Uropathogens In Patients Research Articles

Prevalence of bacterial Uropathogens in patients with acute, recurrent and chronic urinary tract infection in Kirkuk city, Iraq

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common types of infections. They place a huge burden on health systems worldwide. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections and are a major problem worldwide. The most important problem is recurrence of infection and may develop into chronic cases. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogens and their types in acute, recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections in Kirkuk Governorate. 151 urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infections who visited private clinics in Kirkuk Governorate. They were diagnosed by a urologist for the period from December 2022 to October 2023. The ages of the patients ranged from 21-76 years. Microscopic examination, laboratory tests, culture and isolation of pathogens were performed and the diagnosis was confirmed using the Vitek device to diagnose bacterial isolates with a high degree of accuracy after confirming them by initial biochemical tests. In the current study, the number of male patients with urinary tract infections was 62, representing 41.1%, while the number of female patients was 89, representing 58.9%. The case was diagnosed as acute, recurrent or chronic. The results of the current study showed that the number of samples for patients with acute urinary tract infections was 91 samples, representing 60.3%. The number of males was 37, representing 40.7%, and the number of females was 54, representing 59.3%. As for the cases of patients with recurrent urinary tract infections, their number was 23, representing 42.6% of males, while the number of females was 31, representing 57.4%. As for the chronic cases, the number of males was 2, representing 33.3%, while the number of females was 4, representing 66.7%. After the cases of the patients to be studied were diagnosed, the diagnostic results showed the difference in the types of bacteria isolated, and it was found that they were for. E coli, where their number was 76 and their percentage was 50.4%, while Klebsiella pneumonia was also among the most common isolates in our study, where their number was 23 and their percentage was 15.3%, and these two isolates were the most common in all the clinical cases that were studied. The results of this work showed that the two most common isolates in patients with acute, recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections are Klebsiella. Pneumonia and E coli.

Pattern Of Antibiotic Resistance In Urinary Tract Infections: Insights From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Bangladesh

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections, with increasing rates of antibiotic resistance complicating treatment. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in patients with UTIs at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted from June, 2023 to July, 2024 involving 60 UTI patients. Clinical and microbiological data, including urine cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests, were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated pathogen (50.0%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20.0%). Both pathogens exhibited high resistance to ciprofloxacin (66.7%) and amoxicillin (83.3%) (p < 0.05). Pseudomonas spp. showed 66.7% resistance to ceftriaxone, and Proteus spp. exhibited 75.0% resistance to nitrofurantoin. However, E. coli and Klebsiella spp. demonstrated higher susceptibility to nitrofurantoin and gentamicin, with 50.0% and 66.7% susceptibility, respectively. Conclusion: The findings indicate a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens, particularly E. coli and Klebsiella spp., in the study population. Nitrofurantoin and gentamicin remain effective treatment options. These results highlight the urgent need for updated empirical treatment protocols and regular monitoring of resistance patterns to guide UTI management in Bangladesh.

ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF UROPATHOGENS ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS OF MULTI-SPECIALTY HOSPITAL

Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections. Currently, one of the main problems of therapy, as for the infections of other localizations, is the high level of antibiotic resistance. Timely prescribed and adequately selected antimicrobial therapy is the main factor determining the treatment outcome. The aim of the study. To carry out dynamic analysis of the etiological structure of urinary tract microflora and to assess antibiotic resistance of the most significant uropathogens in patients of the Clinics of the Irkutsk State Medical University (Clinics of ISMU) in order to optimize the use of antimicrobial drugs in a multidisciplinary hospital. Materials and methods. We analyzed bacterial strains (n = 2414) collected from urine of patients treated at the Clin-ics of ISMU from 2018 to 2022. Microbiological examination of urine was conducted in bacteriological laboratory of the Clinics of ISMU. Results. During the study period, E. coli remained the main uropathogen. There has been an increase in antibiotic resistance of E. coli to the main antimicrobial agents which are traditionally used to treat urinary tract infections, including fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. There is an increase in the frequency of detection of E. coli strains producing extended-spectrum b-lactamases from 5.4 % to 12.4 %. Meropenem and nitrofurantoin retain the greatest activity against E. coli. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate the need to strengthen control over the use of antimicrobial agents in medical organizations, the importance of constant microbiological monitoring in order to identify the characteristics of local antibiotic resistance and update protocols for empirical treatment of urinary tract infections.

