Use Of Veterinary Products Research Articles

On Counteracting the Sale of Counterfeit Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use

The article analyzes the data on the activities of the North-West Interregional Administration of Rosselkhoznadzor in the implementation of licensing of pharmaceutical activities in the field of circulation of medicines for veterinary use. The decision-making powers and results of work on blocking websites containing offers for the retail sale of medicinal products for veterinary use, including remotely, the retail sale of which is limited or prohibited, are considered.The requirements for mandatory labeling of medicinal products for veterinary use were studied. The regulatory legal documents governing powers in the assigned area of activity and risk indicators of violation of mandatory requirements in the implementation of state control (supervision) in the field of circulation of medicinal products for veterinary use were studied.

Quantification of ivermectin in veterinary products consumed off-label as a treatment for COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused global pandemonium, and due to an unprecedented global response, the popularity and use of (veterinary) ivermectin, amongst many other conceivable 'treatments', experienced a meteoric rise. Ivermectin is a macrocyclic lactone compound belonging to the avermectin drug class and is a registered medicine in many countries, although the most common use is as veterinary medicine. In this study, a fast HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantification of ivermectin in veterinary products that were used off-label by a substantial number of people during COVID-19. Locally used veterinary products were collected as well as commercial products acquired and were tested using the newly developed method. The ivermectin content was compared to the products' label claims and it was found that all products tested contained ivermectin within acceptable limits. However, the use of veterinary products is strongly discouraged due to high dosages and administration regimens that were tested in animals and can lead to serious adverse events in humans. The presence of untested excipients and secondary actives, such as clorsulon, which can cause unknown (long-term) health impacts in humans, further adds credence to this warning.

Impacts of cattle management and agricultural practices on water quality through different approaches: physicochemical and ecotoxicological parameters.

The intensification of livestock farming can pose risks to the environment due to the increased use of veterinary products and the generation of waste in confined areas. The quality of water bodies near livestock establishments (Areco River (A) and Doblado stream (D), San Antonio de Areco, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was studied by physicochemical parameters, metals, pesticides, emerging contaminants, and lethal and sublethal toxicity (neurotoxicity and oxidative stress) in larvae of the native amphibian Rhinella arenarum. Six sites were selected: upstream (S1A and S1D), at the level (S2A and S2D), and downstream (S3A and S3D) from the establishments. A low concentration of dissolved oxygen was observed in Doblado stream (< 2.34mg/L). Cu, Mn, V, and Zn exceeded the limits for the protection of aquatic life at various sites. Between 24 and 34 pesticides were detected in all sites, with 2,4-D, atrazine, and metolachlor being the most recurrent. In water and sediment, the concentrations of ivermectin (S2A, 1.32μg/L and 58.18μg/kg; S2D, 0.8μg/L and 85.22μg/kg) and oxytetracycline (S2A, < 1mg/L and < 1mg/kg; S2D, 11.8mg/L and 39mg/kg) were higher at sites near the establishments. All sites caused between 30 and 38.3% of lethality and produced neurotoxicity and alterations in the reduced glutathione content. Moreover, larvae exposed to samples from all sites incorporated ivermectin. These results demonstrate the degradation of the studied sites in relation to the agricultural activities of the area, highlighting the need to take measures to protect and preserve aquatic ecosystems.

ВЕТЕРЕНАТРНІ ЛІКАРСЬКІ ЗАСОБИ ЯК ПРЕДМЕТКРИМІНАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ, ЩО ПОСЯГАЮТЬНА ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНУ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ

The article deals with the issues of circulation of medicinal products for veterinary use (veterinary medicinal products).It is argued that the current Ukrainian regulatory legislation on pharmaceutical activity does not include such a component as medicinal products for veterinary use and their circulation, since medicinal products for veterinary use are unable toensure the appropriate "state" of individual and public human health.It turns out that damage to the life and health of a person as a result of a violation of the order of circulation of medicinal products for veterinary use (veterinary medicinal products) has the same features as the damage caused to pharmaceutical activity as an independent object of criminal law protection (it is about direct and indirect damage). Therefore, criminal legislation should ensure the protection of such components of activity in the field of veterinary medicine and veterinary practice as the life and health of a single person (individual) or several people (public). In the author`s opinion, if we take into account the international legal standards of the Medicrime Conventionregarding the equal legal "regime" of medicinal products for "human and veterinary use", then the regime of criminal legal protection of medicinal products for veterinary use (veterinary medicinal products) and their circulation should not differ from " regime" of criminal legal protection of medicinal products.The author notes that actions with veterinary medicinal products "do not fit" into the content of the construction of "violation of veterinary rules" provided for in Art. 251 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.It is proposed to make relevant changes in the Criminal Code of Ukraine that would correspond to the provisions of the Medicrime Convention and add articles: 1) "Falsification of veterinary medicinal products, circulation or use of falsified veterinary medicinal products" (Article 321-4 of the Criminal Code); 2) "Forgery of documents that ensure the manufacturing, circulation or use of veterinary medicinal products, or the use of such knowingly falsified documents" (Article 321-6 of the CriminalCode); supplement the disposition of Art. 251 of the Criminal Code.

