Urdu Version Research Articles

Association of Depression with Cognitive Functions and Quality of Life in Elderly Population

Objective: Population of the world is rapidly aging and facing different physical, social and mental issues that obviously affect their quality of life. This study aimed to determine the association of depression with cognitive functions and quality of life in elderly population. Methodology: It was cross a sectional study in which data was collected from 100 participants of both genders from elderly population. Their age range was 60 to 80 years. Elderly residents of District Rajanpur were surveyed by using Urdu version of standardized tools like Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale, World Health Organization-Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) scale and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Pearson correlation test was applied to measure association of depression with cognition and quality of life. The data was statistically analysed by using SPSS version 25. Results: The results revealed a strong negative correlation between depression and quality of life, r (-.672), P= (.000), and weak positive correlation between depression and cognitive functions, r (.316), P= (.001). Conclusion: The findings suggested that there exists a strong negative correlation between depression and quality of life and weak positive correlation between depression and cognitive functions. Keywords: Cognition, Aged, Depression, Quality of Life.

Role of Resilience in Burden and Perceived Public Stigma among Primary Caregivers of Psychiatric Patients

The current study intended to find out the role of resilience on perceived public stigma and burden among primary caregivers of the psychiatric patients. The current study highlighted the psychological health of caregivers. A cross sectional study was conducted in region of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A total of 250 caregivers participated in the study, whom 125 were male and 125 were female caregivers, age range was 25-60 years (M=31.61, SD=5.93). The data was collected from public and private hospitals. Three scales were used for data collection. The resilience was measured through Urdu translated resilience scale, public stigma was assessed by using Urdu version of perceived public stigma, and Burden was measured through interview. The result showed that resilience was negatively associated with burden and perceived public stigma (p< 0.01). Further, the multiple regression showed that resilience acted as moderator between public stigma and burden (? = -1.02, p< .001). The result supported a positive association between public stigma, burden and resilience among caregivers of psychiatric patients.

PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF URDU VERSION OF SHOULDER PAIN AND DISABILITY INDEX: A RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY STUDY

Background: Shoulder-related pain leads to disability due to the impairment of functional movements of the shoulder and affects the quality of life. Realizing the importance of cultural adaptation and validation, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is need to be translated and validated in the Urdu language. Objective: to determine the validity and evaluate the reliability of the Urdu version of the Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI-U) in the Urdu-speaking population with shoulder pathologies in Pakistan. Methodology: The SPADI-U was administered to 135 respondents; of which 105 were subjects with shoulder pathology and the remaining 30 were healthy individuals for determination of its discriminant (Construct) validity. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and active range of motion were used to evaluate its convergent (construct) and criterion validity, respectively. It’s internal and intra-rater reliability was also evaluated and a retest was conducted after 2-3 days of first administration and was completed by 50 patients. The data were analysed in SPSS version 21. Results: Cronbach’s alpha value for SPADI-U was 0.920, and intraclass coefficient (ICC, 95% CI)) value ranged between 0.700 and 0.938 for individual items. High values of 0.935 (0.887-0.963) for a total SPADI score were observed. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed moderately negative correlation (range r= -0.457 to -0.683) with SPADI-U indicating its acceptable criterion validity. Whereas, the high positive correlation of VAS with SPADI; for pain (r=0.871, 0.910, 0.891) and disability (r= 0.877, 0.915 and 0.813), showing good convergent validity. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for discriminant validity with significant difference (p<0.05) between the groups. No floor and ceiling effect was found. Conclusion: SPADI-U is valid and reliable tool for use in Urdu speaking individuals. Key words: Psychometrics, reliability and validity, shoulder, SPADI-U, Urdu version

Health Related Quality of Life Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Pakistan.

