Uric Acid In Type Research Articles

Study of Serum Uric Acid in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Study of Serum Uric Acid in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Study of Serum Uric Acid in Type 2 Male Diabetes Mellitus Patient In a Tertiary Care Hospital

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by relative or absolute deficiency of insulin, resulting in glucose intolerance. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. Hyperuricemia is probably associated with glucose intolerance due to various mechanisms, however, the most important is the association between insulin and renal resistance to absorption of urates. 1/2, The aim of the study is to examine the serum uric acid level in Type 2 male Diabetic patients and to assess the association of serum uric acid level with fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood sugar two hours after breakfast (2HAB), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), duration of diabetes, and exercise time. This case-control study was conducted in Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), out-patient department (OPD) during the period of June 2016 to January 2017. It included 110 Subjects of type 2 male diabetic patients as cases. In addition 100 age and sex matched non-diabetic male subjects were randomly selected as control Results: The mean serum uric acid of all cases of Type 2 DM was 8.39±2.61mg/dl which was significantly higher than controls (5.14±84 mg/dl). The study found that there were significant differences in mean age, duration of diabetes, exercise time, waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) within cases and controls but no significant differences of mean BMI was found. This study also found that significant differences in mean of FBS, ABF and HbA1C between case and controls but there was no significant differences of mean TG, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL. The serum uric acid was not significantly correlated with FBS, 2HAB and HbA1C but significantly correlated with exercise time where r =.340. Chi square test was carried out to measure the association between HbA1C and Uric acid category. But had no significant association Conclusion: Our study findings conclude that serum uric acid is not significantly correlated with FBS, 2HAB and HbA1C, but significantly correlated with age, duration of DM, and exercise time.
 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2018; 11(2): 11-16

The Mechanism of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Reducing Uric Acid in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Hyperuricemia is a common comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as insulin resistance (IR) or hyperinsulinemia is associated with higher serum uric acid (SUA) levels due to decreased uric acid (UA) secretion, and SUA vice versa is an important risk factor that promotes the occurrence and progression of T2DM and its complications. Growing evidence suggests that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), a novel anti-diabetic drug initially developed to treat T2DM, may exert favorable effects in reducing SUA. Currently, one of the possible mechanisms is that SGLT2i increases urinary glucose excretion, probably inhibiting glucose transport 9 (GLUT9)-mediated uric acid reabsorption in the collecting duct, resulting in increased uric acid excretion in exchange for glucose reabsorption. Regardless of this possible mechanism, the underlying comprehensive mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. Therefore, in the present review, a variety of other potential mechanisms will be covered to identify the therapeutic role of SGLT-2i in hyperuricemia.

A STUDY ON SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Backgrond And Objective: This study was done to note the levels of serum uric acid in type 2 diabetes patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction, to correlate the blood uric acid levels with Killip Classication, to study the role of serum uric acid as a marker of short-term mortality in coronary heart disease, to study the relation between serum uric acid and cardiac and CPK-MB in acute myocardial infarction, and to study the relation between serum uric acid and Systemic Hypertension & Diabetes Mellitus in coronary heart disease. This study was done at Methodology: Narayana Medical College Hospital. This is a Descriptive analytical study. It was done for 1 year. Study will be conducted on 70 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In the present study serum uric acid positive Results: ly correlated with duration of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors like obesity (high BMI, abnormal waist hip ratio), hypertension, dyslipidemia and the results were statistically signicant. Conclusion: Serum uric acid levels were signicantly higher in diabetic population.Serum uric acid levels in diabetic patients with CAD were signicantly higher. Serum uric acid above 6 mg/dl in diabetic population is a marker or risk factor for CAD

Role of Aminotransferase in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia with carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the role of aminotransferase in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology of the study: This cross sectional study was conducted in BVH, Bahawalpur during 2021. The data was collected from 100 patients of both genders. Patients whose fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dl on 2 occasion were included in the study. Patients with any concomitant diseases which can alter liver function and patient with hepatitis, alcoholic and taking any medicine were excluded from the study. Results: The data was collected from 100 patients with a mean age of 53.72 ± 9.82 years old and mean duration of disease of 7.41 ± 6.01 years were included in the final analysis. There were no significant difference in the levels of Fas, AST, Cl, K, Ca, BUN, creatinine and uric acid in type II diabetics compared to the non-diabetic healthy control group. Conclusion: Serum alanine aminotransferases are frequently high in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there was no association with gender, body mass index, or duration of diabetes.