Stability assessment of immunobiological medicinal products manufacturing for veterinary use with Shewhart control charts

According to the current Rules of Good Manufacturing Practice of the Eurasian Economic Union, the principles of risk management for product quality must be applied to all aspects of the production and use of medicines for medical and veterinary purposes. The recommended quality risk management method used by regulators is the Shewhart Chart. Control charts, proposed in 1924 by W. Shewhart, are a graphical tool for applying statistical principles to process control. Statistical process control is a methodology for establishing and maintaining production at an acceptable and stable level, providing the required product quality. Control charts are used to collect data during the continuous recording of the characteristics of the quality of manufactured products. As a result of continuous analysis of information, control charts help to identify unusual patterns of data variation and take preventive measures to eliminate them and increase process stability. The use of Shewhart maps leads to a more detailed understanding of the process and helps to discover ways for valuable improvements. The purpose of the work is to assess the stability of the production of immunobiological medicinal products for veterinary use using Shewhart's control charts. The immunobiological drug "Oralrabivak" produced at the Schelkovo Biokombinat FKP was used as a model object. We used control charts of individual values (X-chart) and moving ranges (Rm-chart) and maps of mean values (-chart) and sample standard deviations (s-chart). The assessment of the stability of the production of Oralrabivak using Shewhart's control charts showed that during two production cycles (2021 and 2022) the technological process was in a state of statistical controllability. To improve the process and ensure the quality of the finished product, the specialists of the enterprise have taken preventive measures. The methodology of control charts made it possible to visualize and study in detail a new production process for the enterprise for a deeper understanding of its features by the specialists of the enterprise and further improvement.

Features of rational design of medicinal products for veterinary use

One of the ways to significantly influence the success of exploratory studies of new chemical drug candidates is to use the principles of rational drug design, associated both with the development of bioinformation technologies and with the implementation of effective models for predicting the potential biological activity of the substance under study. The main purpose of this article is to review and summarize the main features of the rational design of medicinal products for veterinary use. The search and processing of scientific publications were carried out according to the recommendations of H. Snyder for writing review articles. In English and Russian, thematic publications were searched in bibliographic databases (Elibrary, CyberLeninka, Pubmed, Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate)) using the keywords: “drug development”, “drag design” , “structurally based drag design” with further highlighting of the most cited ones. Articles published before 2013 were used only if they contained information critical to the topic that was missing in later publications. Rational drug design is the most relevant area of research in the field of drug development. This approach makes it possible to predict in advance the properties of synthesized structures. Using modern computer modeling and data analysis techniques, organic chemists can effectively design molecules with desired pharmacological properties. Rational drug design is an extremely promising area in pharmacological science.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride as promising active ingredient for oral antiseptic products to eliminate microorganisms threatening the health of endangered wild cats: a comparative study with chlorhexidine digluconate.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of polyhexamethylene hydrochloride guanidine (PHMGH) compared to chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX) for use as an oral antiseptic during dental procedures in wild cats. This research is crucial due to limited information on the diversity of oral microorganisms in wild cats and the detrimental local and systemic effects of oral diseases, which highlights the importance of improving prevention and treatment strategies. Samples were collected from the oral cavities of four Puma concolor, one Panthera onca, and one Panthera leo, and the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was counted and semi-automatically identified. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates was determined using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill kinetics of PHMGH and CLX. A total of 16 bacterial isolates were identified, consisting of six Gram-positive and 10 Gram-negative. PHMGH displayed MIC and MBC from 0.24 to 125.00 μg/mL, lower than those of CLX against three isolates. Time-kill kinetics showed that PHMGH reduced the microbial load by over 90% for all microorganisms within 30 min, whereas CLX did not. Only two Gram-positive isolates exposed to the polymer showed incomplete elimination after 60 min of contact. The results could aid in the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for oral diseases in large felids. PHMGH showed promising potential at low concentrations and short contact times compared to the commercial product CLX, making it a possible active ingredient in oral antiseptic products for veterinary use in the future.

