Use Of Cosmeceuticals Research Articles

Oxidative stress in the skin: Impact and related protection.

Skin, our first interface to the external environment, is subjected to oxidative stress caused by a variety of factors such as solar ultraviolet, infrared and visible light, environmental pollution, including ozone and particulate matters, and psychological stress. Excessive reactive species, including reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, exacerbate skin pigmentation and aging, which further lead to skin tone unevenness, pigmentary disorder, skin roughness and wrinkles. Besides these, skin microbiota are also a very important factor ensuring the proper functions of skin. While environmental factors such as UV and pollutants impact skin microbiota compositions, skin dysbiosis results in various skin conditions. In this review, we summarize the generation of oxidative stress from exogenous and endogenous sources. We further introduce current knowledge on the possible roles of oxidative stress in skin pigmentation and aging, specifically with emphasis on oxidative stress and skin pigmentation. Meanwhile, we summarize the science and rationale of using three well-known antioxidants, namely vitamin C, resveratrol and ferulic acid, in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Finally, we discuss the strategy for preventing oxidative stress-induced skin pigmentation and aging.

Potential use of essential oils in cosmetic and dermatological hair products: A review.

Essential oils have great interest among the increasing demand for herbal cosmetics in the market. They are natural sources of biologically active ingredients due to the wide application of such compounds as well as their particular chemical composition. Several researches have evaluated the effectiveness of these bioactive ingredients for use in cosmeceuticals, mainly in both hair scalp and shaft hair damage repair. Thus, the amounts and their associations define the properties of these compositions with interest for hair cosmetic use, such as antioxidant, inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Because they are complex compounds, their actions on the skin, hair scalp, and shaft are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this review is to highlight the relevant researches and findings on essential oils in hair care. In order to achieve this objective, the present work comprises an updated bibliographic review related to essential oils used in hair care. It was possible to observe that cosmeceuticals containing essential oils applied to the scalp are preferable for topical activity. Also, it was noticed that there are few reports regarding their use in hair shaft. However, it was found that some oils are used to intensify the brightness and fix the hair color. This work demonstrated that the use of essential oils in both cosmetic products (industrial application) and those associated with oils carriers (as individual protocols) may lead to satisfactory results in the treatment of some scalp dysfunctions.

An overview of algae prospects in cosmeceuticals

Skin is considered as the mirror of the body’s health, and thus, prevention or treatment of any skin problems is an important idea. Algae are among the wealthiest aquatic commodities that are considered healthy and have negligible effect on human cytotoxicity. They are considered as a resourceful material for bioactive compounds, including vitamins, polyphenolic compounds, carotenoids, chitin, and others that have been reported to have powerful skin benefits. Algae products are now being commercialized as skin care products, and their effectiveness in treating skin problems such as rashes, pigmentation and ageing is well proven. In this review, we summarize the important algal bioactive ingredients and their effects on skin. Moreover, the review reports some studies concerning the use of algae components for skin care. Algae use in cosmeceuticals’ industry offers a safe, healthier, and economic alternative for synthetic products.

Expert consensus on defining sensitive skin and role of cosmeceuticals: an Indian perspective

<p class="abstract">In clinical practice, the ‘sensitive skin’ phenomenon, encompassing a wide range of signs and symptoms, is majorly a self-diagnosed condition. Various articles have given perspective on the heterogeneous concept of sensitive skin in varied ways. Cosmeceuticals, commonly used for sensitive skin, contain biologically active ingredients that deliver multifunctional skin benefits. Since no guidelines have been formulated for the use of cosmeceutical products in the management of sensitive skin, an individualized skin care regimen is usually adopted. Also, cosmeceutical products have been demonstrated to play a crucial role as add-on therapy in the management of dermatological disorders. However, there exists uncertainty about sensitive skin manifestation and well-defined use of cosmeceuticals for sensitive skin. This paper provides a consensus clinical viewpoint of expert clinicians, which will help clear the pathway for effective identification and management of sensitive skin using cosmeceuticals.</p>

