National Library Of Medicine Research Articles

Biomedical text readability after hypernym substitution with fine-tuned large language models.

The advent of patient access to complex medical information online has highlighted the need for simplification of biomedical text to improve patient understanding and engagement in taking ownership of their health. However, comprehension of biomedical text remains a difficult task due to the need for domain-specific expertise. We aimed to study the simplification of biomedical text via large language models (LLMs) commonly used for general natural language processing tasks involve text comprehension, summarization, generation, and prediction of new text from prompts. Specifically, we finetuned three variants of large language models to perform substitutions of complex words and word phrases in biomedical text with a related hypernym. The output of the text substitution process using LLMs was evaluated by comparing the pre- and post-substitution texts using four readability metrics and two measures of sentence complexity. A sample of 1,000 biomedical definitions in the National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) was processed with three LLM approaches, and each showed an improvement in readability and sentence complexity after hypernym substitution. Readability scores were translated from a pre-processed collegiate reading level to a post-processed US high-school level. Comparison between the three LLMs showed that the GPT-J-6b approach had the best improvement in measures of sentence complexity. This study demonstrates the merit of hypernym substitution to improve readability of complex biomedical text for the public and highlights the use case for fine-tuning open-access large language models for biomedical natural language processing.

Tailoring epilepsy treatment: personalized micro physiological systems illuminate individual drug responses

Introduction: Approximately 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, with many not achieving seizure freedom. Organ-on-chip technology, which mimics organ-level physiology, could revolutionize drug development for epilepsy by replacing animal models in preclinical studies. Our goal is to determine if customized micro-physiological systems can lead to tailored drug treatments for epileptic patients. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilizing various databases, including PubMed, Ebscohost, Medline, and the National Library of Medicine, using a predetermined search strategy. We focused on articles that addressed the role of personalized micro-physiological systems in individual drug responses and articles that discussed different types of epilepsy, diagnosis, and current treatment options. Additionally, articles that explored the components and design considerations of micro-physiological systems were reviewed to identify challenges and opportunities in drug development for challenging epilepsy cases. Results: The micro-physiological system offers a more accurate and cost-effective alternative to traditional models for assessing drug effects, toxicities, and disease mechanisms. Nevertheless, designing patient-specific models presents critical considerations, including the integration of analytical biosensors and patient-derived cells, while addressing regulatory, material, and biological complexities. Material selection, standardization, integration of vascular systems, cost efficiency, real-time monitoring, and ethical considerations are also crucial to the successful use of this technology in drug development. Conclusion: The future of organ-on-chip technology holds great promise, with the potential to integrate artificial intelligence and machine learning for personalized treatment for epileptic patients.

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of unilateral and bilateral approach kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A meta-analysis.

The study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of unilateral versus bilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Adhering to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, three English-language databases were systematically reviewed: PubMed, Web of Science, and the National Library of Medicine. The search was conducted between their inception and January 1, 2023. Studies that were replications or that used regression analysis were excluded. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that met the criteria were included, and a meta-analysis was performed. The mean follow-up duration was 17.9±9.7 months for the unilateral group and 18.4±8.3 months for the bilateral group. Eight randomized controlled trials and four cohort studies were included, comprising a total of 1,391 patients (499 males, 697 females; 195 cases did not report sex; mean age: 70.9 years; range, 45 to 82 years). Of these patients, 710 underwent the unilateral surgical approach and 681 the bilateral approach. The meta-analysis revealed that the long-term VAS was marginally higher in the unilateral PKP group (mean difference [MD]=0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06-0.13; p<0.001). The unilateral group also demonstrated a greater recovery rate in the postoperative kyphosis angle (MD=2.27; 95% CI: 0.67-3.87; p=0.006), shorter operation duration (MD=18.56 min; 95% CI: 8.96-28.17; p<0.001), and a lower bone cement dosage (MD=1.20 mL; 95% CI: 0.39-2.01; p=0.004). Unilateral PKP appears equally effective as bilateral PKP for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures but with advantages in terms of procedure time, cement use, and pain reduction.

Assessment of head trauma in children: Current guidelines and challenges

The objective of this research is to analyze and synthesize current guidelines for the assessment of head trauma in children, identifying challenges faced in implementing these guidelines in clinical practice. To search for eligible responses, a systematic literature review was carried out, the aim of which was to gather, analyze and synthesize all available evidence on the research topic. Searches in scientific literature were carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences - LILACS and National Library of Medicine - PUBMED. Analysis and synthesis of current guidelines for the evaluation of head trauma in children reveal a series of fundamental recommendations to ensure an effective and safe approach to the management of these complex cases. However, its implementation in clinical practice faces significant challenges that can impact the quality of care offered to children suffering from head trauma. One of the main challenges is the variability in interpretation and application of guidelines by healthcare professionals, due to the complexity and multifaceted nature of pediatric head trauma. Additionally, a lack of adequate resources, such as neuroimaging equipment and trained personnel, may limit the ability of healthcare facilities to follow all guideline recommendations.

