Use Of Geographic Information Systems Research Articles

Intelligent Tourist Guide System using Web Development

There is a huge development in the Information Technology or IT sector recently. Also, there is a massive use of Geographic Information System or in short, we say as GIS nowadays. Tourism Industry is getting more and more advantage specially from GIS. GIS and Tourism Industry are bonding together in a smooth and progressive manner. In order to connect GIS and Tourism, that means in order to establish a bonding between them network is required or we can say connectivity is required. Network allows nodes to share resources in digital telecommunications. So, GIS and Tourism are interconnected with network. Network form infrastructure of modern society. When tourists visit a new place, they might not know about the place in a detailed manner or it might be just a new place for them. Even services like Google which uses the Navigation system and uses the GIS system might not have all details of a place of very low tourist interests. But here we propose Intelligent Tourist Guide System using Web Development which will help tourists travelling to different parts of the world and also local people can advertise their place in order to make it a Tourist Spot and make their area famous.

Análisis de la práctica educativa con Sistemas de Información Geográfica a través de la perspectiva de los profesores en Baden-Württemberg, Alemania

Con el objetivo de analizar la frecuencia de uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en la Geografía de la educación secundaria, los temas tratados y los factores que afectan a estas herramientas, se realizó una encuesta online en el curso 2014-2015 con una muestra de 146 profesores. Los resultados mostraron un uso esporádico de los Web SIG, una formación autodidacta y que los SIG se utilizan para tratar problemas espaciales complejos. Como resultado, es necesario simplificar el uso de los SIG educativos, modificar el plan de estudios y adaptar el software para aumentar su uso.

VALIDACIÓN EMPÍRICA DE LA TEORÍA MULTICÉNTRICA DEL ORIGEN Y DIVERSIDAD DEL MAÍZ EN MÉXICO

Mesoamerica is considered as the center of origin and diversity of maize (Zea mays L.). The multicentric theory on the origin and diversity of maize defines five centers of origin-domestication, from which four macro regions or primary centers of diversification of this cereal were conformed, from which the different races and the concentration of diversity emerged. A center of genetic diversity is defined as the geographical area where there is morphological, genetic diversity, or both, for a certain species, characterized by harboring populations of wild relatives and constituting a genetic reserve. The objective of this study was to empirically validate the geographic regions of Mexico that conform to the definition of a center of genetic diversity for maize. Spatial analysis was used to examine the diversity and distribution of 24,126 accessions of native maize and 1,106 records of wild relatives (Teosinte: 692 and Tripsacum: 414) collected during the period 1926 2014, available at germplasm banks and herbaria of national and international agricultural research and education institutions located in Mexico and, through the use of geographic information systems and modeling. In accordance with the criteria and definitions considered in the multicentric theory on maize origin and diversity, 19 geographic regions were empirically defined and validated to be considered as centers of genetic diversity of maize native to Mexico.

Assessment of municipal solid waste selective collection scenarios with geographic information systems in Bolivia

The analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) selective collection (SC) scenarios is compulsory for planning future policies and actions towards circular economy. The use of geographic information system (GIS) is appropriated for obtaining reliable data about SC yields and management costs. However, in low-middle income countries, advanced assessments are difficult to introduce due to the lack of technical knowledge, financial support and the presence of the informal recycling sector. This research aims to assess the main potentialities of the introduction of SC systems in a Bolivian developing city taking into account the informal SC system in place. The study was conducted with QGIS3.8 software in order to evaluate the main advantages of the implementation of formal and informal recycling chains. Results reported that, comparing the implementation of formal SC of MSW with the scenario that considered the inclusion of the informal recycling, the activity of waste pickers allows reducing the expenses of about 10%, increasing the recycling rate of about 3.5%, and reducing the distances traveled with compactor trucks of about 7%. It means that, the annual path traveled by the collection trucks for gathering about 16,000ty−1, is reduced by 2734kmy−1, reducing the waste disposed to landfill of about 543.6ty−1 and the expenses of about €59,000 per year. The presentation of these results to policy-makers can support decision-making boosting the implementation of recycling activities including waste pickers. The study provided a contribution to the scientific literature assessing the main challenges and opportunities for implementing the circular economy in developing regions.