Cosmeceuticals and Beauty Care Products: Current trends with future prospects

In recent days many cosmeceutical products are introduced in market. The term cosmeceutical was introduced by Albert Kligman. Basically cosmeceutical means combination of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals which are applied topically as cosmetics however contain ingredients that affect the skin's biological function. It is a bridge between pharmaceutical and personal care industry. The use of cosmeceuticals has drastically climbed in recent years. Cosmeceuticals are the latest trend of beauty care products. Everyone wants to beautify their outer looks, cosmeceuticals provide a great appearance to skin as well as hair hence it is fastest growing segment in the natural personal care industry. This review aims to highlight the beauty care industry and filled with all required information related to different classes of cosmeceuticals and types of cosmeceutical ingredients along with regulatory considerations.

Computational and experimental characterization of novel ultraviolet filters.

Many current ultraviolet filters present potential hazards both to humans and to the natural environment. As such there is a new impetus to develop, through intimate characterisation, ultraviolet filters for use in cosmeceuticals. Here we report a new class of organic molecules which have a strong absorption band across the ultraviolet-A and -B regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and high photostability. We have performed ultrafast transient electronic absorption spectroscopy and steady-state spectroscopies, alongside computational studies to track and manipulate photoprotection mechanisms. Our results present a potentially new generation of ultraviolet filters for use in commercial formulations.

The Convergence study on Korean Consumers’ Perception of Cosmeceuticals in the Aging society

Background/Objectives: This study is aimed to investigate consumers’ interests in cosmeceuticals andto examine usage and satisfaction in the aging society. Therefore, it provides effective marketing data toindustries.Method/Statistical Analysis: For this study, self-questionnaires were done for Korean consumers who arein age over 20. A total of 366 copies were collected for the final analysis, and the data were analyzed bySPSS ver. 21.0 statistical program, then data were verified at the significance level of p <.05.Findings: The behavior of managing appearance healthier and younger than the actual age led to the growingin cosmeceuticals market. There are some previous studies done, but there is a lack of researches focusingon role of cosmeceuticals in the aging society. Korean consumers’ knowledge about skin was relatively highwith an average score of 79.0%. However, the result of analyzing perception of cosmeceuticals proved thatthe definition of cosmeceuticals was not widely known, and there was lack of promoting cosmeceuticals togeneral consumers: 23.2% used cosmeceuticals without being aware of them. The strength of cosmeceuticalswas high reliability due to its professionalism, and the drawback was its high cost. So, for the developmentof cosmeceutical market, it is necessary to introduce a marketing method which can reduce its cost. ManyKorean consumers used cosmeceuticals with moisturizing effect, and the overall satisfaction level was 3.59out of 5.00. Especially, the satisfaction level was high with the use of cosmeceuticals of anti-wrinkle ormoisturizing effects.Improvements/Applications: This study will provide the effective marketing resource to beauty industriesand propose a positive direction to expand cosmeceutical market in the aging society.

Antimelanogenesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Selected Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms.

Five culinary-medicinal mushrooms are commonly available in the Malaysian market: Agaricus bisporus (white and brown), Ganoderma lucidum, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pleurotus floridanus, and P. pulmonarius. These species were selected for use in the current study, the aim of which was to investigate the antimelanogenesis and anti-inflammatory activity of these mushrooms in an attempt to evaluate their potential use in cosmeceuticals. Mushroom fruiting bodies were extracted with hot water, and the extracts were freeze-dried before testing. The antimelanogenesis activity of the extracts was determined by cell viability assay, measurement of intracellular melanin content, and cellular tyrosinase assay with B16F10 melanoma cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of the mushroom extracts was tested by measuring the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin-10 excreted by RAW264.7 macrophages. Brown A. bisporus reduced intracellular melanin content to the largest extent-up to 57.05 ± 3.90%-without a cytotoxic effect on B16F10 melanoma cells. This extract also reduced cellular tyrosinase activity to 17.93 ± 2.65%, performing better than kojic acid, the positive control. In parallel, the extract from brown A. bisporus, at the highest concentration tested, has appreciable anti-inflammatory activity through reductions of NO and TNF-α levels. The other 5 extracts showed moderate antimelanogenesis and anti-inflammatory activities. In summary, our findings show that A. bisporus (brown) extract has the potential to be used as an ingredient in whitening skincare products and to sooth the inflammatory response on the skin.