Anti-inflammatory effect of the Mediterranean diet in women with endometriosis: a literature review

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease that affects many women and presents symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and infertility, which interfere with quality of life, damaging physical and mental health, as well as social and intimate relationships. Therefore, changing eating habits, with the adoption of diets rich in anti-inflammatory compounds and like the Mediterranean pattern, can interfere with the pathophysiological processes of the disease, such as inflammation, metabolism and hormone activity. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to investigate evidence on the anti-inflammatory effect of the Mediterranean diet as a therapeutic approach in the context of endometriosis. To this end, this study consists of a complete literature analysis related to the topic addressed, using the PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) databases. Applying the descriptors in Health Science (DeCs): Mediterranean diet, anti-inflammatory diet, endometriosis and nutrition. For the inclusion criteria, complete articles published in the last 5 years, written in Portuguese and English, were selected. Regarding the results, it was verified that the different nutrient modifiers present in the Mediterranean diet provide anti-inflammatory effects that reduce pain, control hormones and improve the quality of life of women diagnosed with endometriosis. However, given the results obtained, the Mediterranean diet presents promising results in combating pain and inflammatory processes, and can be used as a nutritional strategy for the treatment and prevention of endometriosis.

Technology and sexual abuse - The role of technology in facilitating child and adolescent sexual abuse: A systematic review

Child and adolescent sexual abuse is a reality that affects countless children and adolescents, harming and violating the physical, emotional and psychological integrity of the victims. There are numerous factors that cause vulnerability in this public, one of them being the technological means, due to the influences that the media causes, the exposure of children and adolescents and the facilitation of communication between aggressors and victims. To analyze the relationship between the use of technologies and child and adolescent sexual abuse, exploring how these technological tools have been used to facilitate the sexual abuse of children and adolescents. This is a systematic review of the literature. The search for articles was carried out from the Virtual Health Library (VHL); Lilacs; Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO); National Library of Medicine (PubMed). The descriptors used to search for the articles were: Child and adolescent sexual abuse, technologies and pedophilia. The Boolean operator AND was used to cross-reference the terms. Regarding the inclusion criteria used: complete articles, available and indexed in the aforementioned databases, free of charge, in the Portuguese language, published in the last five years between 2019 and 2023 related to the theme. Monographs, book chapters, paid articles, duplicate studies, in another language, and published before 2019 were excluded as exclusion criteria. Modern technologies, such as the internet and social networks, are means that facilitate the increase in cases of child and adolescent sexual abuse.

A Systematic Review of Osteotomies to Correct Hallux Valgus in the First Metatarsal

Hallux valgus is one of the most common deformities of the forefoot. When addressing hallux valgus, surgical management plays a central role, with the majority of techniques consisting of cutting (osteotomy) and reshaping the overall anatomy of the metatarsal and phalanx. Understanding and analyzing the results of many osteotomies to treat hallux valgus is essential. This systematic review aims to summarize a structure of the different practices used through osteotomies to correct hallux valgus in the metatarsal, the results obtained, and the methodologies used to provide a follow-up. This systematic search was carried out using three databases: the National Library of Medicine, Science Direct, and Sage Journals. This research mainly focused on analyzing the outcomes and post-operative results of the various osteotomies of the first metatarsal manuscripts that addressed more than just the procedure analysis or its results, which were excluded, as in the case of combined pathologies. Fifteen manuscripts were included for full-text analysis based on comparative/explanatory studies of surgical procedures for hallux valgus metatarsal osteotomies and their clinical outcomes. The clinical results were analyzed in two aspects: the dimensional analysis of the metatarsal before and after the surgical procedure and the technologies used to obtain the follow-up. This review will guide future research into the more comprehensive use of the metatarsal osteotomy process and where engineering can and should intervene and make the procedures more precise and straightforward.

Gender-affirming surgical procedures and their psychosocial impacts: an integrative review

Objective: Identify the main gender affirmation surgery techniques related to the construction of a neovagina and a neopenis and the consequent impact of these procedures on the mental issues of transgender people. Methods: This is an integrative literature review with an electronic survey of articles selected between August and September 2023, using MEDLINE (International Literature in Health Sciences) and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences) via the Virtual Health Library (VHL) portal and PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine), portraying the main surgical procedures for gender reassignment and their psychosocial impacts on the transsexual community. Results: 21 articles were obtained that made up the final sample of the present study. Final considerations: Studies point to the satisfaction of transgender individuals after gender affirmation surgeries and consequent improvement in the mental health of this community despite the lack of standardization in measurement methods related to quality of life aspects, which impacts and limits the comparison between Works.

