Use Of Underground Space Research Articles

Research on the Forecast of Urban Underground Space Demand

Forecasting the capacity demand of underground space is the difficulty and a heat point in urban planning and urban underground space development. Through the survey data of Shanghai underground space capacity in 2006 and 2008, this paper conducts an empirical study on forecasting the capacity demand of underground space using thespatial regression model as the classical model by applying tools of STATA, SPSS and ArcGIS. The study indicates that the scale of underground space development and use is in a significant positive relationship with the population density and GDP per capita, but is not relevant with the price of real estate. The characteristics are apparently different in the underground space development and use in Shanghai between the central and the rural area. The underground space development in Shanghai is at the stage of rapid promotion, and will keep increasing at a high speed. The paper reveals the development law of Shanghai underground space development and the method of forecasting the capacity of underground space so as to provide theoretical analysis tool for development of underground space in Shanghai and other cities.

The role of underground urbanization in Samara city geological processes

In all largest cities due to lack of territory there is an intensification of underground space use - underground urbanization. It allows finding solutions to transport and environmental problems while preserving the unique appearance of the city’s historical cents. However, the process of underground space development leads to activation of some exogenous processes, which may lead to negative consequences. More than one million people live in Samara city, subway line is built, there are subway objects of industrial and defense importance (bunkers) reaching considerable depth. Active underground construction leads to strengthening of geological processes (weathering, karst formation, suffosia, etc.), change of strength properties of rocks, violation of natural hydrological regime of the territory. By the example of Samara, stages of underground urbanization of the city were studied and its influence on geological processes was considered. Results of studying existing use of city underground space are described. Taking into account geological and geomorphological regionalization of the city, the areas, which underground space development is the most undesirable, were identified.

Wykorzystanie podziemi: krok w kierunku zrównoważonego rozwoju w prowincji Chuzestan w Iranie

Reducing the consumption of fossil fuels using underground spaces has a significant impact on the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. In this study, the soil layers temperature and thermal comfort in these layers were investigated to make the underground spaces in Khuzestan province. The average summer temperature in the central of Province is about 38°C, which is far from the comfort of the temperature. The surface annual temperature fluctuation in the Province varies from 23.5 in the north of the province to 28.5 °C in the southeast. Investigating the temperature fluctuation in the soil layers shows that it decreases with increasing depth, so that at a depth of 10 meters, the temperature fluctuation is approximately zero and it is equal to the annual average temperature. Therefore to 10 m depth, temperature fluctuation decreases by increasing the depth. The use of underground spaces in the Province can be taken in coping with heat and extreme sunlight, reducing energy and controlling dust and has positive effect on economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.

Analysis on the Development of Tokyo Rail Transit and Its Enlightenment to Chengdu

With the introduction of the intensive urban development model, urban rail transit, as a rapidly developing inter-city spatial association network, has become increasingly prominent in promoting social and economic development and has an important influence on the shaping of regional spatial structure. Taking the practical experience of Japan’s rail transit development as an example, this article first combs its development history and summarizes the three organizational characteristics of its development model: diversified business entities, TOD model, and efficient use of underground space. On this basis, it summarizes Japan’s success. Experience and design techniques for the utilization of underground space, and put forward several optimized development suggestions based on the current status and problems of the development of urban rail transit hub in Chengdu, providing reference and reference for building a multi-mode, multi-level, and coordinated regional integrated rail transit system For reference, in order to better play the supporting role of rail transit network on the development and growth of urban agglomerations in our country.

ОСВОЄННЯ ПІДЗЕМНОГО ПРОСТОРУ ЯК ВИРІШЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМ УРБАНІЗАЦІЇ МІСТ

The article examines the study of the development of modernization and transformation of the urban environment. Some issues of underground space development in urban conditions are considered, the stages of evolution of underground urban planning are singled out and characterized. Examples of development and rational use of underground space are given and analyzed. The underground space is considered as a valuable renewable georesource of the metropolis, which can actively contribute to the sustainable development of the city. This should take into account a number of factors that affect the ecology of the underground environment, the state of the hydrogeological environment and existing buildings and structures. Overconcentration of population, infrastructure and industrial production leads to overload of the geoecological and hydrogeological environment. In domestic and foreign practice there is a tendency to combine trade and household enterprises, entertainment, cultural, educational, administrative and sports institutions, transport facilities in large complexes with an underground part. The main meaning of the development of underground space - saving surface area within the city. This method of reconstruction of urban spaces is used mainly in the areas of the most intensive traffic flows and intersections, in the areas of industrial nodes and areas of utility and warehousing.

