Use Of Geographic Information Systems Research Articles

Mapping of immunization coverage using Geographic Information system (GIS) technology in urban slums of central Karnataka, India

Introduction: Immunization is an essential component of public health programs and the most cost effective intervention. Despite having a robust and well-functioning health system in India some states face reduction in immunization coverage which needs to be improved. Objectives: In urban field practice area of a tertiary care teaching hospital - To assess the immunization coverage among children aged 6-23 months and To assess the use of Geographic Information system (GIS) technology as a tool for spatial mapping of the vaccine coverage Method: A cross sectional study was done among 6-23 months children residing in the urban slums in the field practice area of tertiary care teaching hospital. Data was collected by house to house visits with interview of mother/primary caregiver using pre-tested semi structured questionnaire. QGIS software was used for spatial mapping of the immunization coverage. Result: A total of 374 children aged 6–23 months were part of the study. It was found that the completely immunized, partially immunized, and unimmunized children were 78.3%, 16.9%, and 4.8%, respectively. The most common cause for partial immunization and non-immunization was child being ill and the lack of information, respectively. Spatial mapping of immunization coverage helped us in identifying the urban areas with low immunization coverage. Conclusions: Vaccine coverage in the area needs to be improved more which can be done by educating the mothers/primary caregivers and motivating them for better health of their children. GIS can be used as a useful tool in mapping immunization coverage.

Mycological Indicators in Evaluating Conservation Status: The Case of Quercus spp. Dehesas in the Middle-West of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)

The use of bioindicators to assess the conservation status of various ecosystems is becoming increasingly common, although fungi have not been widely used for this purpose. The aim was to use the analysis of the macromycetes fruiting bodies in the area of a natural reserve and the degree of preservation of its different zones combined with the use of geographical information systems (GIS). For this purpose, quantitative and qualitative fungal samples were carried out in plots of the middle-west of the Iberian Peninsula previously delimited and characterised thanks to GIS during the springs and autumns of the 2009–2012 period. In addition, the lifestyles of the fungal species were analysed as well as the influence of the main meteorological parameters on fungal fruiting. A total of 10,125 fruiting bodies belonging to 148 species were counted on 20 plots with four vegetation units (holm oak dehesas, mixed holm oaks and Pyrenean oak dehesas with different abundance and grasslands). The distribution of the different species, their lifestyles and the number of fruiting bodies in the different plots of the reserve indicated that the eastern part was best conserved, showing that the combination of fungal diversity studies and the use of GIS could be useful in the management of areas with environmental relevance.

Potential soil loss evaluation using the RUSLE/RUSLE-runoff models in Wadi Saida watershed (N-W Algeria)

Soil degradation has become a major worldwide environmental problem, particularly in arid and semi-arid climate zones due to irregular rainfall and the intensity of storms that frequently generate heavy flooding. The main objective of this study is the use of geographic information system and remote sensing techniques to quantify and to map the soil losses in the Wadi Saida watershed (624 km2) through the revised universal soil loss equation model and a proposed model based on the surface erosive runoff. The results Analysis revealed that the Wadi Saida watershed showed moderate to moderately high soil loss, between 0 and 1000 t/km2/year. In the northern part of the basin in the region of Sidi Boubkeur and the mountains of Daia; which are characterized by steep slopes, values can reach up to 3000 t/km2/year. The two models in comparison showed a good correlation with R = 0.95 and RMSE = 0.43; the use of the erosive surface runoff parameter is effective to estimate the rate of soil loss in the watersheds. The problem of soil erosion requires serious interventions, particularly in basins with disturbances and aggressive climatic parameters. Good agricultural practices and forest preservation areas play an important role in soil conservation.

Predatory fishing monitoring with the use of geographic information system

The Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) determines a regulatory set of instructions for fisheries agreements. These rules control fishing activity in Brazilian basins during closed fishing seasons. However, many fishermen violate the agreements, as seen in the river basin Uba, in the municipality of Moju-Pará. When fishermen breach IBAMA’s stated regulations, the municipality is urged to act on the case, but with little knowledge of critical areas which suffer from overfishing. This makes the logistics of solving these issues difficult and often problematic. This work strives to serve as an aid to environmental agencies in their endeavor to inspect and regulate the issue of overfishing in critical areas, such as the Úba river basin in the municipality of Moju-Para. Our methods include a literature review of research concerning the issue, identifying critical points, as well as preparing maps and proposals for the site of environmental monitoring activities in the city. From within the critical points, we identified the hot spots. We observed five distinct vegetation types located roughly 10 kilometers along the river, and the corresponding agricultural anthropic areas to 49% of the entire study area’s territory. It is noted that the areas of greatest concentrations of overfished territories are lined with countryside, forest and dense vegetation. Thus, environmental inspections should take place in areas near the communities and the Úba river and especially in the area beyond the Levi resort, where the hot spot was identified, while always considering the logistics for hard to reach areas.