Background: Hemodialysis is a well-established replacement therapy for patient with end stage kidney disease havin a great impact on the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the health-related quality of life of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: A cross sectional single centere survey was carried out from March 2018 to June 2018 at Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney diseases, Peshawar in Pakistan. A 36 item KDQOL validated Urdu version was used to identify the quality of life of patients. Results: A total of n=184 patients having chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis participated,of whom 63.6% were males and 57.1% patients were Pashtun. A multiple linear regression showed that patients having kidney disease caused due to hypertension had 45% higher kidney disease component summary (KDCS) score while 16% higher physical component summary (PCS) score and 60% higher mental component summary (MCS) score and were statistically significant. Similarly; Peshawari patients had 22% lower PCS score as compared to other ethnic groups ; however, in MCS Peshawari patients had 16% higher score and were statistically significant. Conclusion: The patients have poor quality of life receiving hemodialysis therapy in all three domains like PCS, MCS and KDCS.

Psychometric properties of the Urdu version of theMuslim Attitude toward Religion Scale (MARS), Muslim Spiritual Attachment Scale (M-SAS) and Muslim Experiential Religiousness Scale (MER)

Psychometric properties of the Urdu version of theMuslim Attitude toward Religion Scale (MARS), Muslim Spiritual Attachment Scale (M-SAS) and Muslim Experiential Religiousness Scale (MER)

Frequency of anxiety and depression in dissociative trance (possession) disorder

Background: The possession of a person by God or spirit is an age-old one. The ICD-10 has recorded the presence of a possession and trance disorder before formal featuring it in the 10th edition as a category of dissociative (conversion) disorders. The current study sought to determine the frequency of anxiety and depression among the patients presented in tertiary care hospitals with dissociative trance (possession) disorder, along with gender differences.
 Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at l Department of Psychiatry, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore over one year: December 2019 till December 2020. A sample of 350 patients, who met the ICD-10 criteria of dissociative trance (Possession) disorder, was recruited in the study through purposive sampling technique. Demographic information sheet and Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) rating scale were used as assessment measures. The data were stored and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis i.e., means, standard deviations, percentages, and frequencies, and inferential statistics i.e., independent sample t-test, were performed to explore objectives.
 Results: The results indicate that 13.2 % of patients with dissociative trance disorder scored in the normal range of depression, 20.7% fall in borderline depression while abnormal, and 66.1% in abnormal cases of depression was found in 66.1% of patients. For anxiety, results demonstrate that 28.2% of patients fall in the category of normal anxiety, 3 31.5% in borderline anxiety, and 40.3% fall in the case of abnormal anxiety. Differences for the gender of patients in depression and anxiety scores were evaluated by independent sample t-test and significant differences were found in depression and anxiety scores of male and female patients with dissociative trance disorder (p-value<0.05). Female patients scored high on depression (19.84±6.68) and anxiety (16.02±5.54) scale than male patients’ scores for depression (27.47±5.06) and anxiety (19.35±4.95).
 Conclusion: There is a definite frequency of depression and anxiety among patients with, dissociative trance disorder while females are high in the scores. This can help to decrease the comorbidity associated with dissociative trance disorder, reduce the disease burden and ensure a better outcome of treatment

Translation and validation study of Quality of Life Questionnaire for Physiological Pregnancy at Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan.

To examine the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of Quality of Life Questionnaire for Physiological Pregnancy. The cross-sectional study was conducted from August 1 to October 31, 2020, at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan. The Quality of Life Questionnaire for Physiological Pregnancy was translated into Urdu by using a forward-backward procedure. The test-retest reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis. The validity of the translated questionnaire was constructed by using exploratory factor analysis through principal axis factoring extraction and Oblique rotation with Kaiser Normalisation. The constructs were retained based on extracted communalities. Data was analysed using SPSS v 21. The Urdu version of the questionnaire exhibited acceptable test-retest alpha values of 0.780 and 0.812 at two-time points, with an overall value of 0.790. All items showed good stability with intraclass correlation coefficient values of >0.80. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure for factor analysis was 0.812. Barlett's Test of Sphericity was significant (p<0.05). Three factors explaining the variance were extracted and the loading values for all nine constructs were acceptable (>0.40). All items of the translated version were retained, proving the validity of the Urdu version of the questionnaire. The translated version of Quality of Life Questionnaire for Physiological Pregnancy was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of quality of life for pregnant women in regions where Urdu is the prime language of communication.