Higher education institutions energy efficient methods of functional planning solution

The article determines that the priority factor of energy efficiency at the design stage is the optimal functional and planning solution of educational buildings; established architectural and planning techniques aimed at improving energy efficiency of higher education institutions, including compaction of educational institutions, clear zoning, implementation of compact architectural and planning solutions for educational buildings and structures, blocking in one or adjacent areas of several free economic cooperation with cooperative use of engineers increasing the number of storeys of buildings, the use of underground space and landscaping in the architectural and planning solution of buildings.

Evaluation of the Influencing Factors of Using Underground Space of Abandoned Coal Mines to Store Hydrogen Based on the Improved ANP Method

Storage is currently a major obstacle to the promotion of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen storage in abandoned coal mines can achieve the effective use of underground space while meeting the growing demand for energy storage facilities, which can bring economic and environmental benefits. However, research in this area has been limited to the conceptual discussion stage, without establishing a scientific evaluation method for the potential of modifying and utilizing abandoned coal mine space. In this study, based on the analytic network process (ANP), the Apriori algorithm is introduced to mine the association rules for various influencing factors. First, the Apriori algorithm is applied to mine association rules between indicators, eliminate unnecessary influence relationships, simplify the network structure model, and optimize the ANP weight calculation results; second, the solution method of judgment matrix is improved with triangular fuzzy numbers, and the index weight is solved by fuzzy nine marks instead of the method of nine scale, which is convenient for experts to give the fuzzy scale while better reflecting the opinions of experts. Finally, the ANP algorithm is applied to rank the weights of the obtained influencing factors, discuss the main factors with higher weights, and analyze the feasibility of converting candidate coal mines into hydrogen storage facilities using the derived evaluation method in the case study. The evaluation methods and conclusions presented in this study provide analytical tools and a decision basis for analyzing the feasibility of converting underground space of abandoned coal mines into hydrogen storage facilities and assessing the economic indicators.

Out of sight � out of regulation? Underground space governance in the UK

Underground space has been used by humans for thousands of years: for example, to extract mineral resources or water. Against the background of increasing populations, urbanisation, and energy demand, underground space has come back into focus, promising to ease pressure above the surface. However, geological underground models deliver only frameworks for possible uses and we do not know much about the context between geological characteristics and human uses, demands, and changes of underground space. Moreover, governing underground space can be complicated as it involves conflicting objectives and regulatory frameworks. One key objective, therefore, must be to conceptualise and implement new approaches to underground governance, taking into account its diverse uses and various stakeholders� claims. This article introduces the current situation of underground space governance and regulation in the UK, discussing different themes, such as property rights, regulation, planning, groundwater, fracking, and the future of underground space use exemplified by the storage of nuclear waste.

Smart technology applications for the optimal management of underground facilities

This study centers on the use of smart technology to improve the lifecycle management of underground facilities. It presents a comprehensive digital solution that addresses the challenges of underground facilities, particularly those related to the extensive use of underground space, as well as the requirements for safety, sustainability, and quality of services. The proposed solution emerged from discussions with experts, companies, and cities involved in the design, construction, and management of underground facilities. In this paper, we first discuss the major challenges of underground facilities, then, we present the development of a smart solution to address these challenges. This study demonstrates a promising perspective for the use of smart technology in the optimal management of underground facilities, and paves the way for its implementation.

Towards standardisation of Turkish cadastral system using LADM with 3D cadastre

Cadastre in Turkey is executed as two-dimensional (2D) and parcel-based. The third dimension (3D) on land and real estate is shown in 2D on the map with permanent rights. The use of underground spaces cannot be registered. There are various problems in the registration and mapping of real estates that are under or above these excluded places. The research was motivated by some problems that have taken place in the Turkey 3D cadastre due to the inadequate spatial information systems. For this purpose, it is aimed to design a 3D cadastre country profile that takes into account the Turkish National Spatial Data Infrastructure (TUCBS in Turkish) land registry and cadastral data model and is compatible with the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), which is defined within ISO 19152. In this study presents a detailed overview of the Turkish legal cadastre system and a proposal for realisation based on international standards.

