Potential Anti-oxidative Activity of Crude Rice Oil Extracted from Cadmium-contaminated Rice as Determined Using an In Vitro Primary Human Fibroblast Cell Model

Thitinan Kitisin,Natthanej Luplertlop,Pahol Kosiyachinda

doi:10.5539/jas.v5n1p104

Abstract

Cadmium-contaminated rice was habitually consumed by local residents in Mae Sot Districk, Tak Province, Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-oxidative activity of crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice as an alternative for utilizing cadmium-contaminated rice without compromising their health with hazard risks. The effects of crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice were determined in an in vitro primary human fibroblast (PHF) cell model. Results indicated that crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice exhibited anti-oxidative activities, in terms of preventing oxidative damage on cellular mitochondrial activity, down-regulation of SIRT1 mRNA, and up-regulation of MMP-2 in PHF cells in vitro . It might be possible that SIRT1 down regulation is related to MMP-2 up-regulation, which could delay aging and promote tissue remodeling in PHF cells. However, specific mechanisms for the regulation of these processes remain to be identified. This study demonstrates crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice exhibited the potential of anti-oxidative activity, which can be used for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical use.

Highlights

IntroductionSome of the absorbed elements are referred to as essentials because they are required for plants to complete their life cycle
The cellular mitochondrial activity of primary human fibroblast cells incubated from 2% ethanol treated group (98.52±1.24%) was not significantly different from the control (100%) (DMEM without 2% ethanol and FBS) when incubated with PHF cells for 24 h (p>0.05)
The results showed no significant difference in the amount of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs)-2 expression of PHF cells after being treated with crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice and vitamin C (p>0.05) at 12 and 24 h post stimulation

Summary

Introduction

Some of the absorbed elements are referred to as essentials because they are required for plants to complete their life cycle. Plants absorb elements which have no known biological functions and are even known to be toxic to the plants. These are arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead (Peralta-Videa et al, 2009). Cadmium is one of important toxic heavy metals, which found contamination in soil and rice in Thailand and was reported in 1988 (Simmons et al, 2005). Mae Sot District in Tak Province is located on the Thailand-Myanmar border has zinc mining activities and rice paddy field. The cadmium contamination from what it co-exist naturally with zinc could show adverse effects on rice and other crops grew in the area and pose health hazard to local resident who habitually consumed cadmium-contaminated agricultural products (Shimada et al, 1977)

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