Use Of Cold Research Articles

Estimation of the difference between peritoneal microenvironment and core body temperature during laparoscopic surgery – a prospective observational study

Maintaining patients’ temperature during surgery is beneficial since hypothermia has been linked with perioperative complications. Laparoscopic surgery involves the insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the peritoneal cavity and has become the standard in many surgical indications since it is associated with better and faster recovery. However, the use of cold and dry CO2 insufflation can lead to perioperative hypothermia. We aimed to assess the difference between intraperitoneal and core temperatures during laparoscopic surgery and evaluate the influence of duration and CO2 insufflation volume by fitting a mixed generalized additive model. In this prospective observational single-center cohort trial, we included patients aged over 17 with American Society of Anesthesiology risk scores I to III undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Anesthesia, ventilation, and analgesia followed standard protocols, while patients received active warming using blankets and warmed fluids. Temperature data, CO2 ventilation parameters, and intraabdominal pressure were collected. We recruited 51 patients. The core temperature was maintained above 36 °C and progressively raised toward 37 °C as pneumoperitoneum time passed. In contrast, the intraperitoneal temperature decreased, thus creating a widening difference from 0.4 [25th–75th percentile: 0.2–0.8] °C at the beginning to 2.3 [2.1–2.3] °C after 240 min. Pneumoperitoneum duration and CO2 insufflation volume significantly increased this temperature difference (P < 0.001 for both parameters). Core vs. intraperitoneal temperature difference increased linearly by 0.01 T °C per minute of pneumoperitoneum time up to 120 min and then 0.05 T °C per minute. Each insufflated liter per unit of time, i.e. every 10 min, increased the temperature difference by approximately 0.009 T °C. Our findings highlight the impact of pneumoperitoneum duration and CO2 insufflation volume on the difference between core and intraperitoneal temperatures. Implementing adequate external warming during laparoscopic surgery effectively maintains core temperature despite the use of dry and unwarmed CO2 gases, but peritoneal hypothermia remains a concern, suggesting the importance of further research into regional effects.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04294758.

Iranian Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Complementary Therapies for Pain Management

IntroductionComplementary therapies (CTs) are being increasingly used by people with health issues and recommended by their health care providers. Although there are numerous studies available that address nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management, there are few that include the use of CTs by nurses in Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted in selected areas of Iran to assess nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and current practice regarding the use of CTs. MethodsA cross–sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 850 nurses from various regions of Iran between 2020 and 2022. A questionnaire was used that consisted of seven items addressing demographic characteristics, 15 items to assess knowledge, 25 items to address attitude and 22 items to address the practice of CTs in the area of pain relief. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. ResultsThe participants’ mean age was 33.26±7.24 years. Most nurses (89.9%) had not received formal education on CTs. However, 78.6% of nurses reported personal use of CTs, and 62.3% reported using or recommending it to their patients at least once. Regarding the knowledge of CTs, nurses scored 5.81 on a 15 points scale indicating a considerable gap in their knowledge of CTs. Regarding attitudes toward the specific therapies, nurses believed that massage is highly (46.4%) or moderately (31.6%) effective in pain relief. Regarding effectiveness, nurses ranked the following as the top four CTs: music therapy, humor, hydrotherapy, and use of cold / heat. ConclusionThe nurses in this study scored low on knowledge of CTs, meaning that they knew little about CTs. However, they showed a favorable attitude toward CTs and a majority of them had a history of personal use, and recommending some types of CTs to their patients for pain relief. Therefore, it is crucial for nurse managers to provide opportunities to acquire knowledge of CTs. Moreover, nurse educators should advocate for updating nursing curricula to include CTs as an essential component of pain management education.