Introduction of GIS software (Geographical information system) as a life Teachers and Students / imedium School for Namira Medan

Namira High School is one of the favorite schools in the city of Medan, with the number of students graduating and being accepted at the State University increasing from year to year. To further foster and improve the quality and creativity of Namira High School Students and Teachers, a technology-based training program for the Geographical Information System (GIS). Community Service Program is part of the Tri Dharma College, in collaboration with High School partners Namira, is expected to be able to increase learning in the Computer Laboratory to learn the concepts and technology of GIS which is relatively new. By attending this training, students get the opportunity to work more by utilizing geospatial-based information. The use of Geographical Information System (GIS) in various fields is very real, because GIS provides various facilities that are relatively easy to do. With the open source GIS software training, it is hoped that students and teachers at Namira High School will know the importance of geography literacy and its use in various fields.

Application of graph-based model for the quantification of transport network in peri-urban interface of Burdwan City, India

A regional transportation system is an assemblage of multiple and diverse point-to-point movements that occur between similarly multiple origins and destinations. Burdwan city, the administrative, economic and educational capital of Barddhaman district of West Bengal in eastern India, is experiencing continuous growth and change for a long time. As a consequence of rapid economic growth and change, there is high mobility of goods and passengers within and outside the city, which leads to high transportation demand. The city’s road network has a radial form; being shaped by five major roads, it radiates out from central business district to outskirts. In this regard, the present study aims to analyse the application of graph theory of the transport network in peri-urban area of Burdwan city. The study area enjoys multi-modal connectivity with other important regions both within the district as well as with other important destinations within the state. Therefore, network analysis being an important analytical tool of transportation analysis as it involves the depiction of the array of nodes and their relationships with arcs seem pertinent for the study. Thus, to measure the transport network in peri-urban Burdwan, we have employed different indices through apt use of Geographic Information System. The results indicate that the road network connectivity is good in most part of the area. However, we would like to suggest that more accessible and efficient connectivity is required for the peri-urban area while taking into consideration the regional transport network of the area, its future growth potential, and significance of its connection to the Burdwan city.

Random Spatial and Systematic Random Sampling Approach to Development Survey Data: Evidence from Field Application in Malawi

Implementing development surveys in developing countries can be challenging. Limited time, high survey costs, lack of information, and technical difficulties are some of the general constraints that plague development researchers. These constraints can hinder data collection and introduce selection bias into the survey data. We outline a multilevel sampling approach for use in areas where comprehensive information on geographical or household characteristics of local population are not readily available. Our approach includes the use of geographical information systems (GIS) for random spatial sampling and personal digital assistants (PDAs) with a global positioning system (GPS) for household systematic random sampling with random walk. Evidence from our field application in Malawi show that the multilevel sampling approach yields relevant survey data which is comparable to historical and nationally representative values; and supports rapid aggregation of preliminary results after the survey. This multilevel design is cost-effective in implementation and reduces bias avenues in the household selection. Overall, this multilevel sampling approach can be used to generate survey data in developing countries where detailed geographical information and household characteristics data are not readily available. It also presents ways of reducing bias in survey data given budget constraints.

Correlating horizontal skills with job specializations based on business sector dynamics in the regional labor markets. The case of Attica region, Greece

The correlation of horizontal skills and vocational specializations is a major challenge for regional employment policies and national economies. This is because this specific type of correlation is capable of shaping the vocational training model as well as the educational system at a higher level (universities) based on the business sector dynamics. The purpose of the article is to explore the correlation of horizontal skills and job specializations based on the business sector dynamics in Attica region, Greece. To achieve that, both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. In terms of the quantitative research, a field research was conducted to collect primary data on a sample of companies the needs for horizontal skills and one-digit (ISCO-Codes) specializations are explored and recorded. Emphasis was placed on the recording of vacancies as well as jobs that are difficult to be filled-in in the Attica region; their quantitative and qualitative characteristics were also analyzed. The results of the quantitative analysis are confirmed by the qualitative research findings, following the logic of the triangulation research methodology. Triangulation was originally proposed in social sciences to increase the credibility and validity of research findings. In other words, it is the use of more than one research techniques in the study of the same research field, each used to verify the results of the other. The methodology used in this research is innovative due to the use of geographic information systems (GIS).

Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Land Cover and Use Changes Using Gis Tools. Case Study Băneasa Neighborhood, Bucharest

Abstract The paper topic is related to the use of Geographic Information System and remote sensing in analysing the spatio-temporal dynamics of a post-socialist city. The purpose of this study is to highlight the changes in the land use of the Băneasa neighbourhood, located in the northern part of the capital city of Romania. The changes have been analysed from the nineteenth century to the present. The authors used historical mapping using old maps, as well as digitizing aerial photographs using the Geographic Information System. There has been an accelerated territorial evolution in the last 70 years, marked by the impact of the socialist policy of intensive urbanization, when the urban-type systematization was applied through the construction of collective dwellings, to which were added some important industrial units. After 1990, the dynamics of the tertiary sector generated significant changes in the physiognomy of the urban landscape, observing the increase of the built space (commercial spaces, new residential areas) at the expense of green spaces, tree nurseries, greenhouses and industrial sites. The most recent stage of evolution, however, has brought the most profound changes in the landscape of the Băneasa district, as a result of the new political and socio-economic context, marked by the collapse of communism. Thus, in the last 30 years, the capital city has registered an uncontrolled urban growth dynamic, this being characteristic of other large urban centres at the national level as well favoured by less strict, inconsistent and incomplete urban legislation.

Case Studies on the Use of UAV’s for Documentation of Cultural Heritage

Abstract In material cultural heritage documentation, the use of measurement methods, i.e. photogrammetry and laser scanning, is becoming more and more common. The increasing availability of hardware and software allows to create the photorealistic models of objects documenting the heritage and the state of its preservation. The virtual object model can carry information about the dimensions, shape, color and texture of the documented object and it can be the basis for the documentation of the archaeological site, architectural and construction inventory, architectural and conservation studies and monitoring the condition of the object. In the paper presented an overview of the most important measurement techniques and methods for acquiring spatial data used in the documentation of monuments, with particular reference to photogrammetric documentation generated on the basis of data obtained from photographs made with the use of UAV. The heritage documentation presented in the paper were created using the Agisoft Photoscan software. The use of geographic information systems in storing, analyzing and sharing information about monuments was also discussed.

Spatiotemporal Data Analysis and Forecasting Model for Forestland Rehabilitation

Purpose – Deforestation is one of the Global Forests issues that concern the United Nations (UN) for several decades and it thus leads to a vision of increasing the forestland area by 2030 that is the same size as South Africa. With this concern, spatiotemporal data analysis had been an effective way to visualize and represent the area that have been damaged and affected with the integration of the use of Geographical Information System. The National Greening Program (NGP) of the Philippines is in charge of the rehabilitation of unproductive, denuded and degraded forestlands in every province. Method – Using the spatiotemporal data in the form of shapefiles, predictors that could contribute on how the forestland may be rehabilitated were analysed and foreseen. Also, with the analysis stage of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with Back Propagation, a forecasting model was identified. Result – It has been determined that with the combination of ANN and Spatiotemporal visualization, possible additional increase in the size of the rehabilitated forestland and its representation can be done efficiently. Conclusion – Thus, the finding may be used as a helpful way for the NGP for forestland rehabilitation and reforestation strategic planning and resource management. Practical Implications – A dynamic and interactive web application may be implemented to monitor implementation of the program. Furthermore, public awareness may be initiated about the importance of forestland.

Measuring Regional Ethnolinguistic Diversity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Surveys vs. GIS

Abstract This paper compares two approaches to measuring subnational ethnolinguistic diversity in Sub-Saharan Africa, one based on censuses and large-scale population surveys and the other relying on the use of geographic information systems (GIS). The two approaches yield sets of regional fractionalization indices that show a moderately positive correlation, with a stronger association across rural areas. These differences matter for empirical analysis: in a common sample of regions, survey-based indices of deep-rooted diversity show a more strongly negative association with a range of development indicators relative to their highest-quality GIS-based counterparts.