On the issue of licensing pharmaceutical activities carried out in the field of circulation of medicinal products for veterinary use

The article analyzes data on the provision of public services for licensing pharmaceutical activities in the field of circulation of medicines for veterinary use.Studied regulatory legal documents on the procedure for licensing. The register of licensees and making appropriate changes to it is maintained by the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance. In accordance with the established procedure, the Service provides interested persons with information from the Register and other information in this field of activity. Through the Unified Portal of Public Services of the Federal State Information System, applications for the provision of licenses are sent. In electronic form, a request is also made to the licensing authority to amend the Register and terminate the licenses. The use of EPGU for this purpose was introduced from March 1, 2022.The data of the North-Western Interregional Department of Rosselkhoznadzor in the assigned field of activity for granting licenses, suspension of their validity, renewal and termination of licenses are analyzed.

Quality evaluation of solid pharmaceutical preparations for veterinary use containing cephalexin

The analysis of pharmaceuticals is fundamental in both human and veterinary medicine. In this context, quality control must accompany the process from the acquisition of raw material to the transformation into a finished product, since its goal is to ensure safe and effective drugs for human or animal consumption. Considering the significant increase in veterinary prescriptions containing antimicrobial drugs, the present work carried out a search for information about the qualification of veterinary preparations available in the national market, highlighting, through legislation, the quality parameters applied to pharmaceutical products for veterinary use. The quality of solid pharmaceutical preparations containing cephalexin, acquired in the national veterinary pharmaceutical market, was also evaluated. The six different brands of cephalexin tablets and coated tablets analyzed in this study were approved with regard to identification, average weight, determination of mechanical strength in tablets, disintegration test, and content. The results of the determination of the content varied between 94.9% and 103%, being within the limits indicated for preparations for human use, as recommended by USP 44 and the Brazilian Pharmacopeia 6th edition. Even so, it is important to emphasize the need for improvement in the legislation that regulates the quality control of medicines for veterinary use, since the norms are not very specific, with an absence of parameters, specifications, and release procedures that ensure which tests should be performed. This study is a perspective that can bring subsidies for investigations of other therapeutic classes, considering the large number of formulations available in the Brazilian market of veterinary medicines.

Efficiency of serum application for prevention and treatment of cattle

The possibility of using serum against pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, escherichiosis, parainfluenza type 3, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis has been investigated and proven. The stability of production processes in the manufacture of the drug is shown. It has been established that the use of serum in treatment or prevention enhances specific immunity and contributed to the safety of animal population. Serum against pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, escherichiosis, parainfluenza type 3, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis is a solution for injection. The search for new drugs for the prevention and treatment of farm animals is an urgent task. For veterinary medicinal products, not only high immunogenicity and active protection against diseases are fundamental importance, but also low cost. Only with the economically affordable and sufficiently efficient sera, the possibility of preventing the spread of diseases is realized. Considering the economic component variety of polyvalent antigens for serum production is is significantly reduced. The possibility of using serum against pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, escherichiosis, parainfluenza type 3, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis has been investigated and proven. The serum is safe, has preventive and therapeutic properties. Medicinal product, namely, Serum against pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, escherichiosis, parainfluenza type 3, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis is registered by the The Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision in Register of medicinal products for veterinary use, registered in the Russian Federation. Number of the registered certificate of the medicinal product for veterinary use 02-1-35.13-2309 №ПВР - 1-1.5/02079.