Urdu translation and psychometric properties of WHO-Five Wellbeing Index among male patients with substance use disorders in Pakistan

ABSTRACT Objective The present study aims to translate and adapt the WHO-Five Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) into the Urdu language and then determine its psychometric properties. Method Male participants (N = 201) between 18 and 45 years old (M = 29.56 years, SD = 7.80) were recruited from substance use disorder treatment centers and hospitals in Karachi... Participants completed a Personal Information Form, The WHO-5, Self-Esteem Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale in Urdu. Results The Cronbach’s alpha for the WHO Wellbeing Index (Cronbach’s alpha = .80) is adequate. Similarly, both the Self Esteem (Cronbach’s alpha = .86) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale total (Cronbach’s alpha = .94) had adequate internal consistency. Further, Cronbach’s alpha for subscales (depression = .88, anxiety = .91, stress = .82) was also adequate. A higher level of well-being is significantly positively associated with self-esteem (r = .275, p < .001) and negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress (r = −.307, p < .001). Conclusion The Urdu version of WHO-5 has is a reliable measure for investigating well-being in male patients receiving treatment for substance use disorders in Pakistan who speak Urdu.

Translation and validation of the stroke impact scale 3.0 into Urdu for Pakistan.

The Stroke Impact Scale version 3.0 (SIS 3.0) is a self-reported outcome measure designed to assess quality of life (QoL) following a stroke. Although the psychometric properties of the SIS 3.0 are identified as superior to the generic QoL scales, it has not been translated and tested in Pakistan. To validate the Urdu version of the SIS 3.0 (USIS 3.0) for Pakistan. A prospective cohort of 116 patients with mild to moderate stroke reported their recovery using the USIS 3.0. The patients were concurrently assessed on the established tools to assess the validity and were re-evaluated to determine the test-retest reliability, precision, minimal detectable change (MDC), and minimal clinically important difference (MCID). The reliability and internal consistency of USIS were satisfactory except for the emotion domain. The correlations of USIS with the established tools were strong. The discriminant validity was also significant across the levels of the modified Rankin scale (MRS). Only hand function and communication domains exhibited significant floor and ceiling effects, respectively. Regarding weighted K, values ranged from 0.53 to 0.88. The USIS 3.0 has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used in clinical and research settings for stroke survivors.

DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF RELATIONAL AGGRESSION AMONG ADOLESCENT STUDENTS

Objective: To determine the predictive relation of demographic variables with relational aggression.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan, from Aug 2017 to Jan 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: A total of 612 adolescent students were selected with age 12-19 years from diverse academic institutes of Gujrat city. Urdu version of diverse adolescent relational aggression scale was used to measure relational aggression. Neural network analysis was carried out by using SPSS-21.&#x0D; Result: The findings of this study revealed significant predictive relation of demographic variables (gender, birth order, family system, number of siblings and age) with relational aggression. The most important predictor of relational aggression in teenagers was birth order 0.249 (100%), age 0.246 (98.9%) siblings 0.242 (86.3%), family system 0.166 (66.8%) and gender 123 (49.6) respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion: Demographic variables are the significant predictor of relational aggression. By managing the effects of these variables, adverse behavior of relational aggression can be controlled in adolescent students

LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG OLD AGED PEOPLE ATTENDING FAUJI FOUNDATION HOSPITAL

Objective: To determine life satisfaction in old age people attending Fauji Foundation Hospital and to assess relationship of socio-demographic variables on life satisfaction of old aged people.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi from Feb to Aug 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: A total of 347 individuals were included by using non-probability consecutive sampling. The participants of the 60 years or more attending Fauji foundation hospital, being mentally sound and having comprehensive under-standing without hearing aid were included in the study. Questionnaire was given to respondents including demographic profile and Urdu version of Life Satisfaction Scale for assessing the life satisfaction in old age.&#x0D; Results: The total sample mean life satisfaction score was 14.95 ± 6.54. 5 (1.5%) people were extremely satisfied, 27 (8.4%) were satisfied, 117 (36 %) were dissatisfied and 63 (19.1%) were extremely dissatisfied.&#x0D; Conclusion: Life satisfaction was found statistically significant with female gender, older age 70-80 years, being un married, primary education, monthly income of less than 10,000 and being unemployed.