Water Quality Assessment for Tigris River Through Salah Al-Din Province, Iraq Using Remote Sensing Techniques

water quality assessment is still being done at specific locations of major concern. The use of Geographical Information System (GIS) based water quality information system and spatial analysis with Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation enabled the mapping of water quality indicators along Tigris river in Salah Al-Din government, Iraq. Water quality indicators were monitored by taking 13 river samples from different locations along the river during Winter season year 2020. Maps of 10 water quality indicators. This meant that the specific water quality indicator and diffuse pollution characteristics in the basin were better illustrated with the variations displayed along the course of the river than conventional line graphs. Creation of water quality maps would enhance surveillance, implementation of standards and regulations for better management and control of pollution.

Proposed Method and Framework for Evaluating and Calculating a Seismic Vulnerability Index of Malaysia

There are various constraints and challenges faced in conducting seismic vulnerability assessment studies in Malaysia due to key factors related to appropriate data availability, methods and frameworks. This paper would highlight on the proposed method and framework for assessing and calculating the seismic vulnerability index at district level for Malaysia condition. A set of vulnerability index indicators that incorporate exposure, resilience and capacity elements had been constructed to identify and evaluate local features that would contribute to the vulnerability of populations and properties to the occurrence of earthquakes. Specifically, a multivariate data analysis method would be performed to identify and assess the relative contribution (weightage value) of respective indicators and following with the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) technology to map and generate the spatial heterogeneity of total vulnerability index map and potential seismic vulnerability index map. Finally, the derived maps could provide preliminary information on the seismically vulnerable area classifications in order to improve the disaster mitigation and preparedness strategies by response disaster agencies.

Threats of information security in the application of GIS in the interests of the digital economy

The development of a digital economy is impossible without the use of geographic information systems (GIS). On the other hand, the use of GIS entails the implementation of new threats. The article analyses possible threats, the requirements of regulators, formulates the necessary and sufficient conditions for ensuring security when using GIS.

GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS OF FORMATION AND USE OF LANDS OF THE NATURAL FUND OF REGIONS: MODERN EDUCATIONAL DIRECTIONS OF PRO-GRAMS OF PREPARATION OF MASTERS

The relevance of the research topic on the development and implementation of master’s programs geographic information systems of formation and use of lands of the natural fund of the regions is proved. The purpose of the study is to determine the directions and features of the development of the educational master's program geographic information systems of formation and use of lands of the natural fund of the regions. In accordance with the set goal the following tasks are solved: substantiation of components of the master's program on geoformation systems of formation and use of lands of natural fund of regions; characteristics of practical aspects of application of the master's program on geographic information systems of formation and use of lands of the natural fund of regions. The components of the master's program on geoformation systems of formation and use of lands of the natural fund of regions are determined. The objectives of the study within the framework of the master's program in geoformation systems of formation and use of lands of the natural fund of the regions are substantiated. The practical aspects of its implementation are determined. The modules of the master's program of formation and use of natural fund lands are offered: directions and features of application of geoformation systems in the field of formation and use of natural fund lands; methods and models used in geoformation analysis; directions and features of formation and use of natural fund lands; implementation of the system of formation and use of natural resources with the use of geographic information systems; development of scientifically sound recommendations for improving the efficiency of formation and use of natural resources. It is established that the development and implementation of a master's program in geographic information systems for the formation and use of natural resources allows the use of modern information systems to solve complex problems of land use, taking into account spatial, environmental and investment factors. On the basis of this program is the training of masters who implement the acquired knowledge in scientific and practical fields, which allows to create conditions for the development of areas of formation and use of natural resources.

Estimación socioambiental de la hidráulica campesina

Productores campesinos de territorios rurales compiten por el acceso a recursos hídricos con sectores empresariales, privados y gubernamentales; esta disputa no necesariamente ocurre de manera beligerante, sino que también se manifiesta en diseños de tecnología hídrica que reflejan organización, participación social y gestión, pero ¿cuál es la estimación social y ambiental de la tecnología hidráulica que está inserta en sistemas de producción rural? El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar ecosistemas acuáticos artificiales desde una perspectiva que comprenda sus componentes sociales y ambientales a fin de resignificar su diversidad biológica y su importancia socioproductiva. Con el apoyo de la etnografía interpretativa y crítica se registran y analizan interacciones sociales que contribuyen a esbozar criterios de estimación ambiental, productiva y social de la hidráulica rural en la zona metropolitana del Estado de México. El uso de sistemas de información geográfica ayuda a representar la espacialidad de estos hidrosistemas. Los resultados indican que la tecnología hidráulica campesina, que pertenece a espacios influidos por la tasación mercantil del agua, es una alternativa para la continuidad y seguridad de la producción alimentaria. La capacidad organizativa campesina es la base que contribuye a mejorar el panorama de acceso limitado al agua.

