Use Of Α-cyclodextrin Research Articles

Effects of α-Cyclodextrin on Cholesterol Control and Hydrolyzed Ginseng Extract on Glycemic Control in People With Prediabetes

Effective strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes are needed. Many people turn to complementary medicines, but there is little well-conducted scientific evidence to support their use. To assess the efficacy of α-cyclodextrin for cholesterol control and that of hydrolyzed ginseng for glycemic control in people with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. This 6-month double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, with a 2 × 2 factorial design, was conducted between July 2015 and October 2018 at 2 locations in Sydney, Australia. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older, had a body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 25 or higher, and had prediabetes within 6 months of study entry according to the American Diabetes Association guidelines. Data analysis was performed from May to August 2019. Participants were randomized to 1 of 4 groups to take active or placebo versions of each supplement (α-cyclodextrin plus hydrolyzed ginseng, α-cyclodextrin plus placebo, placebo plus hydrolyzed ginseng, or placebo plus placebo) for 6 months. All participants received dietetic advice for weight loss. The primary outcomes were the differences in total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose between groups after 6 months. The primary analysis used the intention-to-treat principle. Multiple predetermined subsample analyses were conducted. A total of 401 participants were eligible for the study (248 women [62%]; mean [SD] age, 53.5 [10.2] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 34.6 [6.2]). One hundred one patients were randomized to receive α-cyclodextrin plus hydrolyzed ginseng, 99 were randomized to receive α-cyclodextrin plus placebo, 101 were randomized to receive placebo plus hydrolyzed ginseng, and 100 were randomized to receive placebo plus placebo. For 200 participants taking α-cyclodextrin compared with 201 participants taking placebo, there was no difference in total cholesterol after 6 months (-1.5 mg/dL; 95% CI, -6.6 to 3.5 mg/dL; P = .51). For 202 participants taking hydrolyzed ginseng compared with 199 participants taking placebo, there was no difference in fasting plasma glucose after 6 months (0.0 mg/dL; 95% CI, -1.6 to 1.8 mg/dL; P = .95). Use of α-cyclodextrin was associated with constipation (16 participants vs 4 participants; P = .006) and cough (8 participants vs 1 participant; P = .02). Use of hydrolyzed ginseng was associated with rash and pruritus (13 participants vs 2 participants; P = .006). Only 37 of 401 participants (9.2%) experienced these adverse events. Although they are safe for use, there was no benefit found for either α-cyclodextrin for cholesterol control or hydrolyzed ginseng for glycemic control in people with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: ACTRN12614001302640.

Use of α-cyclodextrin to Promote Clean and Environmentally Friendly Disinfection of Phenolic Substrates via Chlorine Dioxide Treatment.

The use of chlorine dioxide to disinfect drinking water and ameliorate toxic components of wastewater has significant advantages in terms of providing safe water. Nonetheless, significant drawbacks toward such usage remain. These drawbacks include the fact that toxic byproducts of the disinfection agents are often formed, and the complete removal of such agents can be challenging. Reported herein is one approach to solving this problem: the use of α-cyclodextrin to affect the product distribution in chlorine dioxide-mediated decomposition of organic pollutants. The presence of α-cyclodextrin leads to markedly more oxidation and less aromatic chlorination, in a manner that is highly dependent on analyte structure and other reaction conditions. Mechanistic hypotheses are advanced to explain the cyclodextrin effect, and the potential for use of α-cyclodextrin for practical wastewater treatment is also discussed.

α-Cyclodextrins Polyrotaxane Loading Silver Sulfadiazine.

As a drug carrier, polyrotaxane (PR) has been used for targeted delivery and sustained release of drugs, whereas silver sulfadiazine (SD-Ag) is an emerging antibiotic agent. PR was synthesized by the use of α-cyclodextrin (CD) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and a specific antibacterial material (PR-(SD-Ag)) was then prepared by loading SD-Ag onto PR with different mass ratios. The loading capacity and the encapsulation efficiency were 90% at a mass ratio of 1:1 of PR and SD-Ag. SD-Ag was released stably and slowly within 6 d in vitro, and its cumulative release reached more than 85%. The mechanism of PR loading SD-Ag might be that SD-Ag attached to the edge of α-CD through hydrogen bonding. PR-(SD-Ag) showed a higher light stability than SD-Ag and held excellent antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Collagen network as the scaffold for spontaneously distributed optical resonators

The idea behind this work was to acquire one dimensional lasing in the Rhodamine 6G dye doped collagen fibers with the control of random lasing phenomenon properties by changing the dye molecular arrangement. We show that a simple manipulation of the dye concentration in biopolymeric fibril matrix bulk and an additional use of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) molecules determine formation of specific dye aggregates and as a consequence the shift of the random lasing emission wavelength in the desired direction. The analysis of the light transport mean free path in function of the dye and (α-CD) concentration was done with the use of coherent back scattering technique.