Association Between Fear of COVID-19 and Emotional Distress in Nurses With Mediating Role of Socio-Demographic Features.

Objectives: To determine the predictive association between fear of COVID-19 and emotional distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) in frontline and non-frontline nurses. To explore the mediating role of socio-demographic features.Methods: Correlational cross-sectional research design was implied. A total of 500 on-duty male and female, frontline and non-frontline, nurses were included from five major hospitals in Gujrat (Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Hospital, City Hospital, Doctors Hospital, Akram Hospital, and Gujrat Hospital). Fear of COVID-19 scale and the Urdu version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale - 21 (DASS-21) were used to measure variables of interest. Descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling (SEM), linear regression, and t-test were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.Result: Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed a significant predictive link between fear of COVID-19 and depression, anxiety, and stress (goodness of model fit; NFI = 0.93, GFI = 0.914, AGFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.936, and IFI = 0.936). Furthermore, a significant mediating effect of certain demographic features was discovered by SEM (CMIN/DF = 1.11, NFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.98, GFI = 0.08, AGFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.029, CFI = 0.99, and IFI = 0.99). Results of linear regression analysis also revealed a momentous predictive association between fear of COVID-19 and emotional distress (R = 0.860). In comparative analysis, the results of t-test explored the statistical significant difference in fear of COVID-19 and emotional distress between frontline (mean = 25.775, 36.147 and SD = 1.75, 2.23) and non-frontline nurses (mean = 21.702, 27.353 and SD = 4.607, 10.212), with t(130) =7.111, 6.92.Conclusion: Managing the mediating effect of demographic characteristics and reducing the fear of COVID-19 can help nurses to overcome emotional distress, such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Further, this will increase the productivity among nurses.

Home Chaos and Self-Regulation: Moderating Role of Gender between Home Chaos and Effortful Control

Objective: To explore the relationship between home chaos and Self-regulation (effortful control) among young children including other dimensions of temperament (Surgency and Negative affect).&#x0D; Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted from January 2015 to September 2016 in Rawalpindi.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The sample consisted of 100 children (3-7 years) and their mothers. The sample was selected from different private and government schools. For children who were less than 4 years, the mothers were contacted at their homes directly. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. To assess temperament and home chaos Children’s Behavior Questionnaire Very Short Form (CBQ) and Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS)-Urdu Version were used respectively. To collect demographic information for sample selection according to sampling criteria the forms were sent to parents through children.&#x0D; Results: The results showed significant negative association between home chaos and children’s effortful control (ꞅ = -.21*, p&lt;.05), non-significant positive association between home chaos, negative affect(ꞅ = .06, p&gt;.05) and surgency (ꞅ = -.16, p&gt;.05).. Home chaos was also found to be a significant predictor of effort among children. In addition, it was found that gender moderated the relation between home chaos and effortful control. Boys get affected more than girls and show poor effortful control in chaotic homes [t (96) = 2.39, p&lt;.05].&#x0D; Conclusion: Home chaos is a significant predictor of effortful control, one dimension of temperament among young children. Boys showed fewer self-regulation skills in chaotic homes as compared to their counterparts.

Psychological Morbidity in patients with Idiopathic Hirsutism presenting for Laser Treatment at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: The objective of our study was to determine the frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress in females presenting for laser treatment of hirsutism at a dermatology clinic.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. 152 female participants of all ages presenting for laser treatment of hirsutism to the dermatology department –removed for blind review--from June 2019 to Dec 2019, were included using a consecutive convenient sampling technique. Patients having an FG (Ferriman and Gallwey) score of 8 or more, were included whereas those having any underlying cause (as assessed by history and examination and laboratory investigations where required) for both hirsutism and psychological disorder were excluded. The participants were given an Urdu version of the DASS 21 (depression, anxiety, and stress scale) to complete.&#x0D; Results: The participants had a mean age of 30.22 (SD = 9.17). The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in the sample was found to be 13.2%, 23.7%, and 17.8%, respectively. Mean depression, anxiety, and stress scores on DASS 21 were 4.43(SD=4.87, Cut-off= 10), 4.34(SD=5.12, Cut-off= 8), and 8.21(SD=6.26, Cut-off=15), respectively, indicating that the scores were within the normal range. Anxiety was the most common illness in the sample and both depression and stress showed a decline with advancing age up till 45years of age. No statistically significant association was found between the severity of hirsutism and depression, stress, and anxiety scores.&#x0D; Conclusion: Psychological morbidity was found to be lower in patients of idiopathic hirsutism presenting for laser treatment. The long-term efficacy of laser treatment needs further evaluation in future research.

Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Pregnant Women

Background: Covid-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world in a short period of time. It has adversely affected the physical, mental and social well-being of communities including pregnant women. This study is aimed to determine the frequency, severity and associated factors of depression, anxiety and stress among pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sharif Medical City Hospital, Lahore, from August to September 2020.Data was obtained on structured proforma comprised of two sections. Section one consisted of sociodemographic and obstetric components while second two was based on Urdu Version of DASS-21. Data was analyzed using SPSS-23.&#x0D; Results: Total number of women was 350. Their mean age was 27.47 ± 4.72 while mean duration of their pregnancy was 26.33±9.17weeks. Mean DASS-21 score of depression, anxiety, and stress was 8.00±2.89, 5.80±3.10 and 9.18±2.80 respectively. It was observed that depression was present in 123(35.1%) ranging from mild to moderate, anxiety in 127(36.3%) ranging from mild to very severe and stress in only 20(5.7%) women and was mild.&#x0D; Education was significantly associated with all three domains. The women who were infected themselves or any other family member affected with COVID-19 showed positive association for depression (p=0.00) and stress (p=0.00). Stress was higher in young age groups (p=0.04) and in women with higher monthly income (p=0.00) while parity also showed association with anxiety (p=001). Anxiety and depression were more in house wives (p=0.00) while stress in working women (p=0.00).&#x0D; Conclusion: Frequency of depression and anxiety was notable varying from mild to very severe however for stress it was low and mild. Educational level was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress.

Urdu translation and validation of clinically useful depression outcome scale.

To translate and validate the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale for Urdu-speaking population. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad from January 2018 to November 2019. The process of translation and validation was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the scale was forward and backward translated. In the second phase two validation studies were conducted; one for computing Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability, and item-total correlation, and exploring convergent and discriminant validity; and the other for exploring linguistic equivalence between the original and the translated scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. The first validation study had 170 subjects; 85(50%) in clinical and 85(50%) in non-clinical settings. The translated scale was found to be internally consistent, and convergent and discriminant validity coefficients were significant (p<0.05). Mean difference between clinical and non-clinical groups was also significant (p<0.05), indicating the diagnostic capability of the translated scale. The second validation study, conducted on a separate sample of 82 bilingual participants, showed that the mean difference between the original and the translated version was non-significant (p>0.05), indicating that the Urdu version can be considered an equivalent to the original scale. The translated version of the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS-Urdu) was found to be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in Urdu-speaking individuals.

Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability, validity and factors predictive of fear in the Pakistani population

There is a growing concern regarding mental health and psychological distress caused by the COVID-19. The degree of fear has been assessed by few studies but most of those used invalidated measures. Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) is a seven-item scale developed during this pandemic. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of FCVS-19 in the Pakistani population. They were also asked the question about COVID-19 factors that were associated with fear. The Urdu translation of the measure has excellent internal consistency and validity. Our study shows FCV-19S has robust psychometric characteristics and can be used to assess mental health.