Reliability and Residual Life of Cold Standby Systems

In this study, we conduct a reliability characterisation study of cold standby systems. Utilising synthetic rectangular formulas and cold preparedness equivalent models for cold standby systems, we analyse the lifetimes of several typical configurations, including series, parallel, and k/n:m voting systems. This study proposes system equivalent models for various types of cold standby systems, all composed of components that follow the same exponential distribution. We use the equivalent model to determine the optimal timing for the use of cold spares and derive the reliability function and residual lifetime function for each type of system. To demonstrate the validity of our model, the Monte Carlo simulation is strategically designed based on the system failure rate function. The experimental results are then compared with those obtained from the numerical model, highlighting that the numerical method incurs a lower time cost.

ESTUDO SOBRE OS TIPOS DE EXTRAÇÃO PARA ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS E ÓLEOS VEGETAIS

Studies shows that for each type of oil there is a proper extraction, we want to test another method for each oil and analyze efficiency and yield of the extraction if it does occur. So, we will carry out scientific research, with the objective of verifying the efficiency of the mechanical and solid-liquid process in the extraction of lipids to produce essential and vegetable oils, being characterized as a qualitative process. We will use as a sample the avocado fruit, which according to research, proved to be a fruit rich of lipids, since is easy to extract, it has a lot of possible extraction methods. For the analysis of the optimization of the extraction and quantity of lipids removed, we will use two diversified methods, a mechanical process that will take place through cold process, centrifugation and decanting of the fruit pulp and a solid-liquid process in which we will subject the sample to a certain solvent, located inside a volumetric flask that will be connected to a Soxhlet device and a condenser and will be heated with the aid of a heating blanket. The fruits will be harvested when not yet ripe and have reached their maturation process at room temperature, with little humidity and light, so that the pulp is removed in its best quality. The use of cold pressing extraction allows the oil removed to have no toxic chemical compounds, having so greater purity in relation to the solid-liquid process that uses nonpolar solvents that possibly contaminated the sample even in small quantities.

Comparison of the effect of hot and cold compresses on post‐operative urinary retention in older patients: A clinical trial study

AbstractUrinary retention is a common post‐operative complication in the older patients. The use of hot and cold compresses can be considered a safe and non‐invasive method to relieve urinary retention. In this study, the effects of these two methods are compared. In this randomised clinical trial study, 52 older patients with urinary retention underwent general surgery in two groups underwent local intervention of hot and cold water compresses. After the intervention, success in relieving retention and the exact duration of urine flow were measured and recorded. The mean age of the hot compress group was 69.38 ± 7.82 and the cold compress group was 68.96 ± 7.28 years and the majority of both groups were male. The mean duration of post‐operative urinary retention was not significantly different between the two groups. Urinary retention was eliminated in 46.2% of patients in the hot compress group and 53.8% in the cold compress group without the need for catheterization. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.782). The duration of urination after compression did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Due to very little research on the use of cold compresses in relieving urinary retention, the findings of this study showed that the success rate of cold compresses in relieving retention was slightly higher than hot compresses. Therefore, this type of compress can also be used to relieve retention.

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK DENGAN HEMODIALISA MELALUI TINDAKAN KOMPRES DINGIN PADA AV SHUNT

Hemodialysis is an intervention designed to assist patients in managing fluid and electrolyte metabolism. The hemodialysis process involves puncturing the arteriovenous (AV) shunt area to facilitate dialysis. The repeated punctures in this area can result in pain. Research Objective: To provide an overview of nursing care for chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis through the use of cold compresses on the AV shunt site. Method: This study is a case study with a medical-surgical nursing care approach. The research was conducted from February to March 2023 on two chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Results and Discussion: After the intervention of applying cold compresses to patients I and II, a reduction in pain scale was observed. For patient I, the pain scale decreased from 6 (0-10) before the intervention to 3 (0-10) after the intervention. For patient II, the pain scale decreased from 5 (0-10) to 3 (0-10) after the intervention. Conclusion and Recommendations: Cold compresses can effectively reduce pain at the AV shunt puncture site in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate cold compress interventions for patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Disinfection of viruses with cold atmospheric‐pressure plasmas: Sources, mechanisms, and efficacy

AbstractIn recent years, the outbreaks of viral diseases have urgently demanded effective virus disinfection techniques. Among them, the use of cold atmospheric‐pressure plasma (CAP) is one of the most promising approaches. CAP generates electric fields, charged particles, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and ultraviolet. CAP can effectively inactivate various viruses in a short period, whether they are on surfaces, in water, or in aerosols, without significantly raising the substrate temperature. This review highlights that the simultaneous action of physical and chemical means is the key mechanism of CAP in virus inactivation. It systematically summarizes the characteristics of plasma devices suitable for different application scenarios and further points out the opportunities and challenges faced by plasma virus inactivation technology.