Antimicrobials Resistance Trend Of Bacterial Uropathogens in Patients Attending in Tertiary Care Hospitals In Bangladesh

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) has now become the most common infectious disease, mostly in developing regions, indicating healthcare and economic constraints. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a condition in which microorganisms use varied resistance mechanisms, including horizontal gene transfer (for example, plasmids and bacteriophages), genetic recombination, and mutations. Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted at Mitford Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital. The study was conducted from January 2021 to January 2022. The total sample size for this study was 500. Result: The proportion of uropathogenic species of isolates (from total UTI patients; 250) showed E. coli 94(37.6%) and followed by K. pneumoniae 28(11.2%), CONS 11(4.4%), S.aureus 23(9.2%), Proteus spp. 4(1.6%), Citrobacter Spp. 18(7.2%), Salmonella Spp. 1(0.4%), GNR 27(10.8%), Enterobacter Spp. 9(3.6%), Streptococcus spp. 6(2.4%), Klebsiella Spp. 8(3.2%), Pseudomonas Spp. 1(0.4%), Providencia spp. 1(0.4%), K.ozaenae 10(4%), Shigella Spp. 2(0.8%), Enterococcus Spp. 5(2%), Serratia spp. 1(0.4%) and M.morgani 1(0.4%). Gram-positive isolates presented a high resistance to tetracycline 14(93.3%) and penicillin 13(86.7%). Antimicrobial agents most effective against Gram-positive uropathogens were vancomycin and nitrofurantoin. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate of Gram-positive isolates. It was highly resistant to tetracycline 32(100%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 26(81.3%). In addition, 9(28.1%) of S. aureus were resistant to cefoxitin. Conclusion: UTI is the most spreading bacterial infection globally. The increase in antimicrobial resistance is associated with UTI, which is a serious threat and has become a global health emergency. J Dhaka Med Coll. 2022; 31(1) : 23-28

Antibiotic resistance of uropathogens in patients with nephrolithiasis and concomitant coronary heart disease

Objective: to identify the main causative agents of chronic calculous pyelonephritis and determine their antibiotic resistance in patients with nephrolithiasis combined with coronary heart disease (CHD).Material and methods. A retrospective case-control study included 181 patients aged 57 to 82 years old who were treated at the urological center of branch no. 1 of Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital in 2014–2019. All patients long-term suffered from urolithiasis complicated by chronic calculus pyelonephritis in combination with CHD. Clinically significant results of bacteriological urine examinations (CFU≥103) were analyzed. The midstream urine specimen cultivation was performed sectorally on Endo agar. The minimum suppressive concentration of the test antibacterial preparations for each of the detected microorganisms was determined by dilution on a dense Müller–Hinton agar culture medium (BBL, USA). The results were processed using the Shapiro–Wilk, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and χ2 Pirson criteria. The values of p≤0,05 were considered as statistically significant.Results. Specimen culturing revealed Escherichia coli – 24.8%, Klebsiella pneumoniae – 18.3%, Pseudomanas aeruginosa – 11%. Staphylococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. were most important among gram-positive pathogens (total 26.6% of cases). The sensitivity of the detected infectious agents to basic antibacterial drugs turned out to be sharply reduced. It is noteworthy that 65% of P. aeruginosa strains were sensitive to meropenem.Conclusion. In patients with recurrent urolithiasis combined with CHD, the proportion of gram-positive coccas was increased on the background of calculous pyelonephritis with a simultaneous decrease in the proportion of poly-resistant gram-negative infectious agents (nosocomial strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae).