Correlating the Anti – Aging Activity with the Bioactive Profile of Chlorella emersonii KJ725233; Its Toxicological Studies for a Potential use in Cosmeceuticals

Correlating the Anti – Aging Activity with the Bioactive Profile of Chlorella emersonii KJ725233; Its Toxicological Studies for a Potential use in Cosmeceuticals

The Use of Cosmeceuticals in Acne: Help or Hoax?

The use of cosmeceuticals by patients with acne is common; however, their role is unclear and confusing, with many asking, "Do they really help acne?" Cosmeceuticals are intermediate products between prescription medications and cosmetics, available to consumers over the counter. These products are popular and may be used without the direct supervision of a dermatologist, creating a practice gap in educating patients. Herein, a variety of cosmeceuticals are discussed, including retinoids, niacinamide, and glycolic acid. The evidence for and against cosmeceutical use in patients with acne is reviewed.

Cosmeceuticals for rosacea

Patients with rosacea present a challenge to the dermatologist, as they typically possess sensitive skin, need facial Demodex and bacterial colonization control, exhibit vasomotor instability, require camouflaging of telangiectatic mats, and desire prescription treatment. Currently available pharmaceuticals are aimed at inflammation reduction, primarily with the use of topical and oral antibiotics. Recently, vasoconstrictor formulations have emerged, but these drugs have only a temporary effect and improve appearance without addressing the underlying cause, which remains largely unknown. Cosmeceuticals, including cleansers, moisturizers, cosmetics, sunscreens, and anti-inflammatory botanicals, can be used as adjuvant therapies in combination with traditional therapies. This review explores the effective use of cosmeceuticals in the treatment of rosacea to enhance pharmaceutical outcomes and meet patient expectations in a more satisfactory manner.

Camphor Induces Proliferative and Anti-senescence Activities in Human Primary Dermal Fibroblasts and Inhibits UV-Induced Wrinkle Formation in Mouse Skin.

Camphor ((1R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one), a bicyclic monoterpene, is one of the major constituents of essential oils from various herbs such as rosemary, lavender, and sage. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of camphor as a botanical ingredient in cosmetics. Camphor induced the proliferation of human primary dermal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner via the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Camphor attenuated the elevation of senescence associated with β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Elastase activity decreased, while the total amount of collagen increased, in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human primary dermal fibroblasts treated with camphor. Camphor induced the expression of collagen IA, collagen IIIA, collagen IVA, and elastin in human primary dermal fibroblasts. In addition, posttreatment with 26 and 52 mM camphor for 2 weeks led to a significant reduction in the expression of MMP1 but increases in the expression of collagen IA, IIIA, and elastin in mouse skin exposed to UV for 4 weeks. These posttreatments also reduced the depths of the epidermis and subcutaneous fat layer in UV-exposed mouse skin. Taken together, these findings suggest camphor to be a potent wound healing and antiwrinkle agent with considerable potential for use in cosmeceuticals.

Ethnopharmacological and phytomedical knowledge of Coleus forskohlii: An approach towards its safety and therapeutic value

Coleus forskohlii Briq. (Family: Lamiaceae) is a fleshy perennial aromatic herb with fibrous roots that grows under tropical to temperate areas in India, Burma, Thailand, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, East Africa and Brazil. The rootstock of the plant is used in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine for several ailments such as heart and lung conditions, asthma, digestive disorder, insomnia, muscle spasm, convulsion and skin diseases. Extensive literature survey was performed based on distribution, morphology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of C. forskohlii through pubmed, scopus, SciFinder, google scholar, sciencedirect and ethnobotanical books. Phytopharmacological knowledge and cosmeceutical use of C. forskohlii and its bioactive constituents have been documented. Coleus roots are exclusive source of forskolin, commonly known as fat burning molecule. It’s unique property is activating of almost all hormone sensitive adenylate cyclase enzymes by cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Other potent compounds are 9-deoxyforskolin (1), 1,9-dideoxyforskolin (2), forskolin I (7), forskolin J (8), forskolin L (9), isoforskolin (16), 1-acetylforskolin (17), forskoditerpenoside A (19), forskoditerpenoside B (20), coleol (21), coleosol (22), 3-hydroxyforskolin (25) etc. Besides well established food and traditional use, clinical evidence indicates its safety assessment and can be taken without any toxic effect. This review covers up to date ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and phytomedical information of C. forskohlii approaching towards its safety and therapeutic perspective.

