Use Of Translation Techniques Research Articles

On the Translation of the Names of the French Courts into Russian

Being part of the culture of a particular state, law is also always national in its content. Consequently, the peculiarity of the language of law is due to its connection with the legal system of the state, the reflection of which it is. Thus, a certain conceptual and terminological apparatus is formed, taking into account the legal features inherent in a single state.In this article, the author is limited to considering the use of translation techniques on the example of translating the names of the French judicial authorities and determining occasional correspondences in the absence of an equivalent or variant correspondence to the French term in Russian.A short analysis allows the author to argue that the complexity of translating legal terms is primarily due to differences in the legal systems of countries, difficulties in finding the necessary terms, which implies the presence of not only a sufficient vocabulary in this area, knowledge of grammar, but also an understanding of the specifics of the system. The translation should not be reduced to a free interpretation of the legal term of the original language and not literal transmission, but transcoding into the translation language with the fullest possible preservation of its meaning by means of the translation language. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the recipient in order to clearly bring the semantic content to his consciousness.

AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE IN DEAR JOHN NOVEL BY NICHOLAS SPARKS

This research aims to analyze the use of translation techniques contained in the letters to the novel Dear John by Nicholas Sparks. The research method used is text analysis with a qualitative approach. Data is collected with observation techniques, library studies, and document analysis. The analysis and interpretation of the research data were carried out and studied by following the six steps of the qualitative data analysis techniques adopted by Creswell (2009) through the comparison analysis between the original text in English and the translation in Indonesian, with a focus on the selection of appropriate matches to express the correspondence, language style, and meaning of the letters. The results of the study showed that the translators used seven translation techniques out of 18 developed by Molina and Albir (2002), namely using literal techniques at 35.3%, Transposition techniques at 17.7%, generalization, amplification, and adaptation techniques at 11.8%, and modulation and borrowing techniques at 5.8%. The most commonly used technique is the literal technique.

Translation techniques used and its shift in Stranger Things movie

The use of inappropriate translation techniques can cause distortion and a shift in meaning from the source language to the target language. In addition, the limited space for writing words in subtitles is a challenge for a translator. This study reviewed the use of translation techniques for expressions of fear that were realized in the form of sentences and the shifts that occured as a result of using these techniques. The data were the subtitles of the film Stranger Things season 1. To analyze the data, the researcher used a qualitative content analysis model (Santosa, 2021). In this study, the researcher used the theory of translation techniques (Molina & Albir, 2002). All data were expressions of fear in both English (SL) and Indonesian (TL). In addition, in analyzing the data, the researcher was assisted by two translation experts in analyzing the use of techniques and shifts that occurred in the translation data. In this study, the most widely used technique was established equivalent. With this technique, the translation results sounded natural in the target language. However, the use of reduction and discursive creation techniques distorted the meaning. Specifically, discursive creation distorted meaning in the target language; meanwhile reduction techniques caused a reduction of information. Furthermore, this study found that there was a shift in the function of commanding speech into asking speech due to the use of inappropriate translation techniques.

The Translation of Proper Nouns in Victoria Aveyard’s Red Queen Novel from English to Indonesia

This study deals with the translation of proper nouns found in Red Queen novel by Victoria Aveyard into Indonesian. It aimed to (1) analyze the types of proper nouns used in the novel, (2) investigate the translation techniques used in translating the proper nouns into Indonesian, and (3) reveal the translation techniques which were dominantly used in translating the proper nouns into Indonesian. This study utilized a descriptive qualitative approach. The data in forms of words and phrases were collected using documentation technique. Then, the data dealing with the types of proper nouns were analyzed using Newmark’s theory, while those dealing with the use of translation techniques were analyzed using Molina and Albir’s theory. The result showed that there were 185 data which were divided into two types of proper nouns, namely (1) people’s names, and (2) names of object. Meanwhile, there were 9 translation techniques proposed by Molina and Albir used in translating the proper nouns, namely (1) amplification, (2) borrowing, (3) calque, (4) compensation, (5) discursive creation, (6) established equivalent, (7) linguistic amplification, (8) literal translation, and (9) reduction. Additionally, there were two dominant techniques used, namely borrowing and calque techniques.

Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Melalui Metode Penerjemahan Arab-Indonesia Dalam Syair Syaikh Ahmad Bin Yahya An-Najmiy

This study aims to describe and describe the techniques and methods of translating Arabic into Indonesian in Syaikh Ahmad Bin Yahya An-Najmiy's poetry. This research uses descriptive analysis method and qualitative approach. The source of the data in this study was a YouTube video with a duration of 1 minute 48 seconds from the "sharing information" channel with the title "Poems of Shaykh Ahmad Bin Yahya An Najmi Rahimahulloh about spending time with good deeds" and data in the form of Arabic poetry and translated sentences. by Al Ustadz Abu Amr Ridwan Al Ambooniy hafidzohulloh ta'ala. Based on the results of the analysis, 10 techniques were found out of a total of 50 techniques used by translators in 112 data, namely; literal (23), omission (8), inversion (4), natural borrowing (1), amplification (5), addition (3), adaptation (2), discursive creation (1), generalization (1), and conventional equivalence (2). The dominant technique applied is the addition technique, this is done to help convey the message or make it easier for the reader to understand. The translation method that tends to be applied by translators from the results of an analysis of the use of translation techniques and the type of text in the form of vocative is the communicative method.

Особенности перевода неологизмов в экономическом дискурсе английского языка

The aim of the study is to identify the main difficulties in translating neologisms or new meanings of words, since they are often not available in dictionaries, including specialised ones. The paper examines the generally accepted methods of neologisms translation and analyses specific examples from economic articles of the English-language newspaper ‘The Guardian’. The author attempts to shed light on the possible ways to overcome the difficulties of translating new words or new meanings of existing words that have appeared in connection with the current socio-economic situation, using an interdisciplinary approach that combines linguistic and economic knowledge in a coherent and coordinated way. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in identifying the main characteristics of neologisms as the linguistic representatives of the realities of modern post-pandemic economics in lexicographic and discursive aspects and as a strategic communicative unit that enhances the role of economic discourse. The results of the study reflect the use of translation techniques (calque, transcription and transliteration, descriptive translation and search for words or phrases that have full correspondence in another language) when translating economic neologisms, including strategies for their translation based on economic knowledge and awareness in a specific economic environment, as well as the processes of development of the lexical subsystem of modern English.

Road to specialised translation: how to manage a general translation course (spanish > english)

The translation process constitutes an essential part in every translator’s professional training. Translation students should be familiarised with several textual genres of different difficulties. The aim of this study is to show the importance of including semi-specialised texts in general translation subjects. To do so, a selection of semi-specialised texts was included together with more general topics. Thanks to this, translation students can learn how to deal with general and semi-specialised documents by giving their critical views in a cooperative environment. They additionally improved in the correct use of translation techniques in both types of text.

Translation Analysis of Speech Act Accommodating Verbal Bullying Events in the Serial Netflix “Sex Education” Film Season 1 and 2

This study aims to describe the use of translation techniques and the quality of speech act translation accommodating verbal bullying events. This study is a qualitative descriptive research which is a type of content analysis research with a single case study on subtitle films. The data were collected by using document analysis techniques and the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method with the aim of obtaining the validity of the data. The results show that there are 176 data on verbal bullying speech and there are 656 data at the micro level in speech that used 13 types of translation techniques including establish equivalent with a percentage of 66%, variation 11.1%, implication 6.4%, borrowing 6.1%, paraphrase 3%, 2.6% modulation, 2% explicitation, 0.6% adaptation, 0.6% compensation, 0.43% reduction, 0.3% linguistic compression, 0.3% transposition, and 0.1% discursive creation. Then, the translation quality assessment is based on 3 assessment criteria, namely accuracy, acceptability, and readability.

Techniques and methods of translation in short story Is That So? I’m A Giraffe by Min-gyu Park

The same is true of the Indonesian translation of a Korean short story. Undoubtedly, the process is not simple. This study aims to find out the use of translation techniques, the use of translation methods, and the application of translation techniques and methods used in equivalents of the short story Is That So? I’m a Giraffe by Min-Gyu Park and using Molina and Albir's theory of translation techniques, Newmark's theory of translation method, and Nida and Taber's equivalence theory. This study used a descriptive qualitative method by analyzing the words, phrases, clauses, and sentences contained in the short story as the data source. The note-taking technique was also used. The results of the data analysis showed that there were ten translation techniques and eight translation methods used in translating the text. The modulation technique was the most frequently used technique with 172 occurrences, and the free translation method was the most common method with 176 occurrences. Based on these results, the translation of the short story is included in the dynamic equivalence which is more concerned with the meaning of the target language.