Manufacturing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Canine Patients: Challenges and Recommendations

The recent interest in advanced biologic therapies in veterinary medicine has opened up opportunities for new treatment modalities with considerable clinical potential. Studies with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from animal species have focused on in vitro characterization (mostly following protocols developed for human application), experimental testing in controlled studies and clinical use in veterinary patients. The ability of MSCs to interact with the inflammatory environment through immunomodulatory and paracrine mechanisms makes them a good candidate for treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions in canine species. Analysis of existing data shows promising results in the treatment of canine hip dysplasia, osteoarthritis and rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in both sport and companion animals. Despite the absence of clear regulatory frameworks for veterinary advanced therapy medicinal products, there has been an increase in the number of commercial cell-based products that are available for clinical applications, and currently the commercial use of veterinary MSC products has outpaced basic research on characterization of the cell product. In the absence of quality standards for MSCs for use in canine patients, their safety, clinical efficacy and production standards are uncertain, leading to a risk of poor product consistency. To deliver high-quality MSC products for veterinary use in the future, there are critical issues that need to be addressed. By translating standards and strategies applied in human MSC manufacturing to products for veterinary use, in a collaborative effort between stem cell scientists and veterinary researchers and surgeons, we hope to facilitate the development of quality standards. We point out critical issues that need to be addressed, including a much higher level of attention to cell characterization, manufacturing standards and release criteria. We provide a set of recommendations that will contribute to the standardization of cell manufacturing methods and better quality assurance.

The current state of the veterinary drugs market in the Tyumen Region

Objective: to assess the current state of the veterinary medical product market in the Tyumen Region.Material and methods. The objects of the study included data from the State Register of Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use for 2019–2022; veterinary pharmacy organizations and veterinary clinics in the Tyumen Region (33); price lists of veterinary pharmaceutical organizations; questionnaires of veterinary specialists (69) and consumers of medicinal products for veterinary use (93).Results. An analysis of the Register of Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use registered in the Russian Federation revealed a positive trend in the registration of new positions: with 2190 registered drugs about 300 more positions are registered annually. It was determined that the ratio of veterinary drugs of various pharmacotherapeutic groups is critically uneven (31.05% – antibacterial agents; 28% – immunobiological drugs; 0.46% – cardiovascular drugs; 0.14% – antitumor drugs). The study of the wholesale segment of the veterinary drugs market on the territory of the Tyumen Region showed that the range of wholesale trade organizations in veterinary drugs mainly consists of products for animals (at the largest one veterinary drugs account for only 16%). As a result, low indicators of the assortment are observed (breadth and completeness coefficients for pharmacotherapeutic groups), and there are problems with the availability of veterinary drugs. The analysis of the assortment of veterinary pharmaceutical organizations and clinics (retail segment of the market) revealed low breadth coefficients for medicinal products for veterinary use (median 0.09). A sociological survey showed a low level of awareness of all veterinary drugs consumer groups about the scope of their circulation.Conclusion. The study of the current state of the veterinary medicinal product market in the Tyumen Region identified the problems of their availability both in the wholesale and retail segments, which need to be addressed with the help of state regulation (including the introduction of a minimum range of drugs for veterinary use) and normalization of the assortment policy at the level of veterinary pharmacies and clinics. Because of the lack of registration for some drugs necessary for the treatment of animals, veterinarians are forced to put into practice drugs for medical use, deliberately violating the law. Given the experience of many foreign countries, we consider it expedient to allow the use (in special cases) of medical drugs in veterinary medicine. This will solve the problem of pharmacotherapy availability and allow veterinarians to provide better care to animals.

Results of pre-registration studies of the vaccine against Strangles of horses

Horse breeding in Yakutia is associated with year-round grazing and tebenevok keeping of horses. In herd horse breeding, the most common infectious disease is Strangles horses. In the republic, the incidence of Strangles from the total number of young horses is 57.8-62.7%, mortality - 4.0-22.0%. An effective method of combating this infection is vaccination. Based on this, we have developed a new inactivated vaccine against Strangles horses with an immunomodulator, made from the bacterial strain Str. equi "H-5/1", as an immunomodulator added centrate strain of bacteria Bac. subtilis TNP-3. Preclinical trials on laboratory animals (white mice, rabbits) showed that the vaccine protects up to 90% of white mice from experimental infection with a pathogenic strain of mytaceous streptococcus. According to the results of clinical observation, pathoanatomical autopsy, histological examination, it was established that the vaccine does not negatively affect the general condition of animals, does not have allergenic properties, does not cause pathological changes in organs and tissues, and does not have a toxic effect on the body of laboratory animals. Clinical trials were carried out on foals 6-8 months of age. The efficiency of immunization was 97.6%. With the introduction of the development in a separate farm, the economic effect per head will be 3.99 thousand rubles, per 1 ruble of costs - 6.65 rubles. In general, the republic will receive an economic effect in the amount of 49 million 356 thousand rubles. Thus, the method of specific prevention of Strangles horses developed by us is environmentally safe, highly immunogenic and cost-effective. Scientific and technical documentation and the vaccine against myta successfully passed the examination of the VGNKI of veterinary drugs. The vaccine is registered in the register of medicinal products for veterinary use (Rosselkhoznadzor of the Russian Federation) under registration number No. 71-1-27.21-4828 No. PVR-1-27.21/03691 dated 08.12.2021.

Анализ фармацевтического рынка антисептических лекарственных средств для ветеринарного применения

This paper presents an analysis of the range of veterinary antiseptic drugs registered in the Russian Federation. The Russian Federation occupies a leading position in the development and production of antiseptic preparations registered on its territory. As of February 1, 2022, 93 antiseptic preparations have been entered into the State Register of Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use. It was found that the largest number of drugs are presented in liquid dosage forms (43 drugs – 46,24 %). It was revealed that the most common active substance in the studied preparations is iodine (contained in 27 preparations – 29,67 %). When distributing antiseptic preparations to target animals, it was found that the largest number of preparations is intended for cattle, small cattle, horses, pigs, birds, dogs and cats (33 preparations – 35.48 %). The average annual registration of antiseptic drugs is 9,68 % – 9 drugs per year. When evaluating the dynamics of the state registration of antiseptic drugs for veterinary use, it was noted that it was uneven.

Анализ фармацевтического рынка антибактериальных химиотерапевтических лекарственных средств для ветеринарного применения

This paper presents an analysis of the range of veterinary antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs registered in the Russian Federation. The Russian Federation is a leader in the development and production of antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs registered on its territory. As of April 1, 2022, 575 antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs have been entered into the State Register of Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use. It was revealed that the largest number of drugs is presented in liquid dosage forms (337 drugs – 58.61%). It was found that the most common active ingredient in the studied preparations is enrofloxacin (contained in 68 preparations – 11.83%). The largest number of drugs (102 drugs – 17.74%) belongs to the group of tetracyclines. It was determined that the largest number of drugs is intended for pigs and birds (86 drugs – 14.96%). The average annual registration of antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs is 8% – 48 drugs per year. When assessing the dynamics of state registration of antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs for veterinary use, it can be noted that it is uneven.

De acordo com o governador, a decisão vale para todos que estejam em condições físicas adequadas, mesmo os que ainda não tomaram a vacina contra a Covid-19

The industrial manufacturing of natural products for veterinary use represents a major weakness in the veterinary sector despite increased interest and the traditional ancestral knowledge that supports them. A cross-sectional, descriptive observational study was conducted to characterize the veterinary herbal products marketed worldwide during 2018 and 2019. A comprehensive thematic search limited to the 2018-2019 period was performed in the ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ResearchGate, and Academic Search Complete databases. The investigation identified 487 products registered in the global market manufactured by 54 companies, led by India, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The market segments of animal production and phytomedicines were dominant with 73.7% and 53.0% of products, respectively. Cattle (22.2%), sheep-goats (16.2%), and canines (16.2%) were the most favored species. The most represented therapeutic indications were those intended to treat gastrointestinal disorders (30.47%), antimicrobials (16.66%), and antiparasitic agents (10.47%). The families Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Malvaceae, and Rutaceae stood out because of their frequent use, encompassing 35.0% of the 137 declared species. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees and Withania somnifera (Lin) Dunal were the most important species. Oral formulations for internal use (72%) and liquids (51%) in 100 mL, 500 mL, and 1 L presentations showed the highest prevalence on the market. The global market for veterinary herbal products during the 2018-2019 period was relevant in the productive and medical animal sector. No differences were found between medicinal plant species used to formulate herbal products for human and animal use.

Modern veterinary medical products, produced by “Bioveta”, and technologies, schemes and methods for regulating the hormonal status of cattle from the leading experts of “Bioveta”

Relevance: broad spectrum use of veterinary medical products, produced by “Bioveta”, as a guarantee of reproductive health and maintaining a high level of reproduction of cattle on livestock farms of any direction of breeding. Methods : a description of the therapeutic and biotechnical use of veterinary products. The introduction and application of modern protocols for synchronization of ovulation of cows with the timely use of high-quality hormonal products of “Bioveta”. Results: excellent results in terms of the reproductive health of cattle and significantly improving the level of reproduction on livestock farms in any direction of breeding.

