Ural Federal District Research Articles

Model Libraries of the Urals, Siberia and the Far East (on the National Library of Russia Monitoring Data)

The Librarianship Organization Sector of the Scientific and Methodological Department of the National Library of Russia (NLR) annually monitors statistical indicators of the public libraries network activities run by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, which results are presented in analytical references on the library’s website, stated in scientific reports and articles. Under monitoring, the Department’s specialists carry on analytical and synthetic processing of materials provided by central libraries or information centers of the departments of culture of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Lately, special attention is paid to model libraries formation, which creation was initiated in 2019 by the Federal project “Cultural Environment” within the framework of the national project “Culture”. The paper objective is to trace the dynamics of model libraries number at the territory of the Ural, Siberian and the Far Eastern Federal Districts (FD) and the Federation constituent entities in them for 4 years of the project functioning (2019-2022). Separately, data on model libraries of the new generation are recorded. The author analyzes the following indicators by districts and regions of the Urals, Siberia and the Far East: the number, types of model libraries, as well as the share of municipal libraries, material and technical conditions of which make it possible to implement the tasks of the Model Standard of Public Library Activities. The article names the regions standing out in terms of individual parameters; identifies the leaders in creating model libraries among the subjects of the Russian Federation beyond the Urals: Chelyabinsk Region in the Ural Federal District, Altai Territory in the Siberian Federal District, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Far Eastern Federal District. It notes that the territories most remote from the center of the country – Sakhalin Region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory – still have low amount of model libraries (especially model libraries of the new generation).

Challenges and threats to modern subsoil use using the example of the Ural Federal District

Relevance. Environmentally sustainable subsoil use requires full coordination of socio-economic and environmental subsystems. The growing economic problems, the deterioration of international relations, the approaching environmental crisis are causing challenges and threats that provoke disruptions in the operation of enterprises in the industry, which makes it necessary to identify threats and challenges in order to take systemic measures to mitigate the consequences or prevent them. The purpose of the study is to identify challenges and threats that pose a danger to subsoil use (using the example of the Ural Federal District). Research methods – generalization and analysis, methods of analogy, groupings, logical analysis, expert assessments. Results. The conceptual and categorical tools of the study have been clarified, the main challenges and threats that provoke the occurrence of adverse events for subsoil use, including the emergence of economic, social and environmental threats with a decoding of their characteristics, have been identified. Using the Delphi method in a lite variation by D. Peskov, three basic threats to the subsoil use of the Ural Federal District were identified with the involvement of 26 experts for evaluation. A detailed analysis of each of these threats has been carried out. The depletion of the mineral resource potential within the Ural Federal District and the need to meet the demand for raw materials through external and internal supplies were confirmed. Among the solid minerals are coal, manganese and chromium ores, copper raw materials, etc. An insufficient level of funding for geological exploration has also been determined. The analysis of the threat associated with the dependence of the industry on foreign IT products was performed in great detail. Data on the assessment of the current situation at enterprises engaged in subsoil use in the Ural Federal District are given. Possible ways out of the current critical situation are considered. Conclusions. The consequences of the identified threats for subsoil use are formulated. The need to reduce the impact of threats is substantiated: the depletion of the mineral resource potential, the reduction in funding for geological exploration and the dependence of the industry on foreign IT products.

State management of financial support in the field of nature management and environmental protection as a strategic direction for the development of territories

This study examines topical issues of the environmental tension in the regions, ensuring environmental safety, as well as increasing the anthropogenic impact on the environment as a result of the growth of industrial development and the increase in the amount of resources consumed in the socio-economic development of territories in the context of state regulation of nature management. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current legislation and assess the volume of financial support for activities aimed at ensuring environmental safety and environmental protection. As part of the study, the evolution of legislation in the field of environmental development and security of territories was studied, followed by an assessment of the dynamics of spending on the implementation of the national project «Ecology». The importance of developing a management mechanism in the field of nature management and environmental protection to improve the ecological situation of the territories is shown. On the basis of a complex indicator, the dynamics of the ranking of regions was assessed. The share of expenses of the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Ural Federal District for environmental protection has been calculated and analyzed. It has been established that the costs of environmental protection and conservation activities are an important part of the costs of the regional budgets of the Russian Federation, although they are not a significant part of it. The rank of the regions that are part of the Ural Federal District is analyzed in terms of budget expenditures on environmental protection per capita among all subjects of the Russian Federation. Along with state regulation of the environmental sphere and building relationships with enterprises that use natural resources, in order to reduce environmental damage, the need to form an ecological culture of the population as a new way of life for people is reflected.