Assessing the Economic Risk of Building Damage due to the Tunneling-Induced Settlement Using Monte Carlo Simulations and BIM

Due to the increasing use of underground space to align with sustainability needs, geohazard risk assessments have become a valuable tool for decision-making. One common issue in relation to urban geohazard assessments relates to ground movements due to tunneling affecting adjacent buildings. A framework for assessing costs related to subsequent building damage, using integrated data, statistics and considering the uncertainties involved, is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology provides an integration of Monte Carlo simulations to support uncertainty estimations with an analysis for building-damage cost risk due to tunneling-induced settlements. The analysis involves analytical models using green-field conditions and a typically used building damage assessment method. BIM is capable of collating, combining and visualizing information with advanced analysis techniques into a risk-based tool. The resulting tool provides a clear way of assessing building-damage costs risk due to tunneling-induced settlements. This uses a BIM-based environment and incorporates 3D visualizations and an integrated analysis via MATLAB to reveal and highlight hazardous areas and the severity of economic risk along the tunneling route. This informs the need for additional ground investigations or secondary analyses to ensure engineering processes reduce or remove the risk of economic damage and advance sustainable decision-making.

지하공간 활용을 위한 토지소유권 효력범위 제한에 관한 검토

대도시의 토지부족 현상을 해결하기 위한 입체적 토지이용의 일환으로 구분지상권 등을 활용한 지상 혹은 지하공간 구조물들을 건설하는 공공사업 등이 진행되고 있으나 여전히 토지의 사용권원 획득에 어려움이 있다. 이의 해결을 위하여 토지소유권의 효력범위를 정당한 이익 범위 내로 제한하는 민법 제212조에 비추어 공공사업 등을 위하여 일괄적으로 토지소유권의 효력범위를 제한하는 것이 가능한지를 검토하여 보았다. 그리하여 일정 심도 이하의 지하공간 혹은 일정 높이 이상의 공중공간에 대하여는 토지소유권의 효력을 부인하고 있는 해외사례 등을 살펴본 결과, 우리 실정에는 소위 한계심도 이하의 지하공간을 공물화하는 방식이 가장 적합할 것으로 생각된다. 이를 위하여 현재 민법 제212조상 ‘정당한 이익의 범위’를 ‘법령이 정하는 범위’로 개정하고 특별법상으로는 한계심도에 의하여 토지소유권의 효력범위를 제한함을 밝히고 동법 시행령상으로는 한계심도의 구체적 기준을 정함이 바람직할 것이다.

Effective Use of Underground Space in the Toranomon Hills Development

Effective Use of Underground Space in the Toranomon Hills Development

Legal Consideration on Public Use of Underground Space

Legal Consideration on Public Use of Underground Space

A simulation study on fire safety aspects of rock cavern accommodating high occupant load

Rock caverns are heralded as the next frontier in metropolitan development around the world as the likes of Hong Kong striving to plough through continuous urbanization without undue sacrifices in health and safety. Meanwhile, the use of underground space in densely developed urban areas such as Hong Kong will offer good opportunities for creation of space, enhancement of connectivity and improvement of the urban environment. Underground space can also be used to house new facilities or relocate existing above-ground facilities that are incompatible with the urban setting, thereby releasing valuable surface land for other beneficial and compatible land uses. Generally speaking, a number of natural and man-made disasters such as fire, explosions, earthquakes, and flood are factored into the design of cavern and underground space. By far, fire is the most serious concern due to its associated risks in evacuation difficulties, barriers to fire service intervention, lack of natural ventilation, and the reliability of power supplies. In this connection, the existing rock caverns in Hong Kong were not designed for accommodating high occupant loads. On the other hand, in accordance with the strategic planning of rock cavern development in Hong Kong, facilities intended for accommodating high occupant load such as indoor sports hall and museum are recommended to be relocated to rock cavern. To this end, key scientific criteria affecting fire phenomena in rock cavern such as potential fire size, occupant load, geometry, location and topography, etc. of the rock caverns and their corresponding effects should be identified and studied so as to address the said inherent risks and formulate a secure fire safety design.This paper aims at exploring the feasibility of the rock caverns to be utilized as space for accommodating high occupant loads in Hong Kong. The policy and direction of the rock cavern development in Hong Kong are introduced. The inherent risks of rock caverns and underground space in relation to fire safety are elaborated as well. Fire safety strategies of some existing overseas rock cavern projects accommodating high occupant load are discussed. The evacuation situations for an overseas rock cavern at its designed maximum and different occupant loadings were also simulated. In addition, the effects of different fire locations, heat release rates and occupant loadings at three types of access tunnel, namely, horizontal, ascending, and descending tunnels leading to a cubic cavern space were studied using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based software, the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), as well. The time to reach tenability limits and predicted total evacuation time for different scenarios are compared and analyzed. Various correlations of key scientific criteria affecting fire phenomena in rock cavern are identified and discussed. Subsequently, according to the predicted results, recommendations in terms of fire safety considerations on relocating public utilities with high occupant load into caverns are recommended.