Quality Of Life Satisfaction Among Caregivers Of Schizophrenic Patients

Objective: This study is aimed to determine the Quality of Life (QOL) satisfaction among caregivers of schizophrenic patients attending Outpatient department of Psychiatry, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 caregivers of Schizophrenic patients from November 2015 to March 2016 attending out patient department of Psychiatry, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Pakistan. The Caregivers were intimate family members who had spent their significant time (at least 2 years) with the schizophrenia patients. The self administered WHO QOL-BREF (validated Urdu version) scale which has 26 items, was used to measure the Quality of Life (QOL). Quality of life Satisfaction was labeled as positive if QOL score was &gt;75% of the total score.Result: Out of 150 patients, the mean age of the caregivers was 45.36 ± 3.85 years. Most of the caregivers 95 (63.3%) were males and had care giving role of father 49 (32.6%). Most of them were unsatisfied of their QOL, 81 (54%). While only 69 (46%)of the caregivers were satisfied with their QOL. Their QOLwasfound to be significantly associated with age of the patient (p-value &lt;0.00 1) and caregiver (p-value &lt;0.002), employment status (p-value 0.040), monthly family income (p-value &lt;0.001), presence of physical illness of caregiver (p-value &lt;0.001) and his/her relationship with the patient (p-value 0.048).Conclusion: Majority of caregivers of Schizophrenia patients were not satisfied with their Quality of Life. However, there are certain sociodemographic factors such as the age of patient and caregiver, employment and economic status, relationship with the patient and presence of physical illness of caregiver which were found to affect their satisfaction with QOL. Hence focusing those factors in the management plan may improve caregiver's satisfaction level.

Translation and validation of the Urdu version of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer core quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and brain module (QLQ-BN20) in primary brain tumor patients

IntroductionThis study translated and validated the Urdu version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life (QoL) Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Brain Module (QLQ-BN20) amongst patients with primary brain tumors (PBT) in Pakistan, and assessed the correlation of QoL with resilience, depression, and anxiety.MethodsTranslation of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 was performed as per EORTC guidelines. A survey comprising of Urdu translations of EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-BN20, Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS-14) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was administered to patients with PBT at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Reliability (via Cronbach alpha), content validity index (CVI) scores, construct validity, and inter-scale correlations were assessed.ResultsOur sample consisted of 250 patients with PBT, most commonly glioma (46.8%) and meningioma (21.2%). All patients were able to understand the Urdu translations. The Cronbach alphas for the QLQ-C30 and the QLQ-BN20 were 0.860 and 0.880, respectively. The CVI scores for clarity and relevance were high for both the EORTC QLQ-C30 (0.98 and 0.96, respectively) and the QLQ-BN20 tool (0.81 and 0.95, respectively). The global QoL domain (EORTC QLQ-C30) showed significant positive correlations with resilience (r = 0.422), and significant negative correlations with depression (r = − 0.541) and anxiety (r = − 0.502). Strong inter-scale correlations were observed between physical functioning and insomnia (r = − 0.690) and role functioning and insomnia (r = − 0.641).ConclusionOur study confirms the Urdu versions of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 as valid clinical tools for the measurement of QoL in primary brain tumors patients within the cultural and socioeconomic context of Pakistan.

Validity and Reliability of the Urdu Version of the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder.

Introduction: Although the translation and the validation of the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD) are performed in various languages and samples, no study has established the validity and reliability of the Urdu version of MSI-BPD in individuals with cardiac problems.Materials and Methods: The Urdu version of the MSI-BPD was prepared through the standard back-translation method. The translation and adaption were completed in four steps: forward translation, adaption and translation, back translation and committee approach, and cross-language validation. The sample, selected through the purposive sampling method, comprised of 150 adults with cardiac problems (men = 75 and women = 75), with an age range of 23–78 years (M = 55, SD = 10.6). The Cronbach alpha reliability and factorial validity of the MSI-BPD were assessed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Pearson correlation analyses. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability (at 2 weeks' interval) were used to evaluate the reliability. Statistical analyses were performed, using SPSS (version 22) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) software.Results: Preliminary analysis revealed that the overall instrument had good internal consistency (Urdu MSI-BPD α = 0.79; English MSI-BPD α = 0.77) as well as test–retest correlation coefficients for 15 days (r = 0.94).Conclusions: Findings suggested that the MSI-BPD, with important limitations, can be used as an effective preliminary screening tool to measure BPD in Urdu-speaking adults with cardiac problems. Further validations should be conducted to make the translated version of the MSI-BPD an appropriate tool to screen BPD in hospitals and mental health care settings.