Uncovering new properties of imidazolium salts: Cl−transport and supramolecular regulation of their transmembrane activity

We report the Cl(-) transport activity for three imidazolium-based transporters. We present significant findings regarding the use of α-cyclodextrin and cucurbit[7]uril macrocycles to form inclusion complexes with these salts and to inhibit their membrane activity.

Involvement of CD14 in the inhibitory effects of dimethyl-α-cyclodextrin on lipopolysaccharide signaling in macrophages

The potential use of α-cyclodextrin and its hydrophilic α-cyclodextrin derivatives (α-CyDs) as antagonists against lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which stimulates the nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production as well as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in macrophages was examined. Of three α-CyDs used in the present study, 2,6-di-O-methyl-α-CyD (DM-α-CyD) had greater inhibitory activity than did the other CyDs against NO and TNF-α production through an impairment of gene expression in macrophage cell lines and primary macrophages stimulated with LPS and lipid A in a concentration-dependent manner. Concomitantly, DM-α-CyD inhibited NF-κB translocation into nucleus. These inhibitory effects of DM-α-CyD could be attributed to the release of CD14 from lipid rafts caused by an efflux of phospholipids, but not cholesterol. These results suggest that DM-α-CyD may have promise as a potent and unique antagonist for excess activation of macrophages stimulated with LPS.

Three different approaches for the separation of MCPA and 2,4-D by capillary electrophoresis

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) are phenoxyalkyl acid herbicides widely used in agriculture. In many cases, commercial formulations contain a mixture of both compounds so, it is important to develop analytical methods for their simultaneous determination. Phenoxyalkyl acid herbicides can be analysed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) by means of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). Good results have been obtained for the separation of some phenoxyalkyl acid herbicides, but the CE separation of MCPA and 2,4-D present some difficulties and only few works have addressed this problem. In this work, the CE separation of 2,4-D and MCPA has been studied via the addition of an organic modifier (acetonitrile), the use of a micellar system (sodium cholate) and the addition of different cyclodextrins. The use of acetonitrile resulted in the total separation of both herbicides in 15 min but with low efficiency and reproducibility values. On the other hand, the use of a micellar system solved the reproducibility problem but resulted in poor efficiency. Finally, when using α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins selectivity differences were observed and the best results were obtained with the use of α-cyclodextrin. In this case, 2,4-D and MCPA have been completely resolved with a high efficiency in less than 5 min.

Use of cyclodextrins in the isotachophoretic determination of various inorganic anions

The effects of α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins on the effective mobilities of various inorganic anions in capillary isotachophoresis were studied. The effective mobilities of several anions decreased when the concentration of cyclodextrins in an ordinary leading electrolyte was increased up to 50 m M, whereas the effective mobilities of a few anions remained almost constant. Hence by use of α-cyclodextrin, nitrite and nitrate ions, cyanate, thiocyanate and selenocyanate ions and chlorate and perchlorate ions were completely separated and could be determined. The effective mobilities of iodide, periodate and tetrathionate ions also decreased with increasing concentration of α-, β- or γ-cyclodextrin.

Regioselective P–O(2′) Cleavage of Cytidine 2′,3′-Cyclic Monophosphate Catalyzed by α-Cyclodextrin

Abstract Regioselective cleavage (selectivity 98%) of the P–O(2′) bond of cytidine 2′,3′-cyclic monophosphate is carried out at pH 11.08, 20 °C by use of α-cyclodextrin as catalyst. Without α-cyclodextrin, the selectivity is only 47% due to concurrent cleavage of the P–0(3′) bond. The regioselective catalysis is ascribed to the formation of a complex between α-cyclodextrin and the monophosphate.