Co-infection of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli among COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Simultaneous infection of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens in patients with COVID-19 has necessitated the revision of the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the grounds of evidence-based studies and antimicrobial stewardship principles. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli co-infection among hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients of a tertiary care centre. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urinary tract infection suspected COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, from 25th June to 24th December 2021 after ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee with registration number 207707860. Convenience sampling was used. Serum procalcitonin levels were also measured. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data, and mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Among the 49 hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients, 3 (6.12%) (0.59-12.83 at 95% Confidence Interval) were co-infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Absolute non-susceptibility of Escherichia coli to antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and ampicillin was observed. All isolates were multidrug-resistant. All co-infected patients were female and had a median age of 35 years. Mean±SD value for procalcitonin in patients with co-infection (6.13±7.88 ng/ml) was six times higher than for the patients without co-infection (0.95±1.11 ng/ml). Escherichia coli co-infection in hospitalised COVID-19 patients was less frequent as compared to published literature. The serum procalcitonin value in patients with co-infection was substantially higher than that of patients without co-infection. antimicrobial drug resistance; co-infection; COVID-19; Escherichia coli; procalcitonin.

Povećana učestalost urinarnih infekcija izazvanih rodom Enterococcus kod pacijenata COVID-19 bolnice Kliničkog centra Vojvodine

Objective. To investigate the frequency of isolates of various uropathogens in patients of the COVID-19 Hospital "Mišeluk" in comparison with patients from the nonCOVID-19 zone of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina (KCV). Methods. For the purpose of this study, information was collected on urine isolates sent from the COVID-19 hospital and the non-COVID-19 zones of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina in a three-month period, with samples from the non-COVID-19 zone KCV used as controls. Results. Of the 449 patients from the COVID-19 Hospital, the most common causative agents of intrahospital urinary infection (IUI) were members of the genus Enterococcus, (216/449; 48.10%), which in most cases caused IUI in women (127/216; 58.79%). The second most common causative agent of IUT in COVID-19 was Klebsiella pneumoniae (85/449; 18.93%). Of the 913 patients from the non-COVID-19 KCV clinics, the most common cause of IUI was Escherichia coli (249/913; 27.27%), predominantly in women (199/249; 79.91%, (ch2 (1) = 49,042). p <0.00001)). The second most frequent causative agents of IUTs were members of the genus Enterococcus, (216/913; 23.65%), with no significant difference in distribution between the sexes (ch2 (1) = 0.0833; p = 0.847). Conclusion. The most common causes of IUI in the COVID-19 KCV hospital were members of the genera Enterococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae with almost equal distribution between the sexes. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of different IUI agents in the COVID-19 hospital patients versus the nonCOVID-19 KCV clinics. These results may be important in determining empirical therapy in patients of the COVID-19 KCV Hospital, as well as in planning procedures for the reduction of nosocomial infections.

CHILDHOOD URINARY TRACT INFECTION: CLINICAL SIGNS, BACTERIAL CAUSES AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY

Background and objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the neglected infection in children from the side of study its clinical symptoms, causative organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity. This investigation searches for determine clinical symptoms frequency, prevalence rate, bacterial features, and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial urinary tract infection in children attending private children’s health center in Sana’a city. Methods: In a prospective study carried out over a 24-month period, 1925 samples from children patients suspected of having a UTI were investigated, of which 175 were culture-positive. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Isolated bacteria were identified by standard tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the disk diffusion method. Results: Fever was the most frequent symptom that occurred (88%) while other UTI symptoms were less frequent than that reported in adult patients for UTI. The most common etiological agent was Escherichia coli (89.7%), followed Staphylococcus aureus (3.4%), Klebsiella spp (2.9%), Proteus spp (2.3%), and beta haemolytic streptococci (1.7%). Results of antimicrobial resistant for E. coli, as the most prevalent cause of UTI, to commonly used antibiotics are ranged from less than 3% for levofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin and cefoxitin to more than 75% for tetracycline, nalidixic acid, doxycycline, co-trimoxazol and amoxicillin . Conclusions: The results show the most common symptom of UTI are fever and lack of more obvious symptoms of UTI in adult patients. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of the causes of UTI are highly changeable and constant surveillance of trends in resistance patterns of uropathogens among children is essential. Peer Review History: Received: 11 July 2021; Revised: 13 August; Accepted: 5 September, Available online: 15 September 2021 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr Dr. Salfarina Ramli, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. salfarina2892@uitm.edu.my Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, edress2020@gmail.com Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com Similar Articles: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN POST OPERATIVE PATIENTS: PREVALENCE RATE, BACTERIAL PROFILE, ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFIC RISK FACTORS BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN

Results from a large cross-sectional\xa0study assessing Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections in patients with primary infertility

Female and male infertility have been associated to Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections. However, evidence from large studies assessing their prevalence and putative associations in patients with infertility is still scarce. The study design was a cross-sectional study including 5464 patients with a recent diagnosis of couple’s primary infertility and 404 healthy control individuals from Cordoba, Argentina. Overall, the prevalence of C. trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis urogenital infection was significantly higher in patients than in control individuals (5.3%, 22.8% and 7.4% vs. 2.0%, 17.8% and 1.7%, respectively). C. trachomatis and M. hominis infections were significantly more prevalent in male patients whereas Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis infections were more prevalent in female patients. Of clinical importance, C. trachomatis and Ureaplasma spp. infections were significantly higher in patients younger than 25 years. Moreover, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis infections were associated to each other in either female or male patients being reciprocal risk factors of their co-infection. Our data revealed that C. trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis are prevalent uropathogens in patients with couple’s primary infertility. These results highlight the importance of including the screening of urogenital infections in the diagnostic workup of infertility.

Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Uropathogens in Patients with the Community- and Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Somalia

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections in the community and in hospitalized patients. Objectives: To investigate the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens and determine the appropriate empirical antibiotics to treat UTIs in the community and hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 2,485 urine cultures were performed at Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital. Through the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and commercial disks, antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance were studied based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) system using Mueller-Hinton agar. The identification of the microorganisms was done using eosin methylene blue agar and blood agar. Results: Escherichia coli was the most predominant pathogen (63.4%) in all age groups, both genders, and in the community and hospital-acquired UTIs, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (13.3%). Ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, cefuroxime, and cefixime revealed the highest resistance level (82-100%) against uropathogens. Ciprofloxacin (67.7%) and levofloxacin (54.2%) showed increasing resistance rates against uropathogens. Tigecycline, colimycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin exhibited the most powerful sensitivity rate (100%). Moreover, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and amikacin manifested a significant sensitivity rate ranging from 86% - 95%. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most prevalent pathogen that belonged to multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant patterns in 69.1% of the samples. Escherichia coli and K. pneumonia showed similar multidrug-resistant patterns in 35.2% of the cases. Conclusions: The results indicated increased trends of antimicrobial resistance rate in trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (85.1%) and fluoroquinolones (61%) against E. coli that was higher than the recommended local resistance rate for empirical therapy (< 20% and < 10%, respectively). According to the results, using fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin are suggested for UTI empiric treatment, and other antibiotics should be prescribed carefully.

RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF THE COURSE AND VISIBILITY OF THE MANDIBULAR CANAL BY PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY

Background and Objectives: The mandibular canal is a canal inside the mandible that contains the inferior alveolar artery, the inferior alveolar nerve and the inferior alveolar vein. The anatomy and variations of the human mandible are very important for planning various surgical measures such as extraction of the third molar, dental implants and mandibular reconstruction. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of the different courses of the mandibular canal and to investigate the visibility of the mandibular canal by panoramic radiography, among a sample of Yemeni adults.
 Subjects and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Sana'a city on a sample of Yemeni adults. The study consisted of panoramic radiographs of 928 patients; the number of males was 340 (36.6%) and 588 females (63.4%). The mandibular canal course, as shown in the panoramic radiographs, was classified into four types: elliptical, linear, turning curves and spoon-shaped. The visibility of this canal from the first to the third molar region was assessed through visual determination of whether the lower canal was clearly visible, possibly visible, or invisible.
 Results: Elliptical curves were the most observed along the mandibular canal course at 62.2% of the total, followed by the linear curve (24.8%) while the lower rate curve spoon (7.9%) and the turning curve (5.2%). There were no statistically considerable differences between the distribution of the mandibular canal courses between males and females except in the spoon curve where the ratio was 10.8% in males versus 6.1% in females (p <0.05). The percentage of clearly visible mandibular canals was the highest among the spoon-shaped curves (49.9% in the first molar, 63% in the second, 78.1% in the third molar) and the lowest among the linear curves (10.9% in the first, 18.7% in the second and 33.5% in the third molar). On panoramic radiographs, the invisible mandibular canals are found in 198 (21.3%) of the examined sites in the first molar region, in 85 (11%) in the second molar region, and in only 6 (0.64%) in the third molar region.
 Conclusion: It was observed that elliptical curves along the path of the mandibular canal were the most present, while a decrease in the ratio of the two types of spoon curve and turning curve was observed. It was found that spoon curve was significantly more common among males than females. It was also found that the visibility of madibular canal is fewer in the first molar region than in the third molar region.
 Peer Review History: 
 Received: 21 September 2020; Revised: 8 October; Accepted: 29 October, Available online: 15 November 2020
 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
 Received file 
 
 Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
 Reviewer(s) detail:
 Dr. Sunita Singh, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, sunita.nccs@gmail.com
 Dr. Ali Abdullah A. Al-Mehdar, Thamar University, Yemen, alialmehdar2006@yahoo.com
 
 Comments of reviewer(s): 
 
 Similar Articles:
 BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN

Bacteriology and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens in Patients with Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Background: Hospital acquired infections (HAI) serves as a significant public health problem in developing as well as in developed country. The incidence of HAIs in ICU is rising, largely because of increasing use of invasive procedures. About 25% of hospitalized patients undergo urinary catheterization hence it enhances the chances of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) which is difficult to cure. The present study is designed with the aim to determine the bacterial pathogens causing Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with indwelling urinary catheter and to study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methodology: This was a Cross-Sectional, hospital-based study carried out from August to September 2018 in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. A convenient sample size of 50 Catheterized patients admitted to the hospital from whom urine samples were collected. Fifty urine samples were also collected from non catheterized patients as control group. Informed written consent was taken from patients before collecting the urine sample. Data was entered and analyzed on Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) Version Mean and Standard deviation was calculated for quantitative data and proportions were calculated for qualitative data. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 90 years with a mean of 50.49 years. Majority (62%) were in 46-75 years age group and were males (68%). The rate of developing UTI was more with increase in duration of catheterization and it was 86% with 8-14 days of catheterization. Among catheterized patients Escherichia coli was found to be the most frequently isolated pathogen 23(36.5%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 12 (19%) and Enterococcus species 8(12.7%). Among the 31 positive samples, 10 samples showed growth of 2 organisms and 6 samples showed growth of 3 organisms. Conclusion: Reduction of Hospital acquired infections and antibiotic resistance is both a challenge and goal of all health care centers around the globe. To lower our economic burden and improve the healthcare standards of the catheterized patient admitted to the hospital we have to broaden our knowledge regarding safe use of indwelling urinary devices.

Antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogens in patients with urinary tract infection in a tertiary care center, Karnataka

Antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogens in patients with urinary tract infection in a tertiary care center, Karnataka

Active surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns in urinary tract infections in primary care in Switzerland.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common reasons for prescribing antibiotics in primary care. In Switzerland, the Swiss Center for Antibiotic Resistances (ANRESIS) provides resistance data by passive surveillance, which overestimates the true resistance rates. The aim of this study was to provide actual data of the antimicrobial resistance patterns in patients with UTI in Swiss primary care. From June 2017 to August 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 163 practices in Switzerland. We determined the resistance patterns of uropathogens in patients with a diagnosis of a lower UTI and analyzed risk factors for resistance. Patients with age < 18years, pregnancy or a pyelonephritis were excluded. 1352 patients (mean age 53.8, 94.9% female) were included in the study. 1210 cases (89.5%) were classified as uncomplicated UTI. Escherichia coli(E. coli) was the most frequent pathogen (74.6%). Susceptibility proportions of E. coli to ciprofloxacin (88.9%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol (TMP/SMX) (85.7%) were significantly higher than the proportions reported by ANRESIS. We found high susceptibility to the recommended first-line antibiotics nitrofurantoin (99.5%) and fosfomycin (99.4%). Increasing age, antimicrobial exposure and a recent travel history were independently associated with resistance. In this study, we report actual data on the resistance patterns of uropathogens in primary care in Switzerland. Escherichia coli showed low resistance rates to the recommended first-line antibiotics. Resistance to TMP/SMX was significantly lower than reported by ANRESIS, making TMP/SMX a suitable and cheap alternative for the empirical treatment.