Electrochemical cell power generation systems for socially important facilities

There is an estimation of application of power installations in a mode of trigeneration: with gas at the input, and with electric power, heat and cold at the output, functioning in an automatic mode, positive and negative sides of their use are considered. Cogeneration systems based on gas turbine with compression or absorption chillers, satisfying consumers in electric, heat and cooling energy in a building or a group of buildings, are considered. The use of trigeneration systems allows efficient utilization of heat for heating in winter and for air conditioning and process needs in summer, for example, use of cold for freezers in hospitals. At the same time, there is no reduction in efficiency throughout the year. The trigeneration technology is an excellent alternative to conventional power plants with a large amount of electrical energy and allows the use of absorption chillers in case of high cost or shortage of electricity. Such units consume less electricity compared to compressor units and require lower costs. At the same time, the use of absorption refrigeration machines (ARM) is totally justified when operating in the mode of a mini-CHP, which produces heat in winter (as cold is not needed or is needed only in small amounts), and in summer there is no need for it, but there is a need for cold. The payback period of such a system is relatively low, the net present value is high, and the profitability index is usually greater than one. Cold storage contributes to the economic viability of a trigeneration system. Since the payback period does not take into account the time factor of investment, the net present value or, better yet, the profitability index should be used. A trigeneration system consists of several units with different service lives and different investment results.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Cold and Hot Composite Forming of Sharp-Edged High-Strength Steel Sections.

This paper describes the use of cold and hot composite forming technology to produce pointed curtain wall profiles. An electromagnetic-temperature coupling model was constructed using ANSYS to study the temperature and electromagnetic field distribution during the forming process. Numerical simulation was used to optimize the process parameters to obtain the optimum heating parameters with a current of 4000 A, a frequency of 35 kHz, and a duration of 2 s. The accuracy of the model was also verified through experiments. The simulation results show that the use of a conductive magnet can improve the induction heating efficiency, increasing the heating frequency and the temperature peak; however, it also increases the temperature difference. Sharp-corner curtain wall profiles were successfully produced using the optimized process parameters. The temperature of the heating zone was measured using an infrared thermal imager, and the relative errors between the maximum heating temperature obtained from the simulation and the actual measured values were 5.37% and 5.02%, respectively, indicating that the finite element model performs well in terms of prediction.

Theoretical foundations of the formation of a responsible attitude of students to weapons

The relevance of the article is due to the complex, contradictory processes that our country has been facing in the last decade as part of the increase in the number of cases of the use of cold and firearms by persons who do not have the right to do so. Exposed to negative influence in this process is the student youth, who perceives the problem as a game, an opportunity to establish justice, to demonstrate strength. The purpose of the article is to consider the theoretical foundations of the formation of a responsible attitude of students to weapons, the peculiarities of their use. The author formulates a general idea of the process of forming a responsible attitude to weapons among students and describes the difficulties of its implementation. The essence of approaches to the term "weapons" is revealed and the phenomenon of the problem ‟Children and weapons” is considered. A variant of using special programs for the formation of a responsible attitude when handling weapons in the organization of extracurricular educational work is proposed. The article is intended for teachers, educators, organizers of clubs, military-patriotic associations, mentors engaged in activities aimed at the formation of socially significant personal qualities of young people.