Translation Quality of Arabic Directive Speech Acts in Pandemic’s Book: An Attempt to Delve into Covid-19

This study aimed to describe the types of directive speech acts, the use of translation techniques, and the quality of the Indonesian translation of the book Badzl al-Mâ'ûn fi Fadhl ath-Thâ'ûn. This research used descriptive analysis to describe the findings; the qualitative was chosen as the method of this study. Consequently, the data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's and Spradley's models. The results of this study stated that there were 60 data consisting of eight directive speech act types, where the frequency of using the technique was found 527 times for 15 techniques. Of the 60 data, 32 were translated accurately, acceptably, and with a high degree of readability and fell into the 'good' category. The average score for translation quality was 2.69. The study's contribution was to analyze Arabic texts translated into Indonesian using pragmatic models and measure their quality so that readers can quickly grasp the pandemic study from the perspective of the Arabic text.

An analysis of translation techniques and translation quality “The Boss Baby” serial movie on Netflix

This manuscript is based on the study which attempted to examine the use of translation techniques and translation quality used by the translator in script “The Boss Baby” serial movie on Netflix. The objectives of the research are 1) to find out the translation techniques used in movie, 2) to explain the translation quality of movie, 3) to find out the effect of using the translation techniques in translation quality of the movie. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The results of this research are as follows; 1) the author found 171 data and nine kinds of translation techniques; 2) the author found translation quality of the movie, the scale of accurate (77,79%), less accurate (4,67%), inaccurate (17,54%); acceptability (87,72%), less acceptability (10,52%), unacceptability (1,75%); and readability (81,28%), less readability (14,61%), unreadability (4,10%); 3) the effect of used translation techniques in translation quality of the movie is qualified translation, because the highest frequency on the first scale that has 3 point in every parameters accurately (77,79%), acceptability (87,72%), and readability (81,28%).

Translation techniques and strategies in the teaching of english to foreign language professors

The following paper presents an analysis about the use of different translation strategies and techniques as tools in the teaching of English for professors of foreign languages. Translation, as well as grammar and phonetics, is one of the basic procedures of great importance in the teaching of English, although over the years the viewpoints about the topic have been changing. The teaching of translation is a constant in foreign language syllabi, implementing new teaching methods based on new theoretical and practical orientations emerged over the years. The objective of the paper is to approach theoretical aspects about different translation techniques and strategies and the benefits they bring to the training of foreign language teachers in Cuba. The main results show a positive change in the use of translation techniques and strategies by students of English language

Translation Strategies and Its Implications for Cultural Transference

Previous studies have shown how the translation of Chinese texts into English holds certain problems. With this research, the aim is to understand whether best practices can be found, taking into consideration different types of translation strategies. In order to find an answer, different translation techniques and literature on this topic are discussed. When translating, it is of great importance to keep in mind what the English reader appreciates and values. In order to understand which techniques should be used, the perspective of the reception theory is employed within this research. Moreover, cultural sensitivity is extremely important in the reception of Chinese texts for English readers. In order to conduct an evaluation, the different techniques are consulted by researching well-known and well-received translations. The four strategies used to do this are foreignization, annotation, reader-oriented strategy and radical alteration. These analyses of translations result in several implications for the use of translation techniques. Cultural sensitivity can be applied especially by use of annotation, the reader-oriented strategy or a combination of the two. These two strategies can most effectively contextualize the text for the reader, retain a pleasurable reading experience and transfer Chinese culturally loaded words into English.

TEACHING LEGAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY THE CASE METHOD IN RUSSIAN-ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAIR

Purpose of the study: The study aims to find parallels between legal translation practice and training by analyzing the case study methods' capabilities and limitations in academic institutions. It presents a comparative research of various situations of professional communication and legal documents employed as learning tools for the case study method in a classroom environment.
 Methodology: The primary methods used in this research are case study method, analysis of ESP teaching materials, methods of comparative linguistics, descriptive statistics, and translation studies. The study rests on the use of translation techniques in Russian-English translation of case briefs that is why the author used algorithm-based machine translation software and grammar analysis software for in-depth analysis of legal documents.
 Main Findings: Regular exercise following the suggested patterns of language training based on comparative legal case studies improves the relative translation competence and students' readiness for written and oral 'on-the-spot' translation in Russian-English language pair. It develops professional cross-cultural communication skills at the end of the final semester of Legal English training.
 Applications of this study: The results of the research, including the suggested exercise patterns for implementing the case study method in teaching Russian-English translation, may be used as Legal English learning tools. Besides, some results of the research may contribute to the improvement of output quality of machine translation systems and the development of legal tech software.
 Novelty of this study: The article presents a case study method used in legal translation training and task design for advanced levels of Legal English. The secondary goal is to find teaching methods that may enhance the learning motivation of Legal English students by realistic scenarios of business simulation games. The novelty aspect is the practical use of adjustable frames in task design.

О типах переводческих трансформаций как способах передачи эквивалентного содержания высказывания юридического дискурса (на материале Семейного кодекса РФ)

Юридический текст представляет собой разновидность дискурса институционального типа. Структурно-синтаксическая организация, стилистическое оформление, функционально-прагматический потенциал и семантика ключевых номинант высказывания юридического дискурса подчинены тематике сообщения и детерминируются целью коммуникации. В рамках данной статьи автор обращается к сопоставительному анализу оригинала и англоязычной версии перевода Семейного Кодекса РФ. Основная задача исследования – анализ специфики передачи эквивалентности юридического перевода с позиции разных уровней теории эквивалентности – прагматического, семантического, синтаксического – через призму многоуровневой переводческой модели, разработанной В. Н. Комиссаровым, и посредством обращения к типам переводческих трансформаций. Переводческие трансформации рассматриваются как языковые выражения, полученные вследствие технических приемов перевода, сводимых к замене исходного текста некоторыми нерегулярными (контекстуальными) соответствиями. В ходе исследования выявлены особенности «функционирования» переводческих трансформаций, влияющие на разные уровни теории эквивалентности: симметрия и асимметрия структурно-синтаксической организации высказывания, маркированная «внедрением» новой лексической единицы в отрезок речи, изменение тональности высказывания, появление новых коннотаций за счет этимологически репрезентированного знания или других инференциальных характеристик исследуемых единиц. В качестве факторов, модифицирующих тональность высказывания, мы выделяем следующие: смещение коммуникативного центра высказывания, усиление или ослабление эмфазы внутри отрезка речи, наличие «скрытой» семы. В качестве основных методов исследования в работе обозначены компонентный, дефиниционный, этимологический, концептуальный и контекстуальный анализ, представляющие комплексный подход к исследованию высказывания юридического дискурса как единой «пирамиды».

A series of exercises for teaching translation of French texts in the field of computer science to students-philologists

A series of exercises on the topic Types of software aimed at mastering students-philologists competence in writing translation of French scientific and technical texts have been elaborated within our research. Two stages of training have been proposed: analytical and basic, each of which involves performing certain types and groups of exercises aimed at acquiring specific knowledge in the field of informatics, developing the ability to analyze lexical and grammatical features of scientific and technical texts, in particular structural and semantic characteristics of terminological units of the original language and the means of their reproduction in the translation language, improving the skills of justified and effective use of translation techniques and transformations, and editing skills of the translated text.

TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES USED IN THE TRANSLATION OF THE TALE OF TOM KITTEN DONE BY DHARMASISWA STUDENTS OF STIBA SARASWATI DENPASAR

The differences in two linguistic and cultural systems have made obstacles in translation. Thus, this research is aimed at analysing the translation technique used by the student in translating the narrative text. The data focused on the translation of The Tale of Tom Kitten from English to Indonesian done by ten students of BIPA (Indonesian for non-native speaker) Dharmasiswa at STIBA Saraswati Denpasar. The method of collecting the data in this research was direct observation method. It observed directly through the translation of the fable. There were two techniques used in collecting the data. The first was reading the English version of The Tale of Tom Kitten and the Indonesian translation done by the students. The second technique was choosing the sentences that represent the use of translation techniques in translating the narrative text. The data collected were analysed through descriptive qualitative method. The data analysed were the results of the research. The translation strategies used to translate the narrative text were analysed. The techniques of analyzing the data followed three steps. First, the data represented the translation strategies use in translation was noted. Then, it was analyzed the type of the translations techniques used to translate the sentences from English into Indonesian. The result found that there were four types of techniques used by the students to translate The Tale of Tom Kitten. They are literal technique, establish equivalent technique, reduction technique, and amplification technique.