Association of serum uric acid with albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity and/or essential arterial hypertension

Abstract. Decompensation of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), duration of the disease, level of proteinuria, obesity and essential arterial hypertension (AH) play the main role in the development and progress of diabetic nephropathy.
 The present study aimed to analyze the level of serum uric acid in type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid overweight/obesity and AH and to find its possible correlations with lipid panel data and urinary albumin excretion.
 Methods. 579 medical records of type 2 diabetic patients treated at the Endocrinological department of the municipal non-profit enterprise "Ternopil University Hospital" of Ternopil Regional Council (Ternopil) in 2018-2019 years were analyzed.
 Results. The analysis of renal panel data of type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid overweight/obesity and AH found out that only serum levels of urea and uric acid were statistically different in the patients with only T2DM and comorbid course of T2DM. Herewith the maximal changes were established for serum uric acid level, which in type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity exceeded by 175.9 % data of only T2DM patients. Moreover, it was established a significant direct relationship between serum uric acid level and BMI and dyslipidemia in both groups of type 2 diabetic patients - with comorbid obesity and with comorbid obesity and AH. At the same time, a significant direct association between serum uric acid level and albuminuria was established only in type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity and AH.
 Conclusions. Our retrospective study indicates that serum uric acid level is markedly elevated and positively associated with albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity and AH and can be used as a biomarker allowing further risk stratification for development and/or progress of diabetic nephropathy in this cohort of the patients.

Correlation between serum C-peptide-releasing effects and the risk of elevated uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Our study aimed to investigate the C-peptide-releasing effect associated with the risk of elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the cross-sectional study, 345 patients with T2DM hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were consecutively enrolled, and their baseline data were collected. The study design used two parameters for C-peptide releasing effects: the multiplication effect of 1 h postprandial C-peptide to fasting C-peptide ratio (1hCp/FCp) and 2hCp/FCp; the incremental effect of 1hCp minus FCp (1hΔCp) and 2hΔCp. The patients with T2DM in the upper quartiles of SUA had higher FCp, 1hCp, 1hΔCp, 2hCp, and 2hΔCp. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that after adjusting all the confounding factors, the serum C-peptide including 1hCp (β = 5.14, p = 0.036), 1hΔCp (β = 7.80, p = 0.010), 2hCp (β = 4.27, p = 0.009) and 2hΔCp (β = 5.20, p = 0.005) were still positively correlated with SUA levels in patients with T2DM. In female patients, only the 2hCp (β = 4.78, p = 0.017) and 2hΔCp (β = 5.28, p = 0.019) were associated with SUA level; however, in male patients, no C-peptide parameter was associated with SUA levels in T2DM (all p > 0.05). Within a certain range, the elevated SUA levels might be associated with the better C-peptide incremental effect of islet β cell function in T2DM, especially in female patients.

Endogenous fructose is correlated with urinary albumin creatinine ratios and uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus

AimTo detect the expression levels of fasting serum fructose and ketohexokinase (KHK) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at different stages of urinary albumin creatinine ratios (UACR) and serum uric acid (sUA). Methods339 T2DM patients and 107 normal volunteers were divided into the normal uric acid (275 cases) and high uric acid group (171 cases) according to uric acid levels. T2DM patients were divided into the normal albuminuria group (118 cases, UACR < 30 mg/g), microalbuminuria group (112 cases, UACR 30–300 mg/g) and large amount of albuminuria group (109 cases, UACR > 300 mg/g). Levels of fasting serum fructose and KHK were detected and statistical analysis was carried out. ResultsFasting serum fructose and KHK levels increased with the increase of UACR and sUA (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that fasting serum fructose and KHK levels were positively correlated with UACR and sUA (P < 0.05). Ridge regression analysis showed that fasting serum fructose and KHK were also correlated with urinary albumin and uric acid (P < 0.05). ConclusionFasting serum fructose and KHK in endogenous fructose are associated with serum uric acid and urinary albumin levels in patients with T2DM.Trial number: ChiCTR2000039870.

