Usage Of Smart Devices Research Articles

5.36 SMARTPHONE USE AND SLEEP IN CHILDREN

These days, young children and adolescents are exposed to a wide range of smart devices, and their usage of smart devices is rapidly increasing worldwide. Smart devices have often been considered to have a negative impact on the sleep of children and adolescents, but currently there are no comprehensive studies. In these age groups, sleep is considered particularly important for learning and memory, as well as for having implications on emotional regulation and behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of children’s (ages 2–5 years) overuse of smartphone on sleep.

Dynamic Key Switching Integrated Scenarios for Performance Aware Implementations in Cloud and Integrated Internet of Things

With the adoption and wide usage of smart gadgets and devices for multiple applications, the association of advanced technologies is quite prominence and needs higher degree of accuracy and performance. These are legitimately connected with the advanced innovations including Internet of Things, Internet of Everything, Internet of Vehicles, Internet of Cloud Apps and numerous others. This original copy is therefore displaying the enormous issues and research focuses in this area with the associated streams so the different elements of IoT, IoE, IoX, IoV and others can be broke down with the examination openings and the portions for various streams. In the present situation, the IoT based coordination of digital forms of money is very unmistakable whereby the distributed system is pursued and it goes under the innovation of blockchain. The blockchain innovation is likewise connected with the shrewd advances. In the present period, Blockchain Technology is one of the key territories of research just as execution explicitly in the space of cryptocurrency. Presently days, various computerized cryptographic forms of money are very conspicuous and shared all through the world in spite of tremendous analysis and discussions. Other than these purposes of research, the vehicular mix of IoT is very conspicuous that is tended to utilizing IoV that is Internet of Vehicles in the keen traffic observing and brilliant transportation. Presently days, the IoT is moving towards IoE or IoX which alludes to Internet of Everything and this is additionally tended to in this composition. The manuscript is presenting the scenarios for the implementation patterns associated with the security and dynamic key based environment.

Aplikasi Absensi Berbasis Android Menggunakan Differensi Fitur Biometrika Wajah

Technological developments have changed the way of works in a variety of human activities that were originally manual to digital where data and information can be processed anytime and anywhere. The development of mobile devices which is characterized by the increasing number of users of smart devices or smartphones has now made it possible to do a variety of jobs thanks to its quite high computing capability. Digital attendance is currently being developed on computer-based devices using authentication using fingerprint. This can cause a long queue if applied to an institution or company with a large number of employees and tight working hours. Digital attendance using smartphone devices especially Android has now begun to be developed to utilize smartphone devices as an alternative to recording employee attendance. The problem of digital attendance on smartphone devices especially Android is the fingerprint authentication facility is only available on devices with prices that are still relatively expensive, making it difficult to reach by employees, so cheap authentication that can be used today is using facial features. This study uses facial biometrics features to validate and authenticate the identity of the face owner using simple feature differentiation values so as to minimize the complexity of the authentication process while maintaining the accuracy of the authentication results. With a threshold difference of 30 - 50% the system built can detect the owner's face accurately with different lighting and positions.
 
 Keywords : Application, Attendance, Biometrics, Face.

A Survey of System Architectures, Privacy Preservation, and Main Research Challenges on Location-Based Services

Location-based services (LBSs) have become popular in recent years due to the ever-increasing usage of smart mobile devices and mobile applications through networks. Although LBS application provides great benefits to mobile users, it also raises a sever privacy concern of users due to the untrusted service providers. In the lack of privacy enhancing mechanisms, most applications of the LBS may discourage the user’s acceptance of location services in general, and endanger the user’s privacy in particular. Therefore, it is a great interest to discuss on the recent privacy-preserving mechanisms in LBSs. Many existing location-privacy protection-mechanisms (LPPMs) make great efforts to increase the attacker’s uncertainty on the user’s actual whereabouts by generating a multiple of fake-locations together with user’s actual positions. In this survey, we present a study and analysis of existing LPPMs and the state-of-art privacy measures in service quality aware LBS applications. We first study the general architecture of privacy qualification system for LBSs by surveying the existing framework and outlining its main feature components. We then give an overview of the basic privacy requirements to be considered in the design and evaluation of LPPMs. Furthermore, we discuss the classification and countermeasure solutions of existing LPPMs for mitigating the current LBS privacy protection challenges. These classifications include anonymization, obfuscation, and an encryption-based technique, as well as the combination of them is called a hybrid mechanism. Finally, we discuss several open issues and research challenges based on the latest progresses for on-going LBS and location privacy research.