Frequency of urinary tract infection and antibiotic sensitivity of uropathogens in patients with diabetes.

Objective:To determine the frequency of urinary tract infections and antibiotic sensitivity among patients with diabetes.Methods:This observational study was carried out in Microbiology Department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), Baqai Medical University from April 2015 to June 2016. All patients with diabetes having symptoms of UTI attending out patients department of BIDE were analyzed. All samples received in the laboratory were processed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by disc diffusion method.Results:A total number of 199 urine specimens, frequency of UTI were 24 (12.06%) in male and 175 (87.94%) in female. UTIs were highly found in (age group 51-60) 70 (35.18%). Escherichia coli was the most frequent pathogen (71%), followed by Klebsiellapneumoniae (7.48%), Proteus mirabilis (1.87%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.35%), Candida (5.61%) and Candidaalbicans were (2.80%). Majority of gram negative uropathogens were shown high sensitivity towards Imipenem and Piperacillin / Tazobactam followed by Nitrofurantion, Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacine, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Cefixime, Nalidixic acid and Cephradine. Gram positive was most sensitive to Nitrofurantionand Vancomycin followed by Piperacillin / Tazobactam, Imipenem, Cephradine, Ceftriaxone, Norfloxacin and Cefixime.Conclusion:We observed the higher frequency of UTIs in female as compared to male participants due to poor hygiene. E.coli was the most frequent pathogen responsible for UTI in patients with diabetes, followed by Staphylococcus aureus.

Некоторые эпидемиологические аспекты инфекций мочевыводящих путей на примере крупных стационаров Алтайского края

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases in outpatient and inpatient practice. to analyze some epidemiological aspects of UTIs in large hospitals of the Altai Territory (AK) for 2007-2017 yy. a retrospective analysis of UTI incidence, including acute and chronic pyelonephritis, acute and chronic cystitis in the AK for 2007-2017, as well as in large medical organizations (MO) AK (KGBUZ "Altai regional hospital for war veterans" and KGBUZ. "Regional clinical hospital") was done. The main uropathogens in patients who were treated in the MO of AK were determined and the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants was analyzed. a knowledge of the modern structure of uropathogens and systematic analysis of their sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs is of outmost practical importance and ensures a timely and individualized approach to the empirical antibiotic therapy even before the results of urine culture are known as well as allows to select proper disinfectants in the MO.

PREVALENCE OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEMEN

Objective: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are common causes of nosocomial infections and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In addition, the antibiotic resistance for MRSA is a major concern in clinical practice. To study the prevalence and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolates from patients in a private hospital. Methods: The study was performed at a private hospital in Sana’a, Yemen. All the patients' samples from January, 2017 to December, 2017 were included. All isolates from inpatients’ clinical specimens (mainly respiratory secretion, pus, urine, and blood) were collected and standard isolation procedures were applied to all the samples. The records were taken from the microbiology department. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer's Disc diffusion technique, following the national committee for clinical laboratory standards. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of all the MRSA strains were studied against several antibiotics. Results: A total of 2079 samples were gathered during the study period. Among them, 199 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. A majority of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were from pus specimen (n=81/199; 40.7%). MRSA prevalence among the patients was 17.6 % (n=35/199; 17.6). Highest proportion of MRSA was in ICU and surgical departments about 29% of all MRSA isolates. A majority of MRSA isolates were from sputum specimen (n=18/35; 51.4%). The study findings showed that MRSA isolates had the highest frequency of resistant (100%) to levofloxacin and amoxicillin/ clavulinic acid, followed by ciprofloxacin 97%, gentamicin and ampicillin/ sulbactam 94 %, cefuroxime 91 %, moxifloxacin 76%, erythromycin 71.5%, clindamycin 70.5%, and imipenem 55%. The highest frequency of sensitivity (100%) was observed with linezolide, vancomycin, and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: In conclusion, MRSA isolates were highly susceptible to newer drugs such as linezolid and to vancomycin which is not a commonly prescribed drug due to the higher nephrotoxic antibiotic. A more careful monitoring for use of broad-spectrum antibiotics should be instituted. Peer Review History: Received 5 July 2018; Revised 11 July; Accepted 13 July, Available online 15 July 2018 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mahmoud S. Abdallah, University of Sadat city, Egypt, dr_samy777@yahoo.com Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Similar Articles: BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN

PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF MRSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AMONG MILITARY PATIENTS AT 48 MEDICAL COMPOUND IN SANA'A CITY-YEMEN

Objective: Methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus evolved in the 1970 and have troubled hospitals worldwide with persistent infections in patients. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and risk factors of MRSA isolated from clinical specimens among military patients at 48 Medical Compound in Sana'a city - Yemen. Methods: The study included 233 patients of whom suffering from Staphylococcus aureus infections. Specimens and data collected from November 2016 to November 2017. Standard methods of isolation and identifications were used to isolate bacteria in pours culture then Staphylococcus aureus were identifying using standard cultural techniques. MRSA was determined by the disc diffusion method to oxacillin and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method for selected antibiotics. Results: The prevalence rate of MRSA was 19.3% and there was significant association between MRSA and older age patients, and surgical site infections. There was higher rate of antibiotics resistant for tested antibiotics in MRSA isolates comparing with lower rate of antibiotics resistant in MSSA. 60% of the MRSA isolates were resistant to vancomycin. They were also susceptible to erythromycin and rifampicin (100%), but showed resistance to Cotrimoxazole and Gentamycine. Conclusion: In conclusion, the emergence of S. aureus isolates resistant to vancomycin and other wide range of antibiotics have raised MRSA in Yemen into a multi-drug-resistant ‘Superbug”, making it more and more dangerous than ever in hospital environments. Regular surveillance of hospital associated infections and monitoring antibiotic sensitivity pattern and strict drug policy for antibiotics used within and outside the hospital environments are recommend. Peer Review History: Received 20 June 2018; Revised 29 June; Accepted 5 July, Available online 15 July 2018 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Tanveer Ahmed Khan, Hajvery University, Lahore, Pakistan, tanveerahmedkhan754@gmail.com Dr. Wilman Ismael Carrillo Teran, Technical University of Ambato Avda, Ecuador, wilmanct@gmail.com Similar Articles: BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN

The analysis of microbial spectrum and antibiotic resistance of uropathogens isolated from patients with urinary stones.

The characteristics and resistance patterns of urine bacteriology in patients with urinary tract stones have not been extensively studied. This study aims to investigate the microbial spectrum and antibiotic resistance of uropathogens isolated from urinary tract infections in patients with urinary stones and provide a basis for appropriate antimicrobial treatments. The results of positive bladder midstream urine cultures and their antimicrobial susceptibility were retrospectively analysed from hospitalised patients with diagnosis of urinary calculi and urinary tract infections between January 2010 and December 2015. A total of 3892 samples were analysed during the study period: 2201 were female patients (56.6%) and 1691 were male patients (43.4%). The 4 most common uropathogens were Escherichiacoli (48.7%), Klebsiellapneumoniae (10.4%), Enterococcusfaecalis (8.7%) and Proteusmirabilis (5.2%). Both E.coli (60.8%) and Proteus mirabilis (7.5%) were higher in female patients than in male patients (32.8%; 2.3%; P<.05). ESBL-positive E.coli accounted for 59.5% of total number of E.coli, while ESBL-positive K.pneumoniae comprised 42.0% of total K.pneumoniae. The majority of uropathogens in patients with stones had high resistance to fluoroquinolones, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, penicillins, sulfonamides and monobactams (resistance >20%). The microbial spectrum in patients with urinary stones had a complex pattern. The uropathogens showed marked multidrug resistance and a large proportion of the uropathogens were able to produce β-lactamase.

Резистентность уропатогенов к антибактериальным препаратам у пациентов с острым обструктивным пиелонефритом

Резистентность уропатогенов к антибактериальным препаратам у пациентов с острым обструктивным пиелонефритом