Thermodynamic analysis of hybrid two-stage CO2 mechanical compression–ejector cooling cycle

In the present study, the main results of thermodynamic analysis of the hybrid two-stage carbon dioxide (CO2) transcritical mechanical compression–ejector cooling cycle using R245ca are provided. In the proposed cycle, an increase in the energy efficiency of a mechanical compression refrigeration machine (MCRM) is provided by additional supercooling of CO2 after the gas cooler due to the use of cold obtained in an ejector cooling machine (ECM). The ECM uses part of the superheated vapor heat after the high-pressure compressor and the intermediate pressure heat after the low-pressure compressor. This solution provides intermediate cooling of CO2 vapor without using an external cooling medium. The proposed method of computation makes it possible to determine the optimal parameters of the hybrid cooling cycle for the design conditions, ensuring the maximum possible MCRM efficiency. At the same time, the method considers the need to determine the optimal gas cooler pressure – a parameter that has a significant impact on efficiency growth. The effect of the intermediate pressure is extremely insignificant and is defined as the geometric mean value of the product of the gas cooler and evaporator pressures. The results show an increase in efficiency of the two-stage CO2 MCRM by up to 31.6% at high temperatures of the environment. In addition, as a result of the exergy analysis, components have been identified, the improvement of which can lead to an additional increase in the efficiency of the entire system. As follows from the data obtained, the greatest attention should be paid to improving the ejector and reducing throttle losses in the CO2 cycle.

In-Situ Computed Tomography — Analysis of a Single-Lap Shear Test with Composite-Metal Pin Joints

Lightweight design in the form of intelligent multi-material structures that combine the advantages of high strength steel and continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTs) gain increasing relevance. In this context, the joining operation is a major challenge as it has to be time and cost efficient and the resulting joint has to exhibit a high mechanical durability. One possible approach is the use of cold formed pin structures, which can be inserted into the CFRT to create a form fitting joint under avoidance of fibre damage as it is commonly the case for bolted or riveted joints. The deformation phenomena of pin joints are usually investigated by macrosectioning or (ex-situ) computed tomography. However, due to resetting elastic deformations and cracks that close after unloading an inaccurate state of the inner joint structure is measured. Furthermore, an investigation of different stages with increasing load and progressing failure is very time consuming, because multiple samples have to be tested and investigated. Alternatively, in-situ computed tomography (in-situ CT) can be used to investigate the testing of pin joints. In this paper, a method for in-situ CT analysis of a single-lap shear test with composite-metal pin joints is presented. The pins are plastically extruded to a height of approx. 1.8 mm from the metal sheet (1.5 mm thick) and are pressed into a locally heated glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic (FRT) sheet (approx. 2 mm thick) creating a form fit. Specimens with quasi-unidirectional fibre reinforcement in 0° and 90° direction are tested. With this procedure, the three-dimensional deformation of the joint can be observed and failure phenomena can be identified for each reinforcement direction respectively. Thus, this method can also be used for validating numerical simulations.

Influence of cryotherapy with pulse compression on the functional condition of the knee joint after partial meniscectomy in the process of rehabilitation

It is known that the use of cold is one of the most common means used as an effective non-pharmacological agent in the treatment of injuries. The most commonly indicated effects of cryotherapy are pain relief, reduction of inflammatory edema, and elimination of muscle spasm. The aim of the study. To study the effect of cryotherapy with adjustable pulse compression in patients after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in the early period of rehabilitation for the restoration of range of motion, perimeter of the knee joint and the tone of the quadriceps femoris. Methods of research. After first hours of partial meniscectomy the system "GIOCO CRYO - 2" was used in the experimental group in order to determine the effectiveness of cryotherapy with adjustable pulse compression for restoring range of motion, knee perimeter and quadriceps muscle tone in patients.&#x0D; When turning on the device, the joint area was being periodically compressed by the cuff with a cycle of 30 seconds. The cooling rate of the cooled liquid was up to 7 liters per minute. Its temperature ranged from 11-15 degrees Celsius. Ice bags were used in the control group. The duration of the procedure in both groups was 15 minutes, twice a day. Conclusions. The data obtained during the study indicate the feasibility of the introduction of cryotherapy with adjustable pulse compression to restore range of motion, perimeter of the knee joint and the tone of the quadriceps femoris after a partial meniscectomy.