SLATE: A Secure Lightweight Entity Authentication Hardware Primitive

Lightweight cryptography has become more and more important in recent years because of the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and usage of smart mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a novel secure lightweight entity authentication hardware primitive called SLATE, where its area is about 50% to more than 3X smaller than existing lightweight ciphers and strong physical unclonable functions (PUFs), respectively. Even though the authentication of SLATE is done through challenge response pair (CRP) verification similar to strong PUFs, the source of the key for SLATE must be coming from any existing secret key storage used for any ciphers. A main advantage of SLATE over most existing strong PUFs being an entity authentication primitive is that SLATE is resistant to known attacks to strong PUFs or logic obfuscations, such as model building attacks and Boolean satisfiability (SAT) attacks. Furthermore, we show that the implementation cost of SLATE with a 176-bit key and 244 CRPs is only 663 gate equivalents (GEs). Compared with lightweight ciphers and existing secure strong PUFs, we show that SLATE is a practical security primitive for resource constrained systems for its extremely small footprint and security. Finally, we show that SLATE is information theoretically secure when valid CRPs are communicated through insecure channels.

The correlation between smart device usage & sleep quality among UAE residents

BackgroundThe usage of smart-devices has increased considerably both globally and specifically in Middle Eastern countries. Recently, it has been shown that 65% of United Arab Emirates (UAE) residents lack proper sleep. Several health aspects of the relationship between over usage of smart-devices and poor sleep quality have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to determine the correlation between smart-device overuse and sleep quality among UAE residents. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire-based study. Our sample comprised 494 participants, from the three major cities in the UAE. Statistical and regression analyses were conducted using SPSS. ResultsOverall, 47.5% of the population were considered heavy users of smart-devices, of which 81% were poor sleepers. Furthermore, the physical proximity of the smart-device at night affected sleep quality; as the distance decreased, the sleep quality worsened, reaching a value of 86.8%. It was also found that 74.5% of the participants used their smart-device at bedtime. ConclusionPoor sleep is strongly correlated with smart-device overuse. Specifically, poor sleepers were five times more likely to be overusers. The intensity and duration of smart-device usage during the whole day impacted sleep quality more drastically than just before bedtime usage. With the increasing dependence and inappropriate use of smart-devices, future studies are needed to further understand the short and long term impact of this trend on the health and wellbeing of younger individuals as well as the whole community.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Enhanced approach using trust based decision making for secured wireless streaming video sensor networks

The advances in the expanse of image sensors have made it conceivable to make high-resolution picture sensors easily accessible. The amelioration of wireless interactive media sensor networks are found to be greatly increased due to the day to day usage of cameras, microphones and smart devices. A secured multi-hop routing mechanism is addressed in surveillance areas which could be incorporated to the multimedia sensors that are capable of peruse the detected data comprises of recorded images and videos. Also, malevolent sensor hubs could be interjected into the vigilance area in an untrusted environment. In this contemplated venture, a novel lightweight trust decision-making framework is accomplished for QoS clustering to give secure routing in both intercluster and intracluster communication. A quantifiable aberrant trust value is the variable determined by the Cluster Head (CH) for its Cluster Member (CM) inside the cluster. The LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol is adopted for group formation and also for the exchange of the trust values among the master nodes, member nodes and Base station. In this way, the correspondence overhead, likelihood of dynamic assaults for example sinkhole and black hole assaults mount by eavesdroppers can be reduced by maintenance of trust values by cluster heads rather than cluster members. Besides, in wireless streaming video sensor networks this approach authorizes us to predict and counteract malicious untrusted and flawed nodes. Simulation results using NS-2 is examined and the suggested trust decision-making model escalates the dependability, elasticity and low memory aloft in comparison with the current trust models adopted for wireless video sensor network security.

