The article is devoted to the urgent problem of legal regulation of the use of unmanned aerial systems and unmanned aircraft in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of changes in Russian legislation that came out in 2023, an assessment of the main areas of use of unmanned aircraft systems in economic activities is carried out. The author characterizes the powers of the federal executive authorities in the field of ensuring public safety when using unmanned aircraft. The current directions of the legal regulation of unmanned aircraft flights in the Russian Federation are reviewed.