Efeito da interpolação de dados hidrogeológicos em aquíferos sedimentares: estudo de caso no estado do Paraná

A água subterrânea é de grande importância como reserva hídrica e o uso de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas tem se mostrado eficaz para a compreensão da ocorrência e movimentação deste recurso. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar métodos de interpolação aplicados a dados hidrogeológicos com a verificação do impacto gerado pelo processo de estimativa. Os métodos avaliados foram os interpoladores Inverso da Distância Ponderada, Triangulação e Topo to Raster e os dados considerados foram os parâmetros hidrogeológicos dos aquíferos sedimentares no estado do Paraná: Furnas, Itararé, Rio Bonito, Passa Dois, Guarani e Caiuá. Os resultados foram avaliados de acordo com a ocorrência de estimativas positivas e negativas, normalized root mean square e precisão do interpolador ao gerar resultados mais próximos dos valores observados. Esse estudo mostrou o efeito da interpolação em dados hidrogeológicos indicando que o Inverso da Distância Ponderada foi o método mais adequado para os parâmetros e aquíferos focos do estudo, pois apresentou as menores variações entre os valores observados e os estimados e os menores valores de normalized root mean square (entre 0 e 0,108). Esse estudo demonstra a importância em escolher o método adequado para intepretação de dados em regiões não amostradas devido às grandes variações em interpolar dados.

Every step you take, we’ll be watching you: nudging and the ramifications of GPS technology

The increasing use of geographic information systems (GIS) in everyday life is profoundly shaping how humans navigate and interact with their surroundings. Behavioural and ethnographic experimental research indicates that increased usage of GPS devices is having a significant impact on human neurocognitive systems, especially memory and perception (Gramann et al. 2017). Despite this, there has only been a limited investigation of the implications of the spread of GIS technologies. In this paper, we explore how habitual reliance on GPS technology undermines autonomous decision-making through “nudging” (Sunstein and Thaler 2008)—that is, the alteration of psychological behaviour without the explicit forbidding of choice. In particular, we make a novel distinction between what we refer to as “suggestive nudging”—the suggesting of certain routes to take to get to a destination—and “disclosure nudging”—the normalisation of constant tracking and disclosing of our locations to government and corporate actors. We shall argue that although suggestive and disclosure nudging are in principle separate, that in practice they are intertwined in the design of modern GPS devices. Additionally, since human spatial cognition is highly plastic and susceptible to being sculpted by cultural practices (Hutchins 1995; Levinson 2003), this exacerbates the negative implications of the ‘in practice’ link of suggestive and disclosure nudging by making the latter harder to avoid and opt-out of. We argue that this state of affairs necessitates re-designing GPS devices.

Identifying hotspots of transport disadvantage and car dependency in rural Ireland

This paper explores the concepts of car dependency and transport disadvantage and the correlation between them in rural Ireland as a means of highlighting incidences of possible forced car ownership with the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Societal and cultural challenges associated with the prevalence of the private car as the primary or in some cases the only form of mobility for people living in rural areas are examined resulting in potential cases of forced car ownership (FCO). Those defined as being forced to own a car are those who may find themselves in circumstances with low transport accessibility and low income, which is intensified by the need to economically participate in society for financial gain . This paper examines the existing gap between the necessity of transport and the provision of reliable public transport in rural Ireland, which is frequently attributed as a major determinant of FCO in the literature. While it is acknowledged that forced car ownership similarly exists in urban areas under the same or similar conditions, this paper focuses exclusively on the incidence of FCO in rural areas due to potentially higher levels of car dependency. The main objective of this paper is to identify hotspots or areas that are susceptible to increasing rates of FCO and transport disadvantage. Using the information gained from identifying the locations of these hotspots, transport planners and policymakers can tailor interventions to improve sustainable mobility in these areas and address equity concerns.