Factors influencing on smart health

Purpose - This study aims to clarify the impact of smart health gadgets (specfically, smart watches/sports wristbands) on promoting healthy behavior. It also aims to understand the use and characteristics of the devices, to explore the relationship between device factors and factors that affect healthy behavior, and to discuss the development of health promotion. Research, design, data, and methodology - Smart device users were investigated through a random sampling method of 185 respondents, including all ages and all levels of occupation, education, and income. The SmartPLS 3.0 software enabled the path analysis and the descriptive statistical analysis; the theoretical model was evaluated for the parameter analysis. Results - The size and path of each factor impacting health promoting behavior were ascertained. The objective factors that attract users to the smart wristband were investigated as well as the methods by which the device and the HPM are bound to each other and the correlation factors to seek out the closest relationship. Conclusions - According to the analysis, the real-time smart watch/sports wristband exerts a positive impact on one’s health promoting behavior. Health awareness is increasingly promoted in the process of using the device, and the impact of health awareness and self-efficacy effects on healthy behavior is considerable.

An Empirical Approach to Phishing Countermeasures Through Smart Glasses and Validation Agents

Phishing attacks have been persistent for more than two decades despite mitigation efforts from academia and industry. We believe that users fall victim to attacks not only because of lack of knowledge and awareness, but also because they are not attentive enough to security indicators and visual abnormalities on the webpages they visit. This is also probably why smart device users, who have more limited screen size and device capabilities compared to desktop users, are three times more likely to fall victim to phishing attacks. To assert our claim, we first investigated general phishing awareness among different groups of smartphone users. We then used smart eyeglasses (electro-oculographic) to experimentally measure the mental effort and vigilance exhibited by users while surfing a website and while playing an Android phishing game that we developed. The results showed that knowledge and awareness about phishing do not seem to have a significant impact on security behaviours, as knowledgeable participants exhibited insecure behaviours such as opening email attachments from unfamiliar senders. However, attentiveness was important as even participants with low cybersecurity knowledge could effectively identify attacks if they were reasonably attentive. Based on these results, we asserted that users are more likely to continue falling victim to phishing attacks due to insecure behaviours, unless tools to lessen the identification burden are provided. We thus recommended implementing a lightweight algorithm into a custom Android browser for detecting phishing sites deceptively without a user interaction. We used fake login credentials as validation agents and monitor the destination server HTTP responses to determine the authenticity of a webpage. We also presented initial evaluation results of this algorithm.

Use of mobile health applications for health-promoting behavior among individuals with chronic medical conditions.

BackgroundChronic medical conditions (CCs) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Strategies to control CCs include targeting unhealthy behaviors, often through the use of patient empowerment tools, such as mobile health (mHealth) technology. However, no conclusive evidence exists that mHealth applications (apps) are effective among individuals with CCs for chronic disease self-management.MethodsWe used data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5, Cycle 1, 2017). A sample of 1864 non-institutionalized US adults (≥18 years) who had a smartphone and/or a tablet computer and at least one CC was analyzed. Using multivariable logistic regressions, we assessed predisposing, enabling, and need predictors of three health-promoting behaviors (HPBs): tracking progress on a health-related goal, making a health-related decision, and health-related discussions with a care provider among smart device and mHealth apps owners.ResultsCompared to those without mHealth apps, individuals with mHealth apps had significantly higher odds of using their smart devices to track progress on a health-related goal (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 8.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.66–13.50, P < .001), to make a health-related decision (aOR 1.77, 95% CI: 1.16–2.71, P < .01) and in health-related discussions with care providers (aOR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.26–3.19, P < .01). Other significant factors of at least one type of HPB among smart device and mHealth apps users were age, gender, education, occupational status, having a regular provider, and self-rated general health.ConclusionmHealth apps are associated with increased rates of HPB among individuals with CCs. However, certain groups, like older adults, are most affected by a digital divide where they have lower access to mHealth apps and thus are not able to take advantage of these tools. Rigorous randomized clinical trials among various segments of the population and different health conditions are needed to establish the effectiveness of these mHealth apps. Healthcare providers should encourage validated mHealth apps for patients with CCs.