A Study on Serum Uric Acid Level in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Background and Aim: Morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases, particularly diabetes are increasing rapidly in Pakistan, the prevalence has reached 17.1%. A strong association has been witnessed between type II diabetes mellitus with atherosclerosis and serum uric acid level. The current study aim was to assess the levels of serum uric acid in type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 85 diagnosed patients of type II diabetes mellitus in Diabetes hospital, Peshawar and the Department of General Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore during the period from March 2020 to August 2020.Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosed patients 85 and healthy control 30 were evaluated in this study. The level of hyperuricemia was defined for women &gt; 6 mg/dl and men &gt;7 mg/dl in men. Results: In this study, a total of 85 diabetic diagnosed patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. No significant differences were there in the baseline characteristics like anthropometric and socio-demographic parameters. The mean age for diagnosed and control cases was 58.6±8.7 and 56.5±7.6 years with an age range of 40 and 80 years. Hyperuricemia proportion among diabetic patients was 12.13% while none of the control cases had hyperuricemia. The uric acid means level increased from 4.29±0.81 mg/dl with a diabetic duration between 3 and 4 years to 4.59±0.99 mg/dl with a diabetic duration of 5 to 7 years. Furthermore, mean serum uric acid level reached 6.50±1.08 in cases with diabetic duration 8 to 12 years. Statistically, a significant association was found between diabetic duration and serum uric acid. Also, a positive correlation was found in hyperlipidemia, serum uric acid levels, and hypertension. Conclusion: In diabetic patients serum uric acid levels were found to be significantly higher. Diabetic patients had hypertension, elevated serum uric acid levels, and high triglycerides with dyslipidemia. The rise in serum uric acid levels is proportional to the duration of diabetes. Keywords: Serum uric acid, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hypertension

STUDY OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. AIM:To evaluate the serum uric acid level in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS:It was a prospective observational study conducted on 100 patients attending Medicine Department of Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. The study was done to assess the uric acid status in patients with diabetes mellitus and to find out its association with Age, Gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), Dyslipidemia and Hypertension. Relevant history, vitals, clinical examination and laboratory investigations were done and recorded. RESULTS:This study evaluated the level of serum uric acid in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and confirmed there significantly high prevalence of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetes subjects and increased association with increasing age, BMI, WHR, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension and female sex. CONCLUSION: Patients with Poor metabolic control and longer duration of diabetes were more susceptible to develop various complications including hyperuricemia. Early diagnosis and control of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications is indicated and potential therapeutic approaches (therapeutic life style changes and pharmacotherapy) should be initiated.

Evaluation of serum uric acid in type two diabetic nephropathy patients

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading complications of longstanding diabetes mellitus. With the background of inflammation, there is need for laboratory tests for early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic nephropathy. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study done after screening, patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria 50 patients of type II diabetic patients with nephropathy (Group I) and 50 type II diabetic patients without nephropathy(Group II) were included in the study. Serum uric acid was estimated by standard enzymatic uricase method on autoanalyser ADVIA 1800. Serum urea was estimated by urease method and serum creatinine was estimated by Jaffe’s method and Sr.Uric Acid by uricase method using fully autoanalyzer ADVIA 1800. Results: The mean age in group I was 59 + 9.28 years and group II was 56.2 + 11.47 years. The serum Uric Acid was 9.51 +2.46 (mg/dl) in group I and statistically significant (p+ 1.68 mg/dl. The Serum creatinine in group I (6.68 + 2.94 mg/dl) and statistically significant p+ 0.77 mg/dl). There was positive correlation between Sr.Uric Acid and Sr. Creatinine (r=0.625, p Conclusion: Regular detection can help the clinician to take appropriate action to delay complications which in turn may help preserve renal function in DN patients. Keywords: Creatinine, Urea, Fasting blood glucose, Urine albumin.

Endothelin Level and Its Correlation with Uric Acid in Type 2 Diabetic Multiuse Patients

This research aims to find the direct linkage among the Uric acid rates with Endothelin (ET-1), which is considered the indication of endothelial dysfunction or endothelial damage in patients with T2-DM. This study, included 96 patients with T2-DM and 96 controls, the mean age ranged (56.73 ± 9.14), (56.42 ± 8.74) respectively. Results showed a highly significant increase in Endothelin (ET-1) levels, uric acid, urea, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed as compared with the control group, while Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and body mass (BMI) were not substantially increased. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between ET-1 with uric acid, urea, SBP, DBP in patients with T2-DM (p &lt; 0.05). Finally, elevated uric acid levels in older people who have chronic blood pressure are one of the factors influencing the increased release of ET-1, thus the development of cardiovascular disease.

Prevalence and Determinants of Hyperuricemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Jimma Medical Center, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2019.

