Studying Resistance of Some Dairy Cattle Breeds to Heat Stress in Relation to Milk Yield

The Front Cover shows the investigation of deep eutectic solvent electrolytes for Al–graphite batteries by spectroscopic methods. Ionic speciation can be deliberately tailored by varying electrolyte compositions allowing purposeful improvement of the battery performance. This is evident from the correlation of the electrolytes’ spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. More information can be found in the Communication by F. Jach et al.

Agricultural development requires an active role from an outreach agency that is responsible for facilitating the adoption of agricultural technology innovations by farmers. To realize the development of agriculture it is necessary cooperation between the implementing agencies of agricultural development that are able to interact directly with the farmer well and understand the obstacles that are facing farmers and able to provide a coaching to solve the problem. From the results of the identification done in the field, it can be known that the problem lies in the cultivation activities that do not apply a balanced fertilizing concept, so that the soil is experiencing quality degradation and infertile anymore. The effort can be done is with the application of humic acid use. This assessment is aimed to know the interests of farmers in the application of balanced fertilization, factors affecting interest and strategies to increase the interest of farmers in the application of fertilization balanced with the urea technology Berlapois humic acid on rice cultivation in the district Rancakalong Sumedang District. Based on the results of the analysis is the influence of several factors that are dependent variables, as for the strategy to be done is improving the role of extension and agricultural extension activities.

This dataset includes measures collected on polar bears captured in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, 1981-2017 by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Data collected include body length, body mass, axillary girth, skull width and tail lengths. Bears were also aged as described in the methods. For some bears, an adipose tissue sample was collected and percent lipid content was measured, percent body fat was measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis, and/or recent feeding behavior was assessed via gut palpitation or blood urea and creatinine levels, all of which are further described in the methods.

Blood urea nitrogen – independent mortality marker in sepsis

Leucorrhoea is nothing but excessive vaginal discharge, it is common gynaecological complaint . Main objective of the present study was to study safety parameter of Unani formulation Qurs-e- Kusta Khubs al Hadeed and Habb-e-Marwarweed in cases of Sayalan-al-Rahim (Leucorrhoea).Study was jointly conducted in the laboratory at Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, New Delhi. For this 56 females patientsin the age group of 18-60 years presenting sign and symptom with excessive white discharge was taken in this study.Laboratory investigations were performed at day one and at the end of the study i.e. 6 weeks. Statistical analysis was done using Students ‘T’ test, significance level of P 0.05), with increase (p >0.05 ) in TLC, lymphocytes, SGOT, SGPT, urea and decrease ( p > 0.05 ) in neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatise and no change in creatinine level. These changes fall in normal range, so it can be concluded that Qurs Kusta Khaba-al- Hadeed and Habb-e- Marwareed is safe as it did not induce any toxic effect, particularly on kidney and liver functions and is safe for consumption.

Introduction- Urinary stone disease is one of the most common afflictions of modern society.It has been describedsince antiquity. With westernization of global culture, the site of stone formation has migrated from the lower to upperurinary tract. Urinary tract stones start to form in a kidney and may enlarge in a ureter or the bladder. Depending onlocation of stone, it may be called a renal stone, ureteral stone, bladder stone or uretheral stone.Aim and Objectives-To study the correlation of clinco-pathological factors in urolithiasis with special reference tourinary pH and urinary culture.To study the relationship of age, sex, socio-economic, in incidence of urinary calculi formation.To study the clinical presentation of urinary tract stone.To study the importance & significance of urinary pH and urinary infection in patients of urolithiasis.Material & Methods-The present study design will be of a prospective study, all the patients diagnosed asurinarylithiasis, in surgical OPD and admitted in surgical ward, of SRMS-IMS, Bareilly.1-Inclusion Criteria- All the patients diagnosed as urinarylithiasis, reported In surgical OPD and admitted in surgicalward of SRMS, IMS, Bareilly.2-Exclusion Criteria A-History of any surgery for urinary lithiasis.B-Urinary stone in congenital urinary disorders.3-Sample Size- 100 Patients.Results and Conclusions-With the precise knowledge on epidemiological profile on urolithiasis, the involvedrisk factors and knowledge of the stone constituents, it may be necessary to take certain precautionary steps likeimproving socioeconomic status, literacy, inculcating hygienic habits, avoiding and treating urinary tract infection,maintaining asepsis during urinary catheterization / instrumentation and low calcium containing diet, which may allprobably decrease the incidence and morbidity of patients suffering from urolithiasis. The patients with an episodeof stone disease or with a family history of the same are at high risk and should be closely screened for presence ofmetabolic disorders and routinely followed up to prevent further recurrences.Discussion-Urinary tract calculus disease affects people in the most productive years of their life, and more commonlyseen in males of lower socioeconomic status.Urinary tract infection is a very important independent risk factor forurolithiasis Urea splitting bacteria e.g. Proteus and non-urease containing bacteria e.g. E. Coli, both have a role inurolithiasis. Urinary ph is a very important independent risk factor for urolithiasis, in my study ph was slightly acidic.And alkaline urine patients had struvite (infection) stones.