Techniques of Translating Adele’s 25 Album into Indonesian and The Naturalness Quality

This research focuses on analyzing the use of translation techniques and the naturalness of the translated lyrics. The objectives of the study were to investigate the translation techniques used to translate song lyrics and to identify the naturalness in translated lyrics of Adele's 25 album songs. This research was done qualitatively. This research applied the translation technique classification proposed by Molina and Albir (2002:509-511) and the naturalness assessment proposed by Nababan (2012). Data analysis was done by comparing the original language and the translated lyrics version to find out the most used of translation techniques. The rater survey was also done by asking 20 respondents to find out the naturalness level of the translated lyrics. The results of the study showed that there were 276 data of the translated lyrics and 11 translation techniques found in this research. Literal translation technique was the most frequent used, followed by Linguistic compression. Some other translation techniques were used moderately such as, Established equivalent, reduction, and discursive creation. The rest techniques were used in low frequency such as modulation, amplification, compensation, linguistic amplification, transposition, and particularization. In terms of naturalness assessed by twenty respondents found that around 61.95% of the data were considered natural translation, 28.80% were less natural and 9.23% were unnatural. The translation techniques with the highest naturalness were Linguistic amplification technique with a percentage 68.18%, particularization was contributing most to less natural translation with percentage 45%, and the transposition technique was contributing most to unnatural translation with percentage 23%. From the data, it can be concluded that the translated lyrics of Adele's 25 album were mostly natural.
 Keywords: Song; Lyric; Translation Techniques; Naturalness

Appraisal in Bilingual Tourism Information Media: Developing an SFL-Based Translation Model

<em>Tourism information media is aimed at giving positive image of Indonesian tourism to international tourists. In linguistics, especially in systemic functional linguistics, herewith SFL, the attempt to create positive or negative image of a text is studied through appraisal theory. It deals with how the authors position themselves and how the readers are positioned in the text. However, when dealing with bilingual texts, the meaning shift is highly likely because the translation of the source language may not have the same appraisal features, i.e. attitude, engagement, and graduation. Therefore, an SFL-based translation model is needed to accommodate this issue. As far as the authors observe, there is no SFL-based translation model accommodating tourism texts (Nugroho, Septemuryantoro, and Lewa, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to develop an SFL-based translation model by intertwining appraisal theory (Martin and Rose, 2013), translation techniques (Molina and Albir, 2002), and translation quality assessment (Nababan et al, 2012). By applying critical literature review, the authors analyzed the application of these theories in sample data taken from four information media, namely brochure, booklet, website, and book. Furthermore, by using Flesch readability test, the authors were able to select some parts of the media which are considered “hard to read”. The result of this study reveals that there is a minimum shift of appraisal features found in the bilingual tourism media. It happens because the translators mostly employ established equivalent technique to translate the texts. However, the positive result mentioned previously does not go hand in hand with the quality of the translation. Therefore, to bridge the outcome between the appraisal features of source and target languages reflected through the use of translation techniques and the assessment result of their translation quality, the authors need to generate a holistic SFL-based translation model. </em>

THE ANALYSIS ON TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND TRANSLATION QUALITY OF CHINESE CULTURE SOCIAL TERM

<p><em>The Chinese cultural term is one of the main problems in translation. This study aims to analyze the translation which is the Chinese social cultural term, translation techniques, and the impact of the use of translation techniques on the quality of translation which includes aspects of accuracy, acceptability, and readybility. This research employs a descriptive qualitative with case study and oriented to the translation product. The source of data take from documents selected with purposive sampling technique and the discussion result with raters and informant. The document refer to Stempel Tiongkok: Kumpulan Karya Li Lanqing Dalam Pameran Seni Ukir dan Kaligrafi with its translated text. Data reaserch contains Chinese culture term which are word or phrase. The technique of collecting data used consisted of analysis of documents, quisioner and interview to raters and informants. Data were analyzed using ethnographic analysis, which consisting of domain, taxonomy, and componential analysis until found its cultural theme. From the analysis found 12 data and 7translation technique. They are using adaptation techniques, lending, common equivalent, linguistic compression, variation, deskrutif creation, transposition. Good translation techniques are common equivalent, linguistic compression, lending, variation. Translation techniques are not good deskrusif creations and adaptations.</em></p>