Modern trends of the incidence of syphilis in the areas of Ural Federal District

BACKGROUND: The incidence of syphilis is an indicator of social disadvantage in society as a whole and in particular regions, and is mostly determined by medical, social, biological and economic factors.
 AIM: To study modern clinical and epidemiological aspects and assess epidemic trends of syphilis in the population of the Ural Federal District for the period from 2014 to 2022 in order to determine further preventive epidemic control measures.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the study are the data of statistical forms No. 9 and No. 34 on the number of registered cases of syphilis in the Ural Federal District for the period from 2014 to 2021, the data of statistical materials "Resources and activities of medical organizations of dermatovenerological profile. Incidence of sexually transmitted infections, contagious skin diseases and skin diseases" and operational data for 6 months of 2021 and 2022 years. Intensive and extensive morbidity rates are calculated and their analysis using descriptive statistics is presented.
 RESULTS: The main patterns of the course of syphilitic infection in six subjects (which are parts of the Ural Federal District) of the Russian Federation have been studied. Modern clinical and epidemiological features and trends have been established: variability of morbidity indicators, its clinical structure and territorial dynamics; variability in the age-associated characteristics of patients, the emergence of high-risk groups have been noted. Target indicators characterizing the epidemiological situation of syphilis in the region have been determined. The necessity of interdisciplinary interaction of doctors of various specialties on early detection of patients with syphilis is indicated.
 CONCLUSIONS: During the analyzed period from 2014 to 2022, in certain areas of the Ural Federal District, the current trends of syphilitic infection prevalence is characterized by multi-directional dynamics and levels of morbidity, an increase in early and late forms of syphilis in the structure of clinical forms of the disease; an increase in the registration of late latent forms of infection, cases of congenital syphilis, an increase in the incidence rate among adolescents, foreign citizens and pregnant women in the territory of the Ural Federal District.

Resource Capacity of Academic Staff of Ural Federal District Universities: Qualitative Research

The article presents an analysis of the resource capacity of academic community of Ural Federal District universities based on qualitative research data. The main method was conducting 40 semi-structured interviews with Ural universities academic staff. The study used a quota sample, in which informants were differentiated into groups by age (under and over 40) and by the field of scientific knowledge in which they work. The study included an analysis of statistical data reflecting the main indicators of the development of the RPC of the universities of Ural Federal District in the period 2014–2023. As sources of statistical data, databases of monitoring the effectiveness of higher education organizations, data of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, and «Indicators of Education» statistical collection were used. The main results covered five resource blocks of the RPC: socio-demographic, research, pedagogical, the resource of interaction of the RPS and research teams, moral and symbolic. In aggregate and interrelation, 11 types of RPS resources were disclosed. It was concluded that the results of a comprehensive study of the resourcing of the RPC can serve as a basis for management decisions on staffing strategies of universities in new conditions. The strengths and resource deficits of the RPC were shown. The study allowed us to draw conclusions about those resources that have a cross-cutting character (temporal, moral and ideological) and are necessary as predictors of the actualization of other resources (research, publication, pedagogical).

Оценка транспортной обеспеченности Уральского федерального округа

Transport accessibility is one of the most important factors of social and economic development of regions. The level of regional development depends on the level of transport system development, transport infrastructure as one of its components, and the level of transport availability and accessibility. The level of transport availability varies in the regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this paper is to assess transport infrastructure development in the regions of Ural Federal District, which includes the analysis of quantitative indicators of transport infrastructure. The study uses general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and correlation. The study of automobile, railway, inland waterway transport on the territory of the regions of Ural Federal District was carried out. The calculation is based on the following indicators: transport network density in relation to the territory, transport network density in relation to the population, Engel coefficient, Ouspensky coefficient, Goltz coefficient. The evaluation of spatial transport availability shows that Ural Federal District is characterized by an average level of transport availability, if compared with the calculations for the country. For the period from 2012 to 2021, the density of railways and inland waterways has not changed, while the density of roads has increased by 39%. The regions that are outsiders are the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which is mainly connected with geographical factors. Insufficient density of road and railway networks in these regions is partially offset by the developed inland water transport. The assessment of transport availability showed the need to improve the transport infrastructure. The indicators calculated in the analysis can be used to analyze and monitor changes in the transport availability of regions during the realization of infrastructure projects.