Reliability-based design of lining structures for underground space against water seepage

The use of underground spaces is becoming increasingly important in this era of rapid urbanization and population growth. However, underground spaces are susceptible to water ingress, which may trigger the deterioration of their structural performance and reduce their serviceability. This highlights the importance of the proper design of lining structures with an emphasis on water penetration. This study develops a reliability-based approach to guide the design of lining structures used for underground spaces. The equivalent depth of water seepage is considered for a two-dimensional lining structure in the presence of the randomness and spatial correlation of the water seepage distribution. The probabilistic behavior of the equivalent seepage depth that is derived serves as the basis for reliability-based design of lining structures. A simple design criterion is developed. An example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.

Study on the Design of the Upper Space Parking Lot of Urban Multi-layer Tunnels

In recent years, with the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process, underground parking lots have developed rapidly, and they are continuously moving towards intelligence. Based on the multi-layer tunnel section of the Xiamen Haicang Subsea Tunnel, this paper conducts theoretical research on the liquid analysis of the surrounding area of the tunnel area, the graphic design of the parking lot, the architectural design, the function, and the fire prevention design. The research results are of great significance to the rational use of urban underground space, increase the utilization rate of underground parking lots and ease parking difficulties.

Offer of solutions on the development of projects of energy-efficient underground multifunctional complexes and public buildings in Ukraine

Problem statement.Today, mankind is faced with the need to solve complex problems related to climate change, emissions of-products of the industrial enterprises into the atmosphere of the planet and as a consequence an increase of the greenhouse effect, man-made disasters, the constant increase of the world population. People need to learn to survive in these difficult conditions and make every effort to prevent in the future the development of negative phenomena. Try to solve these tasks by building energy-efficient underground multifunctional complexes and public buildings (hotels, social and educational institutions, pharmacies, shops, gyms). A long staying under the ground entails a series of transformations of the body: changes in the balance of fluid in the body – within a year, it significantly reduces in the biochemical composition of the human body there will be several new minerals, which are unavoidably inhaled by the person under the ground, vitamin Ddeficiency, hormonal changes, deterioration in psychological state. In the near future, healthy living environments, providing optimal conditions for work, life, leisure and movement of the urban population will depend on the effective use of underground space in urban areas. The purpose of the article is to offer a solution for the development of projects of energy-efficient underground multifunctional complexes and public buildings in Ukraine. Conclusions: energy-efficient underground public buildings solve the problem of construction of high-rise buildings in historically valuable urban residential development, freeing up space above ground for residential buildings and recreational areas as well as conserving natural resources, improving the environmental condition, increasing energy conservation resources in Ukraine.

Use of underground space in creating a comfortable environment of a modern city

The study is devoted to urgent problems of developing the underground space of cities. The article considers urban underground spaces as a reserve of additional area, due to which it is possible to increase comfort and improve the quality of life of people. The issues of lack of free urban land are studied, and the possibility of organizing multilevel, convenient and safe pedestrian-transport communications in the urban environment is also being considered. The innovative approach to solving this issue requires an integrated approach, taking into account the variety of factors affecting the formation of the underground structure of urban space. Based on the theoretical and practical experience in the design and construction of underground structures, the positive and negative sides of the development of the underground space were formulated. The use of underground space in cities demonstrates the possibility of a comprehensive solution to a wide range of urban, economic and environmental problems.

Study on the behavior of squared and sub-rectangular tunnels using the Hyperstatic Reaction Method

Abstract Circular tunnels are usually encountered when excavating in weak soil medium at shallow depth and using shield machines. However, special shaped tunnels such as squared tunnels and sub-rectangular tunnels are also recently used to improve the efficiency of underground space use. This paper focuses on improving the performance of the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM), which is a numerical method, for the case of squared or sub-rectangular tunnels. Special attention is paid to the tunnel shape influence by using various tunnel wall radii. The numerical HRM model was validated based on a comparison with the finite element method (FEM). The results indicated that HRM can be effectively used to estimate the behavior of squared or sub-rectangular tunnels. Then a parametric study was conducted to highlight the influence of the earth pressure coefficient and of the soil Young’s modulus on the structural forces, and deformations induced by the excavation in the tunnel lining.