Post-resuscitation talk in the intensive care unit : Living interprofessionalism-amust have!

In the context of medical care, healthcare professionals are confronted with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which can have long-term effects on the participants. The aim was to develop, implement, and evaluate aprotocol-supported post-resuscitation talk for practice in the intensive care unit of auniversity hospital. Within the evidence-based nursing working group, university-qualified nurses performed asystematic literature search in CareLit (hpsmedia, Hungen, Germany), the Cochrane Library (Cochrane, London, England), LIVIVO (Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, Cologne, Germany), and PubMed/MEDLINE (U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA) as well as using the snowball principle. Based on the results, the post-resuscitation talk and adebriefing protocol were developed and consented in amultiprofessional team. Additionally, aquestionnaire to analyze the current situation (t0) and evaluate the implementation (t1) was developed. Implementation of the post-resuscitation talk was conducted from August 2021. The t0 survey took place from June to July 2021 and for t1 from February to March 2022. In t0, fewer interprofessional reflections were carried out after resuscitations in the category always or frequently (17.5%, n = 7) than in t1 (50.0%, n = 13). The rate of initiated improvement interventions was increased (t0: 24.3%, n = 9 vs. t1: 59.1%, n = 13). The results show promotion of multiprofessional collaboration in t0 and t1, and potential for optimization in the debriefing protocol in t1. Implementation of apost-resuscitation talk in hospitals is auseful tool for the structured interprofessional follow-up of resuscitation events. The results demonstrated initial positive effects and potential for optimization.

An Interview with Dr. Stanley White, One of NASA's First Flight Surgeons.

BACKGROUND: In the early days of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), medicine in support of the astronauts was led by military experts from the U.S. Air Force as well as experts from the U.S. Navy and U.S. Army. In the early years, a physician with expertise in aerospace medicine was assigned to the Space Task Group and then to NASA. One of these individuals was Dr. Stanley White, a U.S. Air Force physician. To capture more of the early space medicine pioneers, a contract was established between the National Library of Medicine and the principal investigator at the University of Cincinnati to conduct a series of interviews with these early pioneers. An interview with Dr. White took place in his home while he was in hospice care. This audiotaped interview and other written and oral histories within NASA archives and the literature were reviewed to support this work. A series of questions were prepared for the interaction with Dr. White. These questions provided further clarification on his background and contribution. Responses to questions elicited open-ended discussion. The conversation provided a historical summary of Dr. White's contribution to NASA as one of its first flight surgeons.Doarn CR. An interview with Dr. Stanley White, one of NASA's first flight surgeons. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(4):223-225.

CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME AND EQUINEASSISTED THERAPY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) is a therapeutic and educational method that uses the horse within an interdisciplinary approach. The objective of this study was to analyze the publications on Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) as a tool in the global development of children with Down Syndrome (DS). Methods: The criteria were: randomized clinical trials; population diagnosed with DS and age ≥13 years old; published from 2015 to 2021; indexed by Qualis between A1 and B3, in the following electronic databases: National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElO) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS).Results: 18 articles were found, of which 8 met the objective and criteria proposed in the study. Conclusion: It can be seen that EAT proves tobe an effective and important tool; therefore, it contributes to the progress in the global development and improvement of the motor functions of children with DS.

Pilonidal disease: comparative analysis of leading professional organizations clinical guidelines