The integration of nanoparticle urea (NPU) in the fertilization scheme of forage crops with high nutrients’ requirements, like teosinte (Zea mexicana L.), would help avoiding the environmental implications associated with the application of high rates of conventional bulk urea (BU), while not depriving the plant from its benefits. The effects of fertilization treatments composed of different percentages of NPU and/or BU, on yield, agronomic characteristics and quality attributes of three cuts of two teosinte local varieties were investigated in a split-split plot design during summers of 2018 and 2019. In general, the application of 50% NPU + 50% BU was similar to 100% BU in the production of highest amount of fresh yield, with the highest values for plant height and stem diameter, in addition to appreciable nutritive value, in terms of high crude protein (66.10 g kg-1 ) and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), and low acid-detergent fiber (284.09 g kg-1 ) and crude fat (36.97 g kg-1 ) contents. While the 1st cut was characterized by the highest plant height (58.74 cm in average), stem diameter (7.64 mm in average) and leaf area (130.07 m2 in average), the 3rd cut produced the highest amount of fresh yield (39.68 t ha-1 in average). Variations in quality measures among the three cuts were almost non-significant. Variations in yield and quality were detected between the two tested local varieties. In conclusion, the combined application of 50% NPU with 50% BU is recommended for the production of fodder teosinte in similar environments.

The wide uses of silver nanoparticles in the industrial, medical and cosmetic fields with it ease of entry into human body and absorption by gastrointestinal tract there for designed this study to find out the effect of silver nanoparticles on the tissue structure and functional performance of the kidney, because the process of filtering blood takes place widely in the kidney. 24 male albino rats were used for the experimental study, the rats were divided into three groups, first groups(control) dosage with normal saline solution (Injected intraperitoneal), second group (treatment) dosage with AgNPs0.75mg/kg of body weight and third group (treatment) dosage with AgNPs 1.5mg/kg of body weight. Each concentration of AgNP was dissolved in1ml of normal saline and all experimental male rats were injected via intraperitoneal with single dose /day for30 days. The resultsin this study showed tissue damage in the kidney such as vacuolar and fatty degeneration in renal tubules with pyknic nucleus in glomerulus also appear massive aggregation of mononuclear cells around blood vessels with hemorrhage and hemosiderin in renal tubules with occurrence the amyloid inside the blood vessels with necrosis in different cells associated with malfunction of kidney Shown in significant difference in urea, uric acid and creatinine when compare with control group. Histopathological changes associated with the dysfunction of the kidneys due to the effect of nanoparticles directly on the cells such as the occurrence of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has key role in the events of structural and functional disorders in the kidney of male albino rats.