Adaptive Jaya Optimization Technique for Feature Selection in NSL-KDD Data Set of Intrusion Detection System

Now a days, network traffic is increasing due to the exploding usage of smart devices and the Internet. The intrusion detection work centered on feature selection or decrease because few of the features are irrelevant and excess which results prolonged detection procedure and reduces the performance of an intrusion detection system (IDS). The NSL-KDD data set is a refined variant of its predecessor KDD‟99 data set. The intent of this work is to determine essential selected input features in building IDS that is computationally efficient and amazing. For this standard feature selection jaya optimization method is used. In this paper the NSL-KDD data set is analysed and applied Adaptive Jaya Technique for selecting best features to minimize low false alarm rate & maximize detection rate.

How Does Smart Device User Experience Change by Generation

How Does Smart Device User Experience Change by Generation

A dynamic content distribution scheme for decentralized sharing in tourist hotspots

Decentralized content sharing (DCS) is emerging as a suitable platform for smart mobile device users to generate and share contents seamlessly without the requirement of a centralized server. This feature is particularly important for places that lack Internet coverage such as tourist attractions where users can form an ad-hoc network and communicate opportunistically to share contents. Existing DCS approaches when applied for such type of places suffer from low delivery success rate and high latency. Although a handful of recent approaches have specifically targeted improvement of content delivery service in tourist spot like scenario, these and other DCS approaches do not focus on contents' demand and supply which vary considerably due to visitor in-and-out flow and occurrence of influencing events. This is further compounded by the lack of any content distribution (replication) scheme. The content delivery service will be improved if contents can be proactively distributed in strategic positions based on dynamic demand and supply and medium access contention. In this paper, we propose a dynamic content distribution scheme (DCDS) considering these practical issues for sharing contents in tourist attractions. Simulation results show that the proposed approach significantly improves (7 ∼ 32%) delivery performance.

Comparative Study of Computer Vision Syndrome and Smart Devices among the Employers and Students in College of College of health and Medical Technique of University of Al -Furat Al-Awsat Techniques. Kufa

Objectives Survey about numbers of students and employers that they were influenced by recurrent using of computers and smart devices, in addition to that, the comparative study performing by knowing of relationship with different and effect on them. Materials And Methods This study was executed on individuals of students and employees during 1 year only (from January 1st 2016 to August 15th 2017) in the College of Health and Medical Technology /kufa in the province of Al-Najaf. It is included in the relation between frequent using of computers and smart devices and another risk factor. Results The results shown significant differences in student’s users of computers and smart devices in which there were little numbers of visions influencing among them in different ages and genders. Utilizing for long periods during days in different purposes yet didn't have a greater effect on users in case of computer vision syndrome according to the employer’s users. Since the preparation of students was having medical glass in male and female and the letter has rated more than the male. In another hand the ages at about (24-32) the using of computers and smart devices was, and the more risk factors among all of them had had greater rates of correlation with the glass wearing in a group of students that they have eye allergy in comparison with the time user. Also these results were shown the superiority of male in comparison with female in using these devices So, from the results mentioned above the convergence in numbers of students that they have vision affects due to employment of these devices in such of ages about [(19-23), (24-32)] in male and female, but the first ages have slightly higher rates than other)] by percentage (50%) of the students that suffer from computer vision syndrome from all proportion, whereas 2nd group of another age has low significant differences in comparison with previous by the percentage closely (36.36%). The employer’s users of computer and smart devices have significant differences (p&lt; 0.05) from the previous results, where it was noticed large numbers of users suffer from problems in their vision due to profuse utilization for long periods of this advice. At the ages (31-40) using for different purposes whether (science, entertaining or both of them) has close correlation with hitting of employers by vision syndrome, where this factor has significant differences in comparison with other risks (p&lt;0.05), while utilizing of these devices under different lights numbers appeared to affect lower than it , also these results were shown no significant differences with regard to employer’s users that they were utilized optical glass after they had using these devices, also effect of this factor ( light numbers) on the putting of eyeglass and presence of significant&#x0D; differences (p&lt;0.05) in comparison with the individuals of users that laying screen protection . We found significant differences (p&lt; 0.05) in numbers of employers were wearing eyeglass after utilizing these appliances and these demonstrate the vulnerability of devices users and the percentage was (58.14%). Conclusions : Using computers and smart devices of students more than employers. Appearing different ienfluencing of eye glass wearing of students and employers that utilizing different computers and smart devices with some of risk factors according to others. It is Found assuring correlations among different risk factors , but shown in employers greater than students.

Secure Remote User Authenticated Key Establishment Protocol for Smart Home Environment

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been used in wide range of applications, such as smart living, smart health and smart transportation. Among all these applications, smart home is most popular, in which the users/residents can control the operations of the various smart sensor devices from remote sites also. However, the smart devices and users communicate over an insecure communication channel, i.e., the Internet. There may be the possibility of various types of attacks, such as smart device capture attack, user, gateway node and smart device impersonation attacks and privileged-insider attack on a smart home network. An illegal user, in this case, can gain access over data sent by the smart devices. Most of the existing schemes reported in the literature for the remote user authentication in smart home environment are not secure with respect to the above specified attacks. Thus, there is need to design a secure remote user authentication scheme for a smart home network so that only authorized users can gain access to the smart devices. To mitigate the aforementioned isses, in this paper, we propose a new secure remote user authentication scheme for a smart home environment. The proposed scheme is efficient for resource-constrained smart devices with limited resources as it uses only one-way hash functions, bitwise XOR operations and symmetric encryptions/decryptions. The security of the scheme is proved using the rigorous formal security analysis under the widely-accepted Real-Or-Random (ROR) model. Moreover, the rigorous informal security analysis and formal security verification using the broadly-accepted Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool is also done. Finally, the practical demonstration of the proposed scheme is also performed using the widely-accepted NS-2 simulation.

Game-Theoretic Solutions for Data Offloading in Next Generation Networks

In recent years, global mobile data traffic has seen an unprecedented increase. This is due to worldwide usage of smart devices, availability of fast internet connections, and the popularity of social media. The Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are, therefore, facing problems in handling this huge traffic flow. Each type of traffic, including real-time video, audio, and text has its own Quality of Services (QoS) requirements which, if not met, may cause a sufficient loss of profit. Offloading of these traffics can be made more efficient so that values of QoS parameters are enhanced. In this work, we propose an incentive-based game-theoretic frame work for downloading data. The download of each type of data will get an incentive determined by the two-stage Stackelberg game. We model the communication among single Mobile Base Station (MBS) and multiple Access Points (APs) in a crowded metropolitan environment. The leader offers an economic incentive based on the traffic type and followers respond to the incentive and offload traffic accordingly. The model optimizes strategies of both the MBS and APs in order to make the best use of their utilities. For the analysis, we have used a combination of analytical and experimental methods. The numerical outcome characterized a direct process of the best possible offloading ratio and legalized the efficiency of the proposed game. Optimal incentives and optimal offloading was the achievement of our proposed game-theoretic approach. We have implemented the model in MATLAB, and the experimental results show a maximum payoff was achieved and the proposed scheme achieved Nash Equilibria.

Electronic Media Exposure and Use among Toddlers.

Objective These days, young children are exposed to a wide range of smart devices and their usage of smart devices is rapidly increasing worldwide. However, the use of smart devices by young children has not been studied in detail yet because smart device is relatively recent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the exposure status of smart devices among 2–5 years old children in Korea. Methods Four hundred parents of 2- to 5-year-old children were invited to enroll. Data on demographic information and the frequency of media use, time of media use, age at first use of media was self-reported. Results Among 390 toddlers, 39.3% watched TV almost every day, while 12.0% of children used smartphone on a daily basis. During weekdays, 48% of the children watched TV for over an hour. On weekends, 63.1% of the children watched TV for over an hour. On weekends, 23.4% of children use their smartphones for over an hour. Children using smartphones before 24 months of age were 31.3%. Conclusion Research has shown that TV and smartphones are the most popular digital devices used by toddlers. Most toddlers began using smart devices at 12–24 months. This study provides comprehensive information on children’s contemporary use of media.