Cosmeceuticals for children: should you care?

Cosmeceuticals are substances that exert physiologic changes to the skin for aesthetic purposes and are popular alternatives to invasive cosmetic procedures for antiaging. Cosmeceuticals are being used on children; yet studies of cosmeceuticals in the pediatric population are limited. Cosmeceuticals remain an unrecognized category by the US Food and Drug Administration, and therefore stringent regulatory pathways do not exist to guide research and marketing. To date, no safety and efficacy study exists on cosmeceutical use in pediatric patients. Increasing knowledge of the mechanisms underlying intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging, including reactive oxygen species formation, effects of declining hormones, and ultraviolet radiation, forms the scientific basis for common cosmeceuticals such as retinoids, botanicals such as soy isoflavones, and even moisturizers and sunscreen. Virtually all studies on cosmeceuticals have been performed in women with varying degrees of skin aging. The cosmeceuticals most likely to be used by younger children are moisturizers and sunscreens. As the popularity and availability of other antiaging cosmeceuticals grow, practitioners will encounter more and more beauty-conscious teenagers using these products for preventive rather than restorative purposes. Pediatricians should be familiar with the use of common cosmeceuticals used in children, especially the use of broad-spectrum sunscreen. In the future, more children will be exposed to cosmeceuticals and may experience side effects such as contact dermatitis and skin irritation.

기능성 화장품의 특허청구범위 기재

의약품의 치료 효과와 유사한 치료활성 기능을 갖는 화장품(코스메슈티컬)의 개발이 증가함에 따라 화장품법에서 규정한 기능성 화장품의 용도인 피부 미백, 주름개선, 자외선 차단 또는 피부를 곱게 태워주는 기능이외의 항염증, 탈모 방지, 비만 개선 등과 같은 의약품의 치료 효과와 차별화되지 않는 다양한 기능을 화장품의 용도로서 특허청구범위에 기재하여 특허출원하는 경우가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 상기와 같은 의약품의 치료 효과와 차별화되지 않는 기능을 화장품의 용도로서 화장품 발명에 기재한 경우 특허요건 판단에 있어서 심사과 및 심사관에 따라 차이를 보이고 있어 심사의 일관성에 대한 요구가 제기되어 왔다. 위와 같은 요구에 부응하기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 국내 기능성 화장품의 특허등록 현황, 심사관들의 견해 및 미국, 유럽, 일본의 화장품 관련 발명의 심사 실무를 파악하여 일관성 있는 특허 심사를 위한 대응방안을 제시하고자 하였다. In Korean Cosmetic Act, four uses of functional cosmetics are recognized: skin whitening, anti-wrinkle, UV protection or suntan. Cosmeceuticals, one of the functional cosmetics, have been specifically developed for medical and cosmetic benefits. However, the uses of cosmeceuticals in patent applications are not limited to those of functional cosmetics, and the number is increasing with variety of medical use claims such as anti-inflammatory, prevention of hair loss, or obesity in cosmeceutical patent applications. Since some of the cosmeceutical use claims are not clearly distinguished from medical use claims in pharmaceuticals, there has been a controversy over the extent of granting patents regarding the medical use of cosmeceuticals. In this article, we have investigated the range of medical uses in patented claims of functional cosmetics, summarized examiners' views and discussed the examination practice of cosmetic-related inventions in the United States, Europe, and Japan.