Measuring Regional Ethnolinguistic Diversity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Surveys vs. GIS

This paper compares two approaches to measuring subnational ethnolinguistic diversity in Sub-Saharan Africa, one based on censuses and large-scale population surveys and the other relying on the use of geographic information systems (GIS). The two approaches yield sets of regional fractionalization indices that are moderately positively correlated, with a stronger association across rural areas. These differences matter for empirical analysis: in a common sample of regions, survey-based indices of deep-rooted diversity are much more strongly negatively associated with a range of development indicators relative to their highest-quality GIS-based counterparts.

Using Recreation‐Grade Side‐Scan Sonar to Produce Classified Maps of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation

AbstractThe routine assessment and monitoring of aquatic habitat characteristics, such as submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), is a fundamental tool in fisheries management. The relative low cost and availability of recreation‐grade side‐scan sonar (SSS) systems has made capturing high‐resolution (<10 cm) underwater imagery a practical and viable tool for improving these assessments. Using Humminbird SSS and a boat‐mounted transducer, we determined our ability to produce classified maps of SAV within three reservoirs in Texas. Sonar recordings of photic zone habitat were collected and processed into georeferenced mosaic images by using SonarTRX SSS software for use in geographical information systems (GISs). The resulting raster images were interpreted to identify and map SAV, and a classification scheme was developed. Random‐point data was also used to develop a traditional error matrix and an accuracy assessment for each classified map. In the three reservoirs, 485 ha were classified, including 298 ha of SAV. The area estimates for 11 of 12 classes fell within the 95% CIs that were estimated from concurrent random‐point surveys. Overall classification accuracy ranged from 78% to 88% for the three reservoirs. The methods that were developed demonstrate an accurate procedure for calculating SAV coverage and producing a high‐quality map product for distribution to stakeholders.

Addressing Geospatial Preparedness Inequity: A Sustainable Bottom-up approach for Non-Governmental Development Organizations

Keywords: geospatial preparedness; OpenStreetMap; NGO; information management; development; sustainable;

E-Science, GIS e curadoria digital de dados arqueológicos e históricos

Neste artigo, vamos apresentar uma visão condensada do estado atual da e-Science no país, o uso de Sistemas de Informação Geográficos (SIG) em Arqueologia e História, assim como a tentativa de esboçar tópicos de curadoria digital de dados, a fim de salientar seu potencial nas análises que envolvem o passado. Nesse sentido, o passado precisa ser entendido como algo nunca definitivamente acabado, que é coexistente com o presente, a todo momento sendo evocado pela memória (seja individual ou coletiva). O corrente papel do SIG e da análise espacial para estudos arqueológicos e históricos demonstra enorme potencial para mudar perspectivas teóricas e hermenêuticas de pesquisa. E, finalmente, vamos tentar definir uma agenda provisória para o futuro da pesquisa.

INTEREST GROUP SESSION—AGING AMONG ASIANS: RESEARCH METHODS IN AGING AMONG ASIANS

Asians are the largest and the fastest growing segment of the world population. Asian immigrants are the second largest immigrant population in the U.S. However, age-related social and health issues are understudied among late-life immigrant and the oldest old Asians. Little data exist to support public health promotion, policy studies and clinical practice in this population. To advance research into aging among Asians living in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world, sound methodologies can be adopted from those well-developed in other settings while novel methodologies are to be developed to meet the unique needs of Asian studies. This symposium brings together four abstracts that address a variety of common methodological issues in social and health studies among Asian older adults. The topics range from culturally and linguistically appropriate strategies for recruiting non-English speaking research participants, assessment of social isolation and transportation barriers using an ethnographical approach, development of a new culturally appropriate measure for successful aging among the oldest old Chinese in China, and evaluation of preventive healthcare use among faith-based first-generation Chinese immigrants using self-administered surveys in the U.S. These studies involve qualitative ethnographical analysis, mixed methods for instrument development, quantitative data analysis, use of geographic information systems and demography to plan participant recruitment, and use of staged community engagement to increase efficiency and representativeness of participant recruitment. Lessons learned from these studies are valuable to future studies on aging among Asians. This symposium is a collaborative effort of the GSA Aging Among Asians Interest Group.