pilonidal disease is an inflammatory disease that is most often localized in the sacrococcygeal area and is characterized by the formation of a cyst or abscess with the possible secondary formation of fistulas. Pilonidal disease is a fairly common disease, according to individual studies, the incidence ranges from 26 cases per 100,000 people (USA) to 48 per 100,000 people (Germany). Men are three times more likely to suffer than women. Most often, the disease manifests itself between the ages of 18 and 30. The risk factors for developing the disease are: excess weight, increased hair growth, chronic trauma to the sacrococcygeal area and anatomical features of the gluteal cleft (its shape, depth, configuration). The occurrence and development of the disease in persons of working age often leads to a sharp decrease in work capacity and quality of life. There is still no single, generally accepted classification of pilonidal disease in the world. Today, there are 3 clinical guidelines created by professional associations (USA, Germany, Italy), based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. The purpose of the study is to perform a comparative analysis of the main points of the clinical guidelines of leading professional organizations (German National Guideline on the management of pilonidal disease, The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons' Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pilonidal Disease, Consensus statement of the Italian society of colorectal surgery: management and treatment of pilonidal disease) regarding the clinical-diagnostic approach and the choice of optimal treatment tactics for patients with certain forms of pilonidal disease. In the study, a review and comparative analysis of literary sources from the scientific databases of medical literature PubMed Central (U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect (Elsevier publishing house), Wiley online library, Springer Link, Cochrane library, materials of the 3rd International Pilonidal Conference ( 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark) and clinical guidelines of specialized organizations of the USA, Germany and Italy. The following issues of diagnosis and treatment of diseases are selected for comparative analysis: choice of prevention method and non-surgical procedures that reduce the risk of disease recurrence; choice of treatment method and assessment of its necessity for asymptomatic pilonidal cysts; the choice of a surgical method of treatment for symptomatic pilonidal cysts; the choice of a method of surgical treatment for a recurrent form of PC. According to the performed analysis, it can be concluded that the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies reflected in the clinical guidelines are based on the evidence base and the analysis of research data conducted in the field of treatment of pilonidal disease, which leads to the existence of an essential correlation between the recommendations related to the choice of a method of prevention and non-surgical procedures that reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease, the method of treatment and assessment of its necessity for the asymptomatic form of the disease, methods of surgical treatment of the recurrent form of the disease. There are differences between clinical guidelines due to varying general consensus structures and main questions chosen to form a list of general provisions.&#x0D;

Efficacy of triple-negative breast cancer treatments

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype caused by a mutation in the BRCA 1 gene, which is responsible for the components of DNA. In this histological type of cancer, estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 protein receptors are absent, making it very aggressive, with great metastatic potential and a lack of therapies, requiring surgical intervention and a neoadjuvant approach. In this way, the study aims to list and discuss the effectiveness of different treatments for triple-negative breast cancer. This is a systematic review of the effectiveness of treatments for triple-negative breast cancer. A search was carried out in the U.S National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database, with articles searched between 2018 and November 8, 2023, with the descriptors: (“triple-negative breast cancer” OR “triple-negative breast neoplasm”) And treatment AND efficiency AND effectiveness. 203 studies were gathered, 200 of which were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Studies were analyzed resulting from the predictions of the use of SWE images and their effect on TNBC, in addition to the efficacy and prognosis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in conjunction with breast-conserving surgery, as well as the creation of an evaluative measurement index of the efficacy of neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Considering the analysis of these studies, the transition to breast-conserving surgery combined with NAC represents the best strategy, with superior operational results. However, there is a need for more in-depth evaluations regarding research in TNBC treatment.

Digital tools for preventing care-related infections in intensive care units: Integrative review

The study aimed to map digital tools with collective interventions and potential guidelines and limitations in preventing infections related to care in intensive care units. This is an integrative review of the literature, to survey the articles in the literature, a search was carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health and Nursing Database in the period from April to May 2022. Inclusion criteria: articles published in Portuguese and English, in the years 2011 to 2021, available free of charge and in full. Articles that did not have a well-defined research design were excluded. 1,666 articles were found, after defining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 305 articles remained, of which ten articles were included in the search. The use of applications is very common among health services and helps organize data, enabling access to information in real time and/or remotely. It is worth mentioning that the development methods of these technologies are complex, involving a mix of instructional, systematized, contextualized and user-centered design. The present study, given the literature found and the evidence presented, shows the importance of technologies in the critical environment in terms of preventing infections, as well as the relevance of constantly updating and building technologies that promote the prevention and optimization of diseases in the process of work.

Integrating palliative care education in pulmonary rehabilitation: a randomized controlled study protocol

BackgroundPalliative care addresses multiple unmet needs of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and their family and/or friend caregivers, but it remains highly underused. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) may provide a key opportunity to introduce palliative care. We aim to explore the effects of palliative care education as part of PR on knowledge about this field in people with COPD or ILD and their family and/or friend caregivers.MethodsA randomized controlled study will compare PR with palliative care education (experimental) with traditional PR (control) in people with COPD or ILD and their family and/or friend caregivers. Family and/or friend caregivers will be invited to take part in education and psychosocial support sessions. In addition to the usual educational content, the experimental group will have a session on palliative care, a “Peer-to-peer session”, two “Get-apart sessions” and online sessions. The “Peer-to-peer session” and the “Get-apart sessions” will be discussions about topics suggested by participants. The “Get-apart sessions” will be dedicated to people with COPD or ILD apart from their family and/or friend caregivers and vice versa. The online sessions will be zoom meetings to discuss any health-related issues raised by participants, at a flexible time. A mixed-methods approach will be used to evaluate the outcomes. The primary outcome will be knowledge about palliative care. Secondary outcomes will include attitude towards palliative care referral, symptoms, disease impact, health-related quality of life, needs, knowledge about the disease, burden of providing care, adherence, adverse events and referral to a specialist palliative care team. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected at baseline and end of PR. At 6-months post-PR, only patient-reported outcomes will be collected. For the primary outcome, time*group interaction will be analyzed with mixed analysis of variance.DiscussionThis study aims to demonstrate the impact of integrating palliative care into the PR education program.Trial registrationThe trial was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov U.S. National Library of Medicine, on 1st September, 2023 (NCT06046547).