Livestock are an important component of nearly all farming systems in Ethiopia. Despite the importance of livestock in the country, productivity is low due to shortage of feed in terms of both quantity and quality, especially during the dry season. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant spacing and N fertilizer application on agronomic performance and dry matter yield of Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato II grass for the first 150 days after planting under irrigation supplementation in Chagni Ranch, Awi Zone, Ethiopia. A factorial experiment with 3 urea fertilizer levels (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) and 4 spacings between plants and rows (20 x 20, 30 x 40, 40 x 60 and 50 x 80 cm) with 3 replications was used. Data collected on agronomic characteristics were plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf: stem ratio basal circumference and dry matter yield (DMY). The highest DMY 9.18 t/ha and 8.93 t/ha were recorded for narrower plant spacing (20 x 20 cm) with higher urea fertilizer level (100 kg/ha) (S1F3) and narrower plant spacing (20 x 20 cm) with medium urea fertilizer level (50 kg/ha) (S1F2), respectively. The current study concluded that, dry matter yield of Mulato II grass can be improved by urea fertilizer application specifically the application of 50 kg/ha urea fertilizer with better economic feasiblity. On the other hand, planting at narrower spacings 20x20 cm were found to have high DMY values and it reduce land shortage problem than other spacings. Similar studies need to be conducted over much longer periods to determine to what extent these findings relate to performance over the life of a permanent pasture.

Rupture of the pyelocaliceal cavities or rupture of the renal fornix (RFR) with retro-peritoneal extravasation of urine is a rare urological complication most frequently associated with acute obstruction of the urinary tract by a calculus. It is a potential urologic emergency and management of a fornix rupture is not standardized. The aim of this case report is to highlight fecal impactation as a rare cause of spontaneous renal fornical rupture in an elderly woman and to present our management. We present the case of a 84-year-old Ms, admitted in emergency room with an occlusive syndrome associated with acute urinary retention. An initial biological assessment was carried out objectifying: Hemoglobin 16.4 g/dl, a biological inflammatory syndrome with leukocytes at 17,500/mm predominantly neutrophils at 14,670/mm, Platelets at 1,29,000/mm, PCR at 115 mg/l, TP at 79%, Creatinine at 196umol/l, urea at 21.8 mmol/m, serum potassium at 3.81 mmol/l, slight hyper natremia at 148 mmol/l and hypoproteinemia at 52.9 g/l. The contrast enhanced computed tomography realed a giant fecal impactation with hydronephrosis and rupture of the fornix in connection with the giant fecal impaction. Evacuation of the fecalome and the placement of double –J ureteral stent led to a clinical and biologic improvement of the patient’s health. The Computed Tomography (CT) review at 6 weeks showed a disappearance of the leakage of contrast product and the absence of dilation of the pyelo-caliceal cavities with a double -J stent in place. This case illustrates a conservative management of rupture of pyelocaliceal cavities.

Background: Lead is a potent toxin that targets heme synthesis and some antioxidant enzymes that induce oxidative stress. Lead exposure remains one of the significant health concerns all over the world. Chelating agents have been used as antidotes for acute and chronic lead poisoning. The present study was conducted to evaluate the biochemical outcome of two different chelating therapies. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the Razi University Hospital, Rasht, Guilan. Fifty-six patients with a history of opium use were enrolled in the study who were treated symptomatically. Blood lead levels (BLL), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated before and after treatment. The BLL more than 100μg/dl with clinical symptoms was considered as severe lead poisoning (n=34) who received 4 days of DMPS (2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate) injection. Other cases with BLL of 20-100μg/dl were considered as those with mild poisoning (n=22) that were treated with oral D-Penicillamine for 14 days. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.73±14.11 years. Data analysis indicated no significant differences between the groups at baseline regarding the demographic variables. A significant reduction was observed in BLL before and after the intervention using the D-Penicillamine from 75.88 ± 26.22 to 44.3 ± 17.51 μg/dl (P = 0.0001). The BLL reduced from 105.5 ± 34.04 to 24.51 ± 24.08 μg/dl after treatment with DMSP (P = 0.0001). The levels of ALT, AST, and WBC significantly decreased post-treatment following using D-penicillamine and DMPS (P <0.05). The D-Penicillamine-treated group showed an increase in Hb and RBC (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, penicillamine improves low to moderate lead toxicity. Although DMSP decreases BLL significantly and reverses liver enzymes, further investigations on Hb and RBC, are needed.