O uso de ferramentas de geoprocessamento de imagens para análise da morfologia da praia de Balneário Piçarras- Santa Catarina

A utilização de sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) surge como uma ferramenta útil para compreender as alterações ambientais, uma vez que permite uma análise rápida, fiável e de baixo custo através de técnicas especializadas de processamento de imagens. Este artigo, demonstra a aplicação de ferramentas de geoprocessamento para identificar características básicas relacionadas à morfologia costeira. estudos. A área de estudo, a planície costeira do Balneário Piçarras, apresenta problemas associados aos processos de erosão costeira, que acarreta perdas econômicas que requerem, constantemente, o controle de intervenções humanas ou mitigação dos danos associados. O transporte de sedimentos não consolidados causa mudanças em diferentes escalas de tempo geológicas em um equilíbrio de variáveis ​​naturais e antropogênicas. A área de estudo foi limitada a um polígono obtido a partir de uma imagem de satélite (Quickmapservice /Google Satélite). A localização dos elementos e pontos de amostragem, com destaque para a importância da inserção de polígonos e pontos, foi realizada por meio do software Q-GIS 3.10. A vetorização e detalhamento das imagens permitiram reconhecer melhor os aspectos da área estudada, pela criação de diferentes camadas para o estudo da morfologia da faixa arenosa da praia central do Balneário Piçarras. a partir de imagens de satélite predefinidas, usando a camada de base Google Quickmapservices disponível no Q-GIS 3.10. O mapa resultante produzido serve de base para novos estudos e aprendizados durante a área de processos destacada.

Assessment of municipal solid waste collection in Bolivia: Perspectives for avoiding uncontrolled disposal and boosting waste recycling options

Solid waste open dumping is a big issue in the developing world. Environmental and social impacts due to this practice affect population health, increasing the spread of diseases and child mortality. The safe collection of waste is the first step for reducing these impacts. This research assesses households’ waste collection in a Bolivian developing city with the aim to find a solution to fostering waste safe disposal and recycling. The novelty of the study consists in implementing field analysis together with the use of geographic information systems and the life cycle assessment approach where the lack of data is challenging. Following the results of the research, the system optimization, compared to the current scenario, implies that: (1) collection distances increase by 8%, while the selective collection increases them by 27.8%; (2) the collection coverage increase from 51% to 94% and selective collection switch from zero to 6.7%; (3) about 75% of CO2-eq emissions are reduced, as well as the eutrophication potential (about 55%); (4) recycling reduces the human toxicity potential of 260% and depletion of abiotic resources of 30%; (5) finally, the cost per ton of waste collected reduces from 36.2USD t−1 to 26.5USD t−1, and rises to 39.7USD t−1 if the selective collection is applied. The research demonstrates how waste collection optimization can be implemented obtaining enormous benefits in developing cities. The methods and outcomes presented can be of reference for policymakers and stakeholders of the developing world for addressing safe collection toward sustainable development.

RETRACTED: Street architecture landscape design based on Wireless Internet of Things and GIS system

An infrastructure that provides geospatial analysis, better understands simulations, great potential for visualizing natural and artificial landscapes, and the universal recognition of the use of the Wireless Internet of Things. Everyday devices, whose platform is the Internet of Things, will be smarter in their daily processing, richer in their daily communication, and smarter. The Wireless Internet of Things still wants its landscape design. Still, its impact is already looking at the scene where the Wireless Internet of Things and GIS (Geographic Information System) systems were connected to make incredible advances. It opens up architecture-specific research and the usual architectural landscape area. It can be used for soil mapping studies and can be used for remote sensing in other engineering areas to obtain a wide range of weather compensation. It encourages the use of geographic information systems for geotechnical applications in soil. Geographic information systems can manipulate georeferenced information to be displayed, store, assemble and create georeferenced data from existing data, and generate multiple missing spatial data based on the attributes attached to it. The system briefly introduces street architecture landscape applications and promotes a street landscape design environment for Wireless Internet of Things and GIS system architecture. The proposed system is described as a thing and GIS as network technology, especially in smart design, street architecture and landscape wireless network connectivity. This is an overview of smart network providers, first to help explore some essential landscapes, equipped with wireless internet and geographic information systems, and how it is used in street architecture.

Candidate site selection for nuclear power plants in Saudi Arabia using GIS

Many countries prefer to use renewable and clean energy sources over fossil fuels as fossil fuels are limited and have a negative impact on the environment. Although there are diverse, renewable, and clean sources of energy, such as solar, wind, and geothermal, the low and variable productivity of these resources impedes their application. Conversely, nuclear energy is a reliable, stable, and safe source of energy. The International Atomic Energy Agency recommends the use of geographic information systems in site planning of nuclear plants. Accordingly, this study seeks to apply the technical capabilities of geographic information systems in building a geographical database as well as data processing and analysis to support the decision making and examination of suitable sites for nuclear reactor facilities. In this study, a spatial suitability analysis methodology based on the multi-criteria decision-making method was used to identify candidate areas with suitable spatial characteristics for nuclear reactor facilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Moreover, vector modeling was used to successfully determine potential sites over an area of ~ 4442 km2 on the eastern coast (Al-Ahsa, Al-Adaid Governorate) and over an area of ~ 600 km2 on the western coast (Umloj, Yanbu, Rabigh, Al-Laith, and Baysh) of the Kingdom.