Inclusion of GIS in student teacher training and its significance in higher education in southern African countries

Studies have been carried out on the use of geographical information systems (GIS) in teacher training, especially in the developed countries. In southern African countries, nevertheless, the scenario is different because GIS education appears to be a rather new field of study. This study therefore used systematic review to collect data. This method assists in finding and understanding the outcomes of other research conducted within the same field of study. The results reveal that only three countries (South Africa, Botswana and Malawi) teach GIS at their teacher-training universities and secondary schools. In Lesotho, GIS are only taught in secondary schools. In other countries, such as Zambia, Namibia and Zimbabwe, GIS are not taught at all at teacher-training universities and secondary schools but only at universities or departments that do not train teachers. There is no inclusion of GIS at the universities in Angola, Mozambique, Swaziland and Lesotho. Countries that use GIS have demonstrated that the course helps with decision-making, critical thinking and inquiry-based and learner-centred learning, which have the ability to improve the quality of education. Educators and policy-makers are encouraged to reinforce the inclusion of GIS and use of relevant pedagogical skills in teacher-training universities.

Relationship between accessibility and resources to treat acute ischemic stroke. Hokkaido, Japan: Analysis of inequality and coverage using geographic information systems

ObjectivesThis study aimed to clarify the relationship between the institution and resident with respect to accessibility to acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment in Hokkaido and to propose new methodology monitoring for accessibility to healthcare resources. MethodsThis study involves the use of geographic information system (GIS) network analysis. We established hospital/clinic with one of the following conditions as resources for AIS treatment: (1) medical facility practicing AIS treatment, (2) having computed tomography (CT) equipment, (3) having angiography equipment, and (4) having AIS specialists (neurosurgeons). We evaluated the coverage of population resources using transport time between ambulance departure and arrival at the healthcare facility. Furthermore, we compared the population coverage rate using available resources and calculated a Gini coefficient to analyze its relation with inequality. Empirical analysis was performed, and public database for data collection was utilized. We calculated the rate of population coverage with a transport time within 10 min as an indicator of accessibility to medical resources by GIS. ResultsThe Gini coefficients of practicable facilities, CT, angiography, and neurosurgeons are 0.35, 0.16, 0.18, and 0.30, respectively. The inequality of accessibility differs depending on the resources, and Gini coefficients indicate that hospital/clinic and neurosurgeons were considered to have higher allocation inequalities than CT and angiography. ConclusionsCombining Gini coefficient and GIS network analysis in accessibility can be useful in quantifying and monitoring variation by region. We propose this combination as a new method for helping the government to make evidence-based healthcare planning.

The Use of Geographic Information Systems for Spatial Ecological Risk Assessments: An Example from the Athabasca Oil Sands Area in Canada.

There is an acknowledged need in ecotoxicology for methods that integrate spatial analyses in risk assessment. This has resulted in the emergence of landscape ecotoxicology, a subdiscipline of ecotoxicology. However, landscape ecotoxicology has yet to become common practice in risk assessment due to the underdevelopment of techniques and a lack of standardized methods. In the present study, we demonstrate how geographic information systems (GISs) can serve as a standardized platform to integrate data, assess spatial patterns of ecotoxicological data for multiple species, and assess relationships between chemical mixture exposures and effects on biota for landscape ecotoxicological risks assessment. We use data collected under the Joint Oil Sands Monitoring Program in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region in Alberta, Canada. This dataset is composed of concentrations of contaminants including metals and polycyclic aromatic compounds, and health endpoints measured in 1100 biological samples, including tree swallows, amphibians, gull and tern eggs, plants, and mammals. We present 3 examples using a GIS as a platform and geospatial analysis to: 1) integrate data and assess spatial patterns of contaminant exposure in the region, 2) assess spatial patterns of exposures to complex mixtures, and 3) examine patterns of exposures and responses across the landscape. We summarize the methods used in the present study into a workflow for ease of use. The GIS methods allow researchers to identify hot spots of contamination, use georeferenced monitoring data to derive quantitative exposure-response relationships, and assess complex exposures with more realism. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2797-2810. © 2019 SETAC.