The clinical use of paclitaxel (PCL) may cause nephrotoxicity. Antioxidants have shown potential benefits in some disease conditions. This study examined the protective abilities of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and resveratrol (RSV) against PCL-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Adult male albino rats (n=45) were divided into 9 groups of n=5. The rats were supplemented orally with CoQ10 (20mg/kg), RSV (20mg/kg) and CoQ10+RSV (ip) daily for 5 days respectively before the administration a dose of PCL (20mg/kg) i.p on day 5. The rats were euthanized; blood samples were collected and assessed for serum biochemical markers. Kidneys were assessed for melondialdehyde, antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and histology. Body and kidney weights were normal (p>0.05) in PCL administered rats when compared to control. Serum total protein, albumin, potassium, chloride, sodium, bicarbonate and kidney malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p <0.001) decreased whereas serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and kidney antioxidants levels were significantly (p <0.001) increased in PCL administered rats when compared to control. Hypercellular glomerulus with mesangial proliferation and tubular necrosis were observed in the kidneys of PCL administered rats. However, the aforementioned alterations were significantly reversed in CoQ10 (p <0.05), RSV (p <0.01) and CoQ10+RSV (p <0.001) supplemented rats when compared to PCL. Conclusion: CoQ10 and RSV may clinically protect against PCL-induced nephrotoxicity

Azadirachta Indica (Neem) plays a pivotal role in various problems associated with human health. Azadirachta indica is a member of maliaceae family and every part of the Neem tree has some medicinal potential which makes it of great demand in our world today. The plant parts such as leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, roots and bark have been used traditionally for the treatment of inflammation, fever, infection, dental disorder and skin diseases. The present study aims at identifying and characterizing the different bioactive compound from chloroform neem extract by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) in addition to the study of the antimicrobial potency as well as the vitamin content of neem leaves. Antimicrobial result revealed that chloroform extract of Azadirachta indica has a strong antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria strain (Salmonella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogene). Result of vitamin content showed that the vitamin contents are in this order C > B1 > B2 > E. GC-MS analysis revealed presence of 32 compounds. Among the 32 compounds, the most predominate compounds are fatty acids, esters, oleic acid, hydrocarbons, alcohols, aromatics, alkamides, cyanides, steroids, halo compounds, pyrazine, isothiocyanate, thiocyanate, urea and unsaturated alkenamides, alkyne, indol and N-hydroxyimine.

Efficiency is a production activity that produces an output that is greater and mightier than the other production at the level of the same or production activities with the least input of other production activities and produces the same output. This study aims to analyze production factors that affect the production of celery and analyzed levels of efficiency of the use of the production in farming factors celery in the Sumberejo village. The method of analysis of the data used in this research analytics cobb Douglas and efficiency level. To know the impact of the use of production factor of farming land, ( celery, seeds, fertilizer labor, and pesticide ) analysis is to model cobb Douglas. The use of level analysis done to determine the level of production inputs the use of celery production input in the Sumberejo Village. The use of production inputs ( land, manure, the TSP fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, Urea fertilizer, labor, and pesticide ) simultaneously affects the production of celery. On this fact use, input size of the impact on production and celery seed, manure, the TSP fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, Urea fertilizer, labor, and pesticide did not influence on this fact of celery production in the Sumberejo Village. Technically the use of land as broad input variables, seeds, manure, the TSP fertilizer, urea fertilizer, manpower, and pesticides have efficient it needs to be an increase in the use of it to the technical efficiency of production inputs reached is 1; and variable NPK fertilizer inefficient, so we needed the reduction of their use. While based on the use of the variable size of allocative, seeds, manure, the TSP fertilizer, urea fertilizer, and pesticide not efficient, and NPK fertilizer and labor variable inefficient. Economically, the use of the variable size of having the highest 8,706330748 economic efficiency and variable labor into variables with input by the efficiency of the use of low at 0,00598757.