Provisioning ecosystem services: Multitier bibliometric analysis and visualisation

Provisioning Ecosystem Services (ESs) play a crucial role in human wellbeing and survival. Their contribution in nation’s economy is also immense as evident from the recently appearing markets and valuation systems. However, being consumed most largely at household levels, they continue to remain unaccounted and thus fail to form the part of formally established supply chains. The limited use of spatially explicit methods for mapping them further limits the detailed investigation over the larger areas. The present study addresses the global research trends in the field of Provisioning ESs using the open access bibliometric data. A multitier approach has been adopted focussing on Provisioning ESs as a whole, use of Geographic Information System (GIS) tools in mapping them with further emphasizing the hot spots based approaches. Global level visualisation of co-authorship for the top countries, organisations and the most cited journals has been generated using VOSviewer. The study revealed critical insights about the inter-country as well as inter-organisations linkages along with networks of the most cited journals. In the current scenario attracting increased attention of researchers in the field of Provisioning ESs worldwide, this study serve as a preliminary reference and guide them to delve further into the subject in an informed and time efficient manner. • Three tiers have been taken up for the study. • Further, each tier has been analysed in detail at three levels. • For each tiers, UK, US and Germany occupied the top three positions for the Co-authorship-countries networks. • Two organisations from Germany and Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands occupied top three places. • ‘Ecosystem Services’ and ‘Ecological Indicators’ stayed at the top two positions in the list of highly cited journals.

Smart Solutions for Sustainable Cities—The Re-Coding Experience for Harnessing the Potential of Urban Rooftops

Urban rooftops are a potential source of water, energy, and food that contribute to make cities more resilient and sustainable. The use of smart technologies such as solar panels or cool roofs helps to reach energy and climate targets. This work presents a flexible methodology based on the use of geographical information systems that allow evaluating the potential use of roofs in a densely built-up context, estimating the roof areas that can be renovated or used to produce renewable energy. The methodology was applied to the case study of the city of Turin in Italy, a 3D roof model was designed, some scenarios were investigated, and priorities of interventions were established, taking into account the conditions of the urban landscape. The applicability of smart solutions was conducted as a support to the review of the Building Annex Energy Code of Turin, within the project ‘Re-Coding’, which aimed to update the current building code of the city. In addition, environmental, economic, and social impacts were assessed to identify the more effective energy efficiency measures. In the Turin context, using an insulated green roof, there was energy saving in consumption for heating up to 88 kWh/m2/year and for cooling of 10 kWh/m2/year, with a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 193 tCO2eq/MWh/year and 14 tCO2eq/MWh/year, respectively. This approach could be a significant support in the identification and promotion of energy efficiency solutions to exploit also renewable energy resources with low greenhouse gas emissions.

Innovative technologies for designing communication lines, geodetic support for the construction industry and improving the efficiency of specialist training

In the article it has been analyzed that modern innovative technologies for designing communication lines, geodetic support for the construction industry require solving a wide range of problems associated with the creation of state geodetic networks and the basis for cartographic and topographic surveys. It has been established that to solve current issues on the use of geographic information systems and technologies in engineering surveys, highly qualified specialists in geodetic support of the construction industry, cadastral works and land management are needed.
 The basic methodological principles of training specialists in geodetic support of the construction industry are considered. Based on the proposed concept, a list of basic functions is formulated, algorithms and models for solving problems of optimizing the educational process of the university are developed.

Public Health Administrative Challenges and Solutions in Disaster Management using Geospatial Technology

India has been rapidly urbanizing. Its state of health, well-being, and infrastructure capacity are in a period of transformation. Through the perspective of a rapidly urbanizing nation, this paper presents an overview of India’s health capacity in managing disaster risks. It looks at demographic, epidemiological and developmental transitions in India and how that impacts decision making for the health sector through the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). This study identifies challenges and provides the solution by implementation of GIS application in health care which will reduce the cost and improve the existing services further benefiting the public health administrative to formulate new policies and accurate decision making with the help of existing data. Keywords: Disaster, disaster management, GIS, geospatial technology, public heath