Effects of warm or cold compresses applied to the legs during hemodialysis on cramps, fatigue, and patient comfort: A placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Muscle cramps and fatigue are common complications in hemodialysis patients and have been associated with reduced patient comfort. Among the complementary therapies advocated for the management of these complications have been the application of warm or cold compresses to the extremities during a hemodialysis treatment. In this study, we compared the effects of warm or cold compresses application on cramping, fatigue, and patient comfort. This placebo-controlled randomized trial was done in 69 patients, who were stratified and randomly allocated to three treatment arms. Two of the three groups included an intervention; application of either warm (n=23) or cold (n=23) compresses to the extremities during dialysis. The third group served as a placebo control (n=23). The study period comprised 12 hemodialysis sessions. One week after the completion of the intervention, a follow-up dialysis session was also evaluated. Data were collected at baseline (t0 ), during each of 12 intervention sessions (t1 -t12 ), and at the follow-up session t13 . Cramps, fatigue, and patient comfort were evaluated using the Cramp Episode Follow-up Chart, Piper's Fatigue Scale, and the Hemodialysis Comfort Scale, respectively. In both the intervention and follow-up sessions, cramping and fatigue were lower, and comfort was higher in each of the intervention groups compared to placebo controls Application of warm compresses was superior to use of cold compresses. Both warm and cold compress administration reduced muscle cramps, fatigue, and hemodialysis comfort in hemodialysis patients.

A novel promising laccase from the psychrotolerant and halotolerant Antarctic marine Halomonas sp. M68 strain.

Microbial communities inhabiting the Antarctic Ocean show psychrophilic and halophilic adaptations conferring interesting properties to the enzymes they produce, which could be exploited in biotechnology and bioremediation processes. Use of cold- and salt-tolerant enzymes allows to limit costs, reduce contaminations, and minimize pretreatment steps. Here, we report on the screening of 186 morphologically diverse microorganisms isolated from marine biofilms and water samples collected in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica) for the identification of new laccase activities. After primary screening, 13.4 and 10.8% of the isolates were identified for the ability to oxidize 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and the dye azure B, respectively. Amongst them, the marine Halomonas sp. strain M68 showed the highest activity. Production of its laccase-like activity increased six-fold when copper was added to culture medium. Enzymatic activity-guided separation coupled with mass spectrometry identified this intracellular laccase-like protein (named Ant laccase) as belonging to the copper resistance system multicopper oxidase family. Ant laccase oxidized ABTS and 2,6-dimethoxy phenol, working better at acidic pHs The enzyme showed a good thermostability, with optimal temperature in the 40-50°C range and maintaining more than 40% of its maximal activity even at 10°C. Furthermore, Ant laccase was salt- and organic solvent-tolerant, paving the way for its use in harsh conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the characterization of a thermo- and halo-tolerant laccase isolated from a marine Antarctic bacterium.

Adjuvants and additives for the colloidal stabilization of red wines without the use of cold

The presence of turbidity and precipitates in the bottle causes depreciation of wine by consumers. Colloidal instability is at the basis of these phenomena. The cold treatment is a technique widely used to stabilize wines, as regards both the tartaric and the colloidal precipitations. However, it is an energy-consuming technique. In view of a sustainable management of winery practices, the work aimed at evaluating the possibility of using some enological products for the colloidal stabilization of wines without cold treatment. 8 adjuvants (sodium and calcium bentonite, hot and cold soluble gelatin, chitosan, isinglass, PVI/PVP, carboxymethylcellulose) and 4 additives (kordofan gum, 2 different mannoproteins, a natural polysaccharide polymer) were compared. The trial was performed with a Barbera (2019) and a Montepulcianod'Abruzzo (2020) wines, stabilized against tartaric precipitations without cold, but with colloidal instability. Three days after the treatments the wines were racked, filtered (3 m) and bottled. After bottling and after 6 months of bottle aging, the wines were analyzed. Colloidal stability test (48 hours at 4°C) and shock test (1 and 7 days at 40 °C) were performed. As regards Barbera, the treatment with sodium bentonite (50 g/hL) or the addition of a mannoprotein (15 g/hL) allowed to stabilize the wine. For Montepulciano, having a higher colloidal instability than Barbera, the cold stabilization resulted necessary because no treatment was effective. All treatments had a modest impact on the color.