Optimized Big Data Management across Multi-Cloud Data Centers: Software-Defined-Network-Based Analysis

With an exponential increase in smart device users, there is an increase in the bulk amount of data generation from various smart devices, which varies with respect to all the essential V's used to categorize it as big data. Generally, most service providers, including Google, Amazon, Microsoft and so on, have deployed a large number of geographically distributed data centers to process this huge amount of data generated from various smart devices so that users can get quick response time. For this purpose, Hadoop, and SPARK are widely used by these service providers for processing large datasets. However, less emphasis has been given on the underlying infrastructure (the network through which data flows), which is one of the most important components for successful implementation of any designed solution in this environment. In the worst case, due to heavy network traffic with respect to data migrations across different data centers, the underlying network infrastructure may not be able to transfer data packets from source to destination, resulting in performance degradation. Focusing on all these issues, in this article, we propose a novel SDN-based big data management approach with respect to the optimized network resource consumption such as network bandwidth and data storage units. We analyze various components at both the data and control planes that can enhance the optimized big data analytics across multiple cloud data centers. For example, we analyze the performance of the proposed solution using Bloom-filter-based insertion and deletion of an element in the flow table maintained at the OpenFlow controller, which makes most of the decisions for network traffic classification using the rule-and-action-based mechanism. Using the proposed solution, developers can deploy and analyze real-time traffic behavior for the future big data applications in MCE.

Optimal Decision Making for Big Data Processing at Edge-Cloud Environment: An SDN Perspective

With the evolution of Internet and extensive usage of smart devices for computing and storage, cloud computing has become popular. It provides seamless services such as e-commerce, e-health, e-banking, etc., to the end users. These services are hosted on massive geodistributed data centers (DCs), which may be managed by different service providers. For faster response time, such a data explosion creates the need to expand DCs. So, to ease the load on DCs, some of the applications may be executed on the edge devices near to the proximity of the end users. However, such a multiedge-cloud environment involves huge data migrations across the underlying network infrastructure, which may generate long migration delay and cost. Hence, in this paper, an efficient workload slicing scheme is proposed for handling data-intensive applications in multiedge-cloud environment using software-defined networks (SDN). To handle the inter-DC migrations efficiently, an SDN-based control scheme is presented, which provides energy-aware network traffic flow scheduling. Finally, a multileader multifollower Stackelberg game is proposed to provide cost-effective inter-DC migrations. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is evaluated on Google workload traces using various parameters. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Efficient video quality assessment for on-demand video transcoding using intensity variation analysis

Due to the wide spread usage of smart devices, adopting video contents service to the diverse end user’s service environment is an essential process. The heterogeneity of end users’ devices, usually referred as the device fragmentation, requires video transcoding which is a lossy process. Accordingly, the subsequent video quality degrading is inevitable. In such circumstances, minimizing perceptible quality loss of video is a key issue for the video contents service provider. However, the video quality loss caused in the process of transcoding is very difficult to measure. Because the “video quality” is a subjective term, it is almost impossible to estimate before video contents are delivered and actually serviced. To address this issue, many research efforts have been pursued for estimating subjective quality evaluation score using objective quality assessment metric. Structural Similarity (SSIM) is a well-known objective quality assessment method. Based on previous studies, this method has been used as a very effective quality assessment tool in video coding system. In this paper, we propose new video quality assessment metric using intensity variation analysis. The intensity metric-based video quality assessment has a high correlation with the SSIM regardless of the category of video contents, resolutions and even bitrate setting. The proposed method that measures inter-frame intensity variation (IV) is more efficient than SSIM in VBR transcoding system. Our experimental results show that the proposed video quality assessment shows up to 22 times faster than SSIM in the execution time. Ultimately, to take its advantage of the short latency and low execution overhead, IV-based video assessment is applicable to real on-demand transcoding and streaming environments while minimizing video quality degradation of transcoding.