Assessment of level of evidence for cosmeceutical use in dermatology

Assessment of level of evidence for cosmeceutical use in dermatology

Cosmeceuticals

Cosmeceuticals are understood to be active cosmetics that are sold over-the-counter, but have profound effects on skin appearance and functioning. This term has no legal meaning in the United States, because only cosmetics and pharmaceuticals are recognized by regulatory bodies. Cosmeceuticals are carefully developed and tested by the cosmetics industry to deliver consumer-recognizable benefits, with an excellent safety profile. Persons use these products worldwide, including those of African descent, for improvement of skin tone. This article discusses the issues surrounding cosmeceutical use by persons of African descent.

Potential Anti-oxidative Activity of Crude Rice Oil Extracted from Cadmium-contaminated Rice as Determined Using an In Vitro Primary Human Fibroblast Cell Model

Cadmium-contaminated rice was habitually consumed by local residents in Mae Sot Districk, Tak Province, Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-oxidative activity of crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice as an alternative for utilizing cadmium-contaminated rice without compromising their health with hazard risks. The effects of crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice were determined in an in vitro primary human fibroblast (PHF) cell model. Results indicated that crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice exhibited anti-oxidative activities, in terms of preventing oxidative damage on cellular mitochondrial activity, down-regulation of SIRT1 mRNA, and up-regulation of MMP-2 in PHF cells in vitro . It might be possible that SIRT1 down regulation is related to MMP-2 up-regulation, which could delay aging and promote tissue remodeling in PHF cells. However, specific mechanisms for the regulation of these processes remain to be identified. This study demonstrates crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice exhibited the potential of anti-oxidative activity, which can be used for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical use.

Isofil cosmetics for the correction of skin aging

The article covers issues of age-related changes of the skin. The efficiency and safety of the use of Isofil cosmeceuticals for the correction of age-related changes have been evaluated. Data confirming the clinical efficiency of the use of cosmeceuticals by patients with light and moderate developments of age-related changes of the skin have been provided.

Gold for Facial Skin Care: Fact or Fiction?

To the Editor, It is believed that anti-aging preparations or cosmeceuticals, as less-invasive, nonsurgical alternatives, can retard the aging effect of the skin [1]. Table 1 presents some common ingredients in cosmeceuticals. However, the therapeutic benefits of most products remain unsubstantiated [1]. A recent randomized controlled trial showed that a high-priced luxurious antiwrinkle cream (Chanel Ultra Correction Restructuring Anti-Wrinkle Cream SPF 10; Chanel, Paris, France) was no more effective than a regular, cheap moisturizer (ACO Facial Cream; ACO Hud AB, Apteekkituotteet, Finland) [2]. Other options to promote eternal youth are massage with streaming and the use of facial masks. These are popular in spas and salons. Facial massage with an exfoliant may provide immediate superficial debridement, increased blood flow, warmth, substance P release, and an anxiolytic effect [3]. However, no long-term effect has been found, and erythema, edema, dermatitis, and acneiform eruptions may occur after the treatment [3]. Recently, gold for facial skin care has received an interest worldwide and is applied in many cosmetic centers, spas, and salons. It is used in two forms: as an ingredient of topical skin care (mask or cream) and as gold foil or gold leaf for direct application to skin (combined with massage therapy and use of cosmeceuticals with or without streaming). In 2010, an in vitro study showed that gold nanoparticles in an antiwrinkle face mask maximize contact of the active ingredients (L-ascorbic acid, retinoic acid, and collagen) with the skin, enhancing their skin permeation [4]. In animal models, gold facial masks improve blood circulation and cutaneous elasticity, rejuvenate the skin, and reduce wrinkle formation [4]. It is frequently said that Queen Cleopatra of the Nile slept with a pure gold mask every night, and this may have been the secret of her beauty (http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/future-detox-gold-mask-saltcaves/story?id=9726168p http://www.ub.uni-leipzig.de/), and the Thai-Journal Citation Index Centre (http://www.kmutt. ac.th/jif/public_html/), as well as the online databases of 48 P. Pitak-Arnnop A. Hemprich K. Dhanuthai N. C. Pausch Department of Oral, Craniomaxillofacial, and Facial Plastic Surgery, Scientific Unit for Clinical and Psychosocial Research, Evidence-Based Surgery, and Ethics in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany