to users are unexpected and often not assumable and that there are asymmetries inherent in the user-designer relationship that destabilize the collaboration. The article draws on a case study of Sequoia 2000, a multimillion dollar collaboration between computerscien tists and global change researchers.

Creating Conditions for Participation: Conflicts and Resources in Systems Design

<p>User participation in design is a well recognized way of gaining more knowledge about work, and of improving the quality of the computer application to be designed. Yet many experiences with user participation were gained under circumstances quite different from those of corporations in the 1990's - in the Scandinavian collective resource projects. This paper will argue that a lot can still be learned from these projects, in particular when it comes to the creation of conditions for participation.</p><p>The paper will present a recent project, the AT project, in order to discuss the concerns and conditions of participatory design projects today. This discussion seeks inspiration also in philosophical concerns regarding human development. The main message is that we shouldn't throw out the baby with the bath water, though certainly many aspects need to be rethought. The paper goes on to suggest that new alliances between groups in organizations, with due concern for their diversity of resources, and with constructive use of the conflicts inherent in the organization despite their fundamentally conflicting interests, may be a way forward in empowering organizations, making room for groups and individuals within them to act. The paper discusses experiences with ways of setting up design activities in such an environment.</p>

The Spatial Arrangements of Ordinary English Houses

The 45 apartments of the PSSHAK housing estate in London are analyzed using Hillier and Hanson's syntactic method to discover the range of spatial arrangements arising from a participatory design process stimulated by ideas proposed in John Habraken's Supports. There is a compelling family likeness to all the tenant-planned units; this far outweighs any expression of personal individuality through plan organization. The regularities discovered are described as the morphology of ordinary English domestic space. It is suggested that this particular morphological type could form part of a brief for mass housing in the UK. A conclusion is made that `planning your own accommodation" within housing projects that call for tenant participation in the design process (such as those labeled community architecture) is of relatively minor importance and far less significant than had been supposed. The results of this brand of community architecture may be satisfaction through a Hawthorne effect rather than through personalization of living space. The research also suggests that the purported virtues of user participation in design may, paradoxically, be predicated on an agenda that is determined by the profession's need to maintain its control of design.

A knowledge acquisition tool for intelligent computer tutors

This research addresses the widening gap between research in intelligent tutoring systems and practical use of this technology by the educational community. In order to insure that intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are effective, teachers must be involved in their design and evaluation. We have followed a user participatory design process to build a set of ITS knowledge acquisition tools tailored for usability by teachers. The system facilitates rapid prototyping and testing of curriculum and multiple tutoring strategies. Teachers use the system to create, modify, and test the system's domain content and tutoring strategy knowledge bases. The design includes novel methodologies for strategy representation and overlay student modeling, and incorporates considerations from instructional design theory. Tools have been designed to provide the user with visual models of the concepts and structures of the underlying framework. In close collaboration with a veteran high school teacher, we have used the interface to design a tutor for statics (part of a high school physics course). In this paper we describe the system (called KAFITS), report on our experience involving educators in ITS development, discuss issues of ITS knowledge representation and acquisition, and compare the system with related research in generic tutoring systems and knowledge acquisition.