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and determinants of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetic patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center from March 1 to June 30, 2019.MethodsThis institution-based cross-sectional study was used to assess the level of serum uric acid in type 2 diabetic patients attending their follow-up at Jimma Medical Center chronic illness clinic. A systematic sampling technique was used to include 287 type 2 diabetic patients in the study and an interviewer-based questionnaire was used to collect important data from each participant. Five milliliters of blood were collected from each participant under sterile conditions and serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Serum was stored at −20°C and analyzed for serum uric acid using an ABX Pentra 400 clinical chemistry analyzer. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to assess significant associations between hyperuricemia and independent factors. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant in the final model.ResultsThe mean±SD age of the study participants was 51.79±14.36 years. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was found to be 22% (n=66/287) in the study population. Hyperuricemia was common in those aged ≥60 years and males. Obesity (AOR=7.84, 95% CI=2.005–30.666), duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) ≥10 years (AOR=3.963, 95% CI=1.902–8.259), family history of CVD (AOR=2.929, 95% CI=1.124–7.630), alcohol drinking (AOR=5.83, 95% CI=2.341–14.545) and increased DBP (AOR=4.198, 95% CI=1.772–9.949) were determinant variables for hyperuricemia in type 2 DM.ConclusionHyperuricemia was relatively common among type 2 diabetic patients. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was common among patients with obesity, a long duration of DM and increased diastolic blood pressure, and alcohol drinkers. There is a need to raise awareness of lifestyle modification, healthy behavior and early diagnosis of hyperuricemia in type 2 diabetic patients.

Nephrolithiasis and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) decreased serum uric acid in type 2 diabetes. Hyperuricemia is associated with an increased risk of nephrolithiasis. The present meta-analysis, performed on trials with duration ≥52 weeks in comparison with placebo or active comparators, suggests no effects of SGLT-2i on the risk of nephrolithiasis.

Serum uric acid level in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most important risk factor associated with two to four fold increased incidence of coronary artery disease. The major risk factors for CAD are hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking Objectives: To study the level of serum uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the correlation between elevated serum uric acid level and the component of metabolic syndrome like obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia.Methods: The study was done as descriptive analytical study among the diabetic patients in a tertiary care setting during the period January 2018 to February 2019. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were clearly defined and the study participants were recruited for the study after getting the informed consent. The socio demographic profile, clinical and laboratory data were collected from the blood sample obtained from the patients with the standardized procedures. Data was entered in Microsoft excel spread sheet and analyzed statistically using SPSS statistical software. Student ‘t’ test and Chi-square test values were applied for significance.Results: Serum uric acid in the study population and control varied from 3.0 to 8.1 and 2.7 to 5.5 mg/dl respectively. The mean and standard deviation of uric acid among cases was 5.08±1.42 while in control it was 3.55±0.62 respectively. The serum uric acid level of diabetics was very much elevated compare with controls and it was highly significant. Significant correlation was noticed between serum uric acid and BMI as well as WHR. Elevated uric acid levels were significantly noticed among those with hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease and chronicity of the diabetes.Conclusions: Uric acid was significantly elevated in diabetic population and the mean value of serum uric acid level was higher in longer duration of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity which are the components of metabolic syndrome.

Performance of a Natural Language Processing Method to Extract Stone Composition From the Electronic Health Record

To demonstrate the utility of a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm for mining kidney stone composition in a large-scale electronic health records (EHR) repository. We developed StoneX, a pattern-matching method for extracting kidney stone composition information from clinical notes. We trained the extraction algorithm on manually annotated text mentions of calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, hydroxyapatite, brushite, uric acid, and struvite stones. We employed StoneX to identify patients with kidney stone composition data and mine >125 million notes from our institutional EHR. Analyses performed on the extracted patients included stone type conversions over time, survival analysis from a second stone surgery, and disease associations by stone composition to validate the phenotyping method against known associations. The NLP algorithm identified 45,235 text mentions corresponding to 11,585 patients. Overall, the system achieved positive predictive value >90% for calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, hydroxyapatite, brushite, and struvite; except for uric acid (positive predictive value = 87.5%). Survival analysis from a second stone surgery showed statistically significant differences among stone types (P = .03). Several phenotype associations were found: uric acid-type 2 diabetes (odds ratio, OR = 2.69, 95% confidence intervals, CI = 1.91-3.79), struvite-neurogenic bladder (OR = 12.27, 95% CI = 4.33-34.79), struvite-urinary tract infection (OR = 7.36, 95% CI = 3.01-17.99), hydroxyapatite-pulmonary collapse (OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 2.10-6.42), hydroxyapatite-neurogenic bladder (OR = 5.23, 95% CI = 2.05-13.36), brushite-calcium metabolism disorder (OR = 4.59, 95% CI = 2.14-9.81), and brushite-hypercalcemia (OR = 4.09, 95% CI = 1.90-8.80). NLP extraction of kidney stone composition from large-scale EHRs is feasible with high precision, enabling high-throughput epidemiological studies of kidney stone disease. These tools will enable high fidelity kidney stone research from the EHR.