Investigation of the influence of bitumen emulsion and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement content on the mechanical properties of Bitumen Stabilised Materials with high fine particle content

Cold recycling technology is gaining popularity as an economically and environmentally effective way of pavement rehabilitation. The main benefits of the use of cold recycling mixtures (CRMs) in road base courses are associated with the reduction of raw materials consumption by replacing them with recycled materials such as Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), as well as the decrease in energy consumption during production and paving compared to Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Bitumen Stabilised Materials (BSMs), described as non-continuously bound CRMs, exhibit granular and viscoelastic materials properties due to the presence of local bituminous bonds and a reduced amount of cement. Their mechanical properties are still being investigated.In this paper, Bitumen Stabilised Materials with bitumen emulsion (BSM-E) were investigated. Mixtures characterised by high fine particle content and designed with different Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and bitumen emulsion contents were subjected to Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) tests at 25°C. TSR water resistance parameter for the mixtures was calculated. Test results were analysed using two-way ANOVA statistical tests.The laboratory test results showed that BSM-E mixtures exhibited different trends of an increase in ITSdry, ITSwet and TSR values as a function of bitumen emulsion content, depending on the RAP amount used. The statistical significance of the effects of bitumen emulsion content, RAP content, and the interaction between these two factors on the tested ITS values was proven.

Reducing post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage: a multicentre quality improvement programme incorporating video-based cold technique instruction

ObjectiveData from the Norwegian Tonsil Surgery Register (NTSR) showed large differences between the hospitals in Norway in the readmission rate due to post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage (rrPTH; range, 0%–25%; national average, 8%)....

Modified method of cervical conization with hybrid use of a cold knife and an electric knife for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and surgical outcome of the modified method of cervical conization with hybrid use of a cold knife and an electric knife.MethodsA retrospective analysis of cervical conization for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was performed between January 2020 and December 2020. Traditional cold knife conization and modified conization were used. The clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared between these methods.ResultsNinety-two patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were included. Traditional conization was performed in 46 patients, and the modified method was used in 46 patients. There were no differences in clinical characteristics, such as age, menopausal status, and conization height, between the methods. Intraoperative blood loss with the modified method was significantly lower than that with traditional conization (27.6 ± 4.7 vs 51.3 ± 18.3 mL). Postoperative vaginal bleeding requiring emergent measures, such as prolonged gauze compression, sutures, or electrocautery, was significantly less with the modified method than with traditional conization (4.3% vs 17.4%). A median follow-up of 10.2 months showed no significant difference in persistence or recurrence between the methods.ConclusionsThe modified method of cervical conization with hybrid use of cold and electric knives may be a good alternative to traditional cold knife conization.

Compactability and mechanical properties of cold recycled mixes prepared with different nominal maximum sizes of RAP

The use of cold recycled asphalt mixtures (CRM) has been soaring during recent years. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is the main component of CRM, and despite the numerous studies on CRM, the impact of different RAP types has not been deeply studied. This study compares the volumetric and several mechanical properties of CRM prepared with RAP from two different sources and with various nominal maximum sizes (NMS). The mix design was fixed, and specimens were prepared using gyratory and impact compactors. Densities were measured before and after accelerated curing. Stiffness of CRM was investigated with Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus, tension–compression, and dynamic tests. Additionally, the cracking behavior was evaluated with Indirect Tensile Strength and Semi-Circular Bending tests. The particle size distribution was a key factor in the compactability of the CRMs studied. Together with temperature, the most influential factor on the studied mechanical properties was the air void content, while the differences in NMS showed no clear trends.