Brief Communication – concerning algorithmic indexing in MEDLINE

As of early 2022, indexing in the National Library of Medicine [NLM] MEDLINE database is performed by an algorithm, MTIA [Medical Text Indexer-Auto], with human curation as appropriate. Deployment of a machine learning classifier, MTIX [Medical Text Indexer-neXt generation] is planned for mid-2024. This brief communication outlines the processes of MTIA and raises concerns about the MeSH [Medical Subject Headings] applied by algorithm. Implications for searchers and educators are briefly discussed.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted and video assisted thoracic surgery for early non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis.

Radical resection of lung cancer and chemotherapy are the main methods for the treatment of early lung cancer, but surgical treatment is still the key and preferred method. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) and video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The clinical cohort studies on the comparison of the effects of RATS and VATS in the treatment of NSCLC published in Web of Science, PubMed, The National Library of Medicine (NLM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2022 were searched. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, such as operation time, intraoperative conversion rate, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph nodes dissected, and evaluated the quality of the included literature based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meat analysis. A total of 18 articles and 21,802 subjects were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the intraoperative blood loss of RATS was significantly less than that of VAS, and the difference was statistically significant [MD =-38.43 (95% CI: -57.71, -19.15, P< 0.001)]. Compared with VATS, the number of lymph nodes dissected in RATS was significantly higher [MD = 2.61 (95% CI: 0.47, 4.76, P= 0.02)]. The rate of conversion to thoracotomy in RATS was lower, and the difference was statistically significant [OR = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.70, P< 0.001)]. There was no significant difference between RATS and VATS in operation time [MD =-9.34 (95% CI: -28.72, 10.04, P= 0.34)], postoperative thoracic drainage time [MD =-0.08 (95% CI: -0.42, 0.26, P= 0.64)], postoperative hospital stay [MD =-0.05 (95% CI: -0.19, 0.08, P= 0.42)], postoperative mortality [OR = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.36, P= 0.56)] and postoperative complications [OR = 1.03 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.13, P= 0.57)]. Compared with VATS, the number of lymph nodes dissected in RATS was significantly more, and the removal of lesions and lymph nodes was more thorough and accurate. More flexible and precise operation avoids the injury of important blood vessels during operation, effectively reduces the amount of blood loss during operation, shortens the indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube, and is conducive to postoperative rehabilitation of patients.

Manual versus machine: How accurately does the Medical Text Indexer (MTI) classify different document types into disease areas?

The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus is a controlled vocabulary developed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) for classifying journal articles. It is increasingly used by researchers studying medical innovation to classify text into disease areas and other categories. Although this process was once manual, human indexers are now assisted by algorithms that automate some of the indexing process. NLM has made one of their algorithms, the Medical Text Indexer (MTI), available to researchers. MTI can be used to easily assign MeSH descriptors to arbitrary text, including from document types other than publications. However, the reliability of extending MTI to other document types has not been studied directly. To assess this, we collected text from grants, patents, and drug indications, and compared MTI's classification to expert manual classification of the same documents. We examined MTI's recall (how often correct terms were identified) and found that MTI identified 78% of expert-classified MeSH descriptors for grants, 78% for patents, and 86% for drug indications. This high recall could be driven merely by excess suggestions (at an extreme, all diseases being assigned to a piece of text); therefore, we also examined precision (how often identified terms were correct) and found that most MTI outputs were also identified by expert manual classification: precision was 53% for grant text, 73% for patent text, and 64% for drug indications. Additionally, we found that recall and precision could be improved by (i) utilizing ranking scores provided by MTI, (ii) excluding long documents, and (iii) aggregating to higher MeSH categories. For simply detecting the presence of any disease, MTI showed > 94% recall and > 87% precision. Our overall assessment is that MTI is a potentially useful tool for researchers wishing to classify texts from a variety of sources into disease areas.

Shifting Paradigms

Shifting Paradigms

United States Healthcare System

United States Healthcare System