Ways to increase the immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines against strangles

The results of the study on the specific prevention of infectious diseases in horses are presented. Methods have been developed to increase the immunogenicity of environmentally friendly vaccines against strangles, caused by the beta-hemolytic streptococcus – Sreptococcus equi. The work was carried out in laboratory conditions and horse breeding farms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The toxicity and immunogenicity of the vaccine was determined by conventional methods on young horses. Based on the study of the immunobiological reactivity of young horses, the use of immunomodulators in the development of inactivated vaccine preparations has been substantiated. Vaccines with immunomodulators were tested and registered in accordance with approved research methods for medicinal products for veterinary use. Polyribonate (polyvedrim) and culture liquid (fugate) from the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis TNP-3 were used in the composition of vaccines as an immunomodulator. To prepare a vaccine against strangles, strains of bacteria Streptococcus equi H-34 and Streptococcus equi "H-5/1" were used, which were deposited in the Russian State Collection of Microorganism Strains of the Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality. After immunization with inactivated vaccines containing immunomodulators, the effectiveness of vaccines increases by 20% and reaches 90%. Vaccines increase the body's immunobiological reactivity. The most effective were the “Tabyn” vaccine and the vaccine from the Streptococcus equi strain H-5/1 with fugate, the Bacillus subtilis strain TNP-3. The polyribonate vaccine was approved in Russia (2000), the “Tabyn” vaccine is used in Kazakhstan (2018). These vaccine preparations, which ensure high antiepizootic efficacy, are environmentally friendly, since they do not contain toxic substances and antibiotics.

Relatos de intoxicação humana e animal com produtos químicos de uso veterinário em Niterói, RJ

Introdução: A segurança química visa prevenir efeitos adversos sobre humanos, animais e ambiente. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de produtos veterinários e os relatos de intoxicação no município de Niterói, RJ. Método: Trata-se de estudo quali-quantitativo em que foram aplicados questionários e utilizada a observação participante em dois grupos populacionais, moradores de um condomínio e de uma colônia de pescadores. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 125 pessoas, 50 no condomínio e 75 na colônia. Houve predomínio de indivíduos com nível superior no condomínio e médio na colônia. A proporção de residências com animais domésticos foi superior à brasileira nos dois grupos. O uso de produtos veterinários era menor na colônia e, nessa, esses não eram prescritos pelo veterinário, ao contrário do grupo condomínio. Nos relatos de intoxicações, no condomínio, os animais foram mais expostos e, na colônia, as pessoas. Houve relato de intoxicação por aldicarbe, produto de comércio proibido. Conclusões: O uso de produtos veterinários era corriqueiro nos grupos estudados, mesmo sem orientação veterinária. É importante a realização de ações educativas para evitar a medicação de animais sem essa prescrição. A ocorrência de intoxicação por aldicarbe (chumbinho) chama atenção por se tratar de um produto proibido e extremamente tóxico, tornando-se fundamental o poder público aumentar a fiscalização sobre o comércio irregular desse produto.

Occurrence of antimicrobial residues in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets produced in Brazil and available at the retail market

This study was carried out to assess the occurrence of antimicrobial residues in samples of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets collected at the State of São Paulo retail market and produced from fish farmed in Brazil. For this purpose, a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was validated and used to quantify residues of 25 antibacterial drugs (2 β-lactams, 8 quinolones, 2 macrolides, 5 sulfonamides, 4 tetracyclines, 3 amphenicols and 1 sulfonamide potentiator). For the sample preparation step the QuEChERS approach was performed. Chromatographic separation was conducted using a Zorbax SB C18 column. Method validation was performed based on European and Brazilian guidelines. The validation parameters (linearity, intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, decision limit, detection capability and robustness) attended the adopted validation guidelines. Limits of detection and quantitation were also determined. Antimicrobial drug residues were quantitated in the incurred samples by using matrix-matched analytical curves. Oxytetracycline, florfenicol and, for the first time, enrofloxacin residues are reported in tilapia fillet samples from Brazil, though, in accordance with the European and Brazilian regulatory framework. Thus, our results draw attention to the use of veterinary products in fish farming in Brazil. Monitoring of veterinary drug residues is essential to ensure the safety of fish products available to the consumer, as well as to keep fish as a food commodity.