Multidrug Resistance of <i>F. tularensis</i> subsp. <i>holarctica</i>, Epizootiological and Epidemiological Analysis of the Situation on Tularemia in the Russian Federation in 2022 and Forecast for 2023

The review provides concise information on the innate ability of cells of the tularemia pathogen, Francisella tularensis subsp. Holarctica, to resist antimicrobials through a variety of mechanisms, leading to its multi-resistance. In total, taking into account new territories, 120 cases of human infection were registered in the Russian Federation in 2022. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 58 constituent entities. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were reported in 18 regions of the country. An outbreak of tularemia occurred in the Stavropol Territory; the disease of mild and moderate severity was found in 76 people. The increased incidence of tularemia persists in the Republic of Karelia with severe cases of the disease in the absence of immunoprophylaxis of this infection in the region. A total of 61 cultures of the tularemia pathogen F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, out of which 20 erythromycin-resistant strains were isolated in the Stavropol Territory. In addition, 8 cultures of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica from a silt sample and mites Dermacentor silvarum and Haemaphysalis concinna caught in the Republic of Altai were isolated. On the territory of the Russian Federation in 2022, 930 999 people were vaccinated and revaccinated against tularemia. Based on the analysis of the data obtained in 2022, epidemic complications in 2023 in the form of sporadic cases of the disease among the unvaccinated population are most likely to occur in the territories of the Central Federal District – in the Vladimir, Ryazan and Smolensk Regions; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk Region and the Republic of Karelia; Southern Federal District – in the Volgograd and Rostov Regions. The situation in the North Caucasian Federal District will remain tense in the Stavropol Territory; in the Volga Federal District – in the territories of the Saratov Region, as well as in the Kirov Region and the Republic of Mordovia; Ural Federal District – in Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts; Siberian Federal District – in certain territories of Omsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk Regions, Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territories; in the Far Eastern Federal District, the most intense epizootic activity of natural tularemia foci is in Primorsky Krai.

Phenotypes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Different Regions of the Russian Federation, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach in Clinical Practice

Aim: to present data on the prevalence of various phenotypes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the features of its diagnosis and treatment in various regions of the Russian Federation following a meeting of chief gastroenterologists.Key points. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) holds the leading position among non-infectious liver diseases in the Russian Federation, its prevalence is 37.3 % and does not tend to decrease.To get information on various aspects of NAFLD diagnosis and treatment, opinion of 18 chief external regional gastroenterologists and leading specialists in the field of liver diseases was studied by analyzing the responses to questions specially formulated for them. Information on the situation in the Ural, Privolzhsky, Southern, Central and North-western Federal Districts was obtained. Regional statistics on the prevalence of NAFLD and its certain phenotypes (steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis), diagnostic instruments and treatment approaches which are used in clinical practice, as well as on the most common associated conditions was presented.Conclusions. The collected information allows to improve both administrative and treatment and diagnostic-related activities in managing patients suffering from this disease.

Tactics and strategy of regional industrial complexes' development in the latest geopolitical conditions

Subject. This article examines the system of relations between the State, business and society regarding the development of industry in the regions of Russia in the context of sanctions. Objectives. The article aims to identify tactical measures that neutralize the impact of large-scale anti-Russian sanctions, and substantiate the strategic directions of development of the regional industry in the face of increasing geopolitical uncertainty. Methods. For the study, we used structural, comparative, and statistical analyses. Results. The article proposes and systematizes measures to support industry in the regions of the Ural Federal District. It also identifies strategic priorities for the development of industry and proposes the concept of industrial policy of the Ural Federal District. Conclusions. The strategic vector of industrial development of the Ural Federal District is determined by the significant production, scientific, technological and educational potential of the region, the implementation of which will improve the standard of living of the population and ensure the contribution of the Ural industry to the achievement of Russia's technological sovereignty.

The necessity to improve melioration in agriculture in order to