Abstract
Background: Shoulder-related pain leads to disability due to the impairment of functional movements of the shoulder and affects the quality of life. Realizing the importance of cultural adaptation and validation, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is need to be translated and validated in the Urdu language. Objective: to determine the validity and evaluate the reliability of the Urdu version of the Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI-U) in the Urdu-speaking population with shoulder pathologies in Pakistan. Methodology: The SPADI-U was administered to 135 respondents; of which 105 were subjects with shoulder pathology and the remaining 30 were healthy individuals for determination of its discriminant (Construct) validity. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and active range of motion were used to evaluate its convergent (construct) and criterion validity, respectively. It’s internal and intra-rater reliability was also evaluated and a retest was conducted after 2-3 days of first administration and was completed by 50 patients. The data were analysed in SPSS version 21. Results: Cronbach’s alpha value for SPADI-U was 0.920, and intraclass coefficient (ICC, 95% CI)) value ranged between 0.700 and 0.938 for individual items. High values of 0.935 (0.887-0.963) for a total SPADI score were observed. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed moderately negative correlation (range r= -0.457 to -0.683) with SPADI-U indicating its acceptable criterion validity. Whereas, the high positive correlation of VAS with SPADI; for pain (r=0.871, 0.910, 0.891) and disability (r= 0.877, 0.915 and 0.813), showing good convergent validity. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for discriminant validity with significant difference (p<0.05) between the groups. No floor and ceiling effect was found. Conclusion: SPADI-U is valid and reliable tool for use in Urdu speaking individuals. Key words: Psychometrics, reliability and validity, shoulder, SPADI-U, Urdu version
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