Correlation of Serum 1,5-AG with Uric Acid in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Different Renal Functions.

Aim Recent studies found that levels of serum uric acid (SUA) were positively associated with serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the current study, we investigated the association between 1,5-AG and UA in T2DM patients with different renal functions. Methods A total of 405 T2DM patients, 213 men and 192 women, participated in the study. Patients' clinical information was collected, and serum 1,5-AG, SUA, and other clinical characteristics were measured. Correlation analyses were carried out to analyze their correlation with serum 1,5-AG and SUA. Results The male group showed higher levels of SUA than the female group (282.1 ± 91.2 and 244.7 ± 71.89 μmol/L, respectively, P < 0.01). Pearson's correlation coefficients determine that SUA was positively associated with 1,5-AG in both men (r = 0.213, P < 0.05) and women (r = 0.223, P < 0.05), and such relationship can be influenced by the renal function. The positive association still existed with moderate impaired renal function. Moreover, 1,5-AG had a negative association with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in T2DM subjects with eGFR ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.01). Conclusion The positive association between SUA and 1,5-AG still exists in T2DM with moderate renal failure. 1,5-AG can still reflect the glucose levels in patients with CKD stages 1-3.

&lt;b&gt;Glycosuria Lowers Serum Uric Acid in Type 2 Diabetics&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;b&gt;Glycosuria Lowers Serum Uric Acid in Type 2 Diabetics&lt;/b&gt;

Comparative Study of Level of Serum Uric Acid in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Hypertension

Background: The role of uric acid in the progression of prediabetes to diabetes has been known. Serum uric acid has been shown to beassociated with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. However, conflicting data exist asregards the serum uric acid (UA) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are associated with risk factors andcomplications.Material &amp; Methods: The present study was designed to look for any association of serum uric acid with hypertension in type 2diabetes mellitus, taking into consideration the relevant clinical, biochemical and the anthropometric data. 110 patientswith type 2 male diabetes mellitus as case and 100 healthy malecontrols were included in this study.Results: This study shows that there were significant differences in mean of age, duration of DM, exercise time, waist hip ratio, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure within case and control but no significant differences of mean BMI was found between and control. The mean age, duration of DM, exercise time, waist hip ratio, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and BMI were (51.83±9.911 years, 6.87±5.54 years, 1.94±.831 hours, .92±.03, 140±6.75 mm of Hg,90±2.41 mm of Hg and 25.43±3.19 Kg/m2 respectively), where as in controls these were (44.81±9.66 yrs, 00 years, 1.12±.327 hours, .91±.03, 130±1.28 mm of Hg, 80±6.18 mm of Hg and 24.96±3.02 Kg/m2 respectively). This table also shows that significant differences in mean of FBS, ABF, HbA1C and S. Uric acid between case and control, but there was no significant differences of mean TG, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL. The mean of FBS, ABF, HbA1C and S. Uric acid among the cases were (8.19±2.48 mmol/L, 11.29±3.47 mmol/L, 7.96±6.04 mg%, 189.72±111.36 mg/dl, 179±43 mg/dl, 38.38±13.77 mg/dl, 102.10±35.79 mg/dl and 8.39±2.61 mg/dl respectively, on the other hand among the control these were 5.91±1.13 mmol/L, 9.19±1.95 mmol/L, 5.93±1.01 mg%, 200±104.49 mg/dl, 183±42.25 mg/dl, 38.14±5.52 mg/dl, 110±33.23 mg/dl and 5.14±.84 mg/dl respectively.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 9, No. 2: Jul 2018, P 96-101

Effects of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on serum uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review with an indirect comparison meta-analysis.

To describe the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM up to Aug 10, 2017, without language or date restrictions. Thirty-one studies totaling 13,650 patients were included. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly decreased SUA levels compared with placebo, canagliflozin WMD –37.02 μmol/L, 95% CI [–38.41, –35.63], dapagliflozin WMD –38.05 μmol/L, 95% CI [–44.47, –31.62], empagliflozin WMD –42.07 μmol/L, 95% CI [–46.27, –37.86]. The drug class effect of SUA reduction suggesting SGLT2 inhibitors might be beneficial for diabetic patients with hyperuricemia.