Pharmaceutical substances are urged to be removed from wastewater as the pollutants bring adverse effects to both humans and the environment. Among the pharmaceutical substances, aspirin is selected as the targeted pharmaceutical waste due to its extremely high consumption. Aspirin is widely used in the world and is produced about 35,000 t/y. Carbon cryogel was chosen as the potential adsorbent to remove aspirin from wastewater, and it was synthesized from urea and furfural before activation with H3PO4. The effects of experimental parameters on aspirin adsorption such as pH, contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature were investigated. A maximum of 30 % of percentage removal and 30 mg/g of adsorption capacity were achieved at an initial concentration of 60 mg/L, pH 6, and 0.05 g of adsorbent at room temperature after 45 min of contact time. The activated carbon cryogel synthesized in this study is useful for application in wastewater treatment and sanitation of

Used sprout-growing mediums (SGMs) are nutrient-rich biomass characterised by high lignocellulosic content and low levels of natural biodegradability, producing waste, commonly in urban areas. Accumulation of used SGMs has caused severe environmental pollution in sprout production areas. To reduce waste volume at the source, this study proposed several methods for effectively reusing SGMs in urban areas: producing compost (M1), creating new mediums for growing sprouts (M2), and creating new mediums for growing hydroponic vegetables (M3). First M1, a mixture of used SGM, peanut stalks, urea fertiliser and BIMA microbial product (C: N ratio of 30: 1) was thermophilically composted for 63 d. Then, its chemical and biological properties were analysed. For M2, a mixture of sun-dried used SGM and mung bean sprout husks was crushed and then incubated with the BIMA microbial product for 21 d. For M3, the used SGM was mixed with lime powder and incubated for 7 d before being dried. The products obtained after treating the used SGM demonstrated almost neutral pH reactions (6.37 for M1; 6.31 for M2; 7.52 for M3 - a weakly alkaline reaction). The nutrient content of M1 demonstrated the most organic matter content (OM, 58.44 %), total nitrogen (T-N, 1.77 %), total phosphorus (T-P2O5, 1.62 %), and total potassium (T-K2O, 4.01 %) with a C: N ratio of 15. The M2 medium contained 58.70 % OM, 1.16 % T-N, 0.86 % T-P2O5, and 0.98 % T-K2O, with a C: N ratio of 23. The M3 medium included 72.07 % OM, 0.54 % T-N, 0.55 % T-P2O5, and 0.58 % T-K2O, with a C: N ratio of 63. The heavy metal content (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As) for all products was within the permitted limits. There were no pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella spp. found in any of the products. Based on the phytotoxicity test, M1 was confirmed to be mature, and M2 could be used to grow sprouts. Lettuce planted in M3 according to the hydroponic method was safe and of good quality. The SGM treatment methods evaluated are accessible and could be applied widely in sprout production locations, especially in urban areas.

An erratum was issued for:Advanced 3D Liver Models for In vitro Genotoxicity Testing Following Long-Term Nanomaterial Exposure. The Representative Results sectionwas updated. Figure 6 in the Representative Results section was updated from: to: The fourth paragraph in the Representative Results section was updated from: With the inevitable development of a necrotic core, a known limitation of 3D liver spheroid cultures, the viability of this HepG2 based model had to be established to demonstrate it was able to sustain long-term (5-10 day) exposure regimes whilst maintaining the proliferative capability required to support the micronucleus assay5. Indeed, this 3D liver spheroid model has been shown to retain >70% viability over 10 days in culture. Based on this and in conjunction with the sustained liver-like functionality observed over the ≥14 day culture period, this 3D liver spheroid model can thus support long-term, repeated ENM exposure regimes up to 10 days long (i.e., before viability of the spheroids drop below 70%). For reference, it is advised that albumin levels for HepG2 spheroids seeded at 4000 cells/spheroid should be ≥0.06 mg/mL whilst urea production should be ≥0.4 ng/µL before conducting an in vitro toxicological assessment with this model. to: With the inevitable development of a necrotic core, a known limitation of 3D liver spheroid cultures, the viability of this HepG2 based model had to be established to demonstrate it was able to sustain long-term (5-10 day) exposure regimes whilst maintaining the proliferative capability required to support the micronucleus assay5. Indeed, this 3D liver spheroid model has been shown to retain >70% viability over 10 days in culture. Based on this and in conjunction with the sustained liver-like functionality observed over the ≥14 day culture period, this 3D liver spheroid model can thus support long-term, repeated ENM exposure regimes up to 10 days long (i.e., before viability of the spheroids drop below 70%). For reference, it is advised that albumin levels for HepG2 spheroids seeded at 4000 cells/spheroid should be ≥50.0ng/μL whilst urea production should be ≥0.25ng/µL before conducting an in vitro toxicological assessment with this model.

Introduction: Stroke is one of the world's leading causes of death, and it causes significant impairment that has a profound effect on the long-term survival of patients. Not only neurological defects, but also medical co-morbidities decide the adverse effects after cerebrovascular stroke (CVS). In different studies, related kidney dysfunction has been shown to be a significant predictor. However, considering the elevated burden of stroke patients in India, there is a shortage of such studies in India. The current research was therefore conducted to assess renal function in acute stroke patients and to investigate the possible utility of preventive and early intervention interventions to minimize morbidity and mortality due to renal dysfunction. Methods: This was a 1-year, longitudinal, retrospective analysis of 25 adult acute stroke patients who were admitted to the hospital. On the day of admission, and then on days 3, 7 and 14, patients underwent routine laboratory investigations, including baseline biochemical investigations. The approximate glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) was determined and the renal function pattern was evaluated in the two stroke subgroups. Creatinine was known as the baseline for entry. During hospitalization, AKI was characterized as a 0.3 mg/dl creatinine increase or a percentage increase of at least 50 percent from baseline. Results: Of the 25 stroke patients, 15 (59%) were ischemic while the remainder were hemorrhagic (41 percent ). The mean age of the subjects examined was 60.42 ± 8.45 years. In contrast to hemorrhagic stroke, the mean age of subjects with ischaemic stroke was higher (62.65 ± 7.32 years) (58.72 ± 9.86 years). Baseline Serum creatinine and blood urea were significantly higher in patients with hemorrhagic stroke relative to subjects with ischaemic stroke (p < 0.01), although e-GFR was significantly lower in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (56.12 ± 28.34 ml/min/1.73 m2) compared to patients with ischaemic stroke (86.34 ± 26.68 ml/min/1.73 m2). The hospital stay period (days) was substantially higher in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (12.43 ± 5.36 days) relative to subjects with ischemic stroke (9.54 ± 2.65 days). In 24 per cent of stroke patients, acute kidney damage has been seen. In hemorrhagic stroke patients (34 percent), AKI was more common compared to ischemic stroke patients (17 percent ). In contrast to non-AKII, diabetes was substantially correlated with the production of AKI (54 percent) (16 percent ). In stroke patients, the mortality rate was 12% . Statistically, there were no variations between the ischemic stroke mortality rate (12%) and hemorrhagic stroke (12 percent ). The mortality rate was 29% among patients who developed AKI . The predictors of AKI were found to be hemorrhagic stroke, older age, diabetes mellitus and high baseline creatinine levels. It has been found that GCS score < 10, AKI, hemorrhagic stroke and AKI requiring renal replacement therapy are associated with longer hospital stays. In patients with aspiration pneumonia, GCS score < 10, AKI, older age and AKI needing Renal Replacement Therapy, mortality was significantly more likely. Conclusion: In our research, the predictors of AKI were found to be hemorrhagic stroke, older age, high baseline creatinine and diabetes mellitus. It was also found that AKI was an autonomous indicator of extended hospital stay and increased mortality among stroke patients. Key words: Cerebrovascular stroke (CVS), acute kidney injury (AKI), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS).

Re-discovery of PF-3845 as a new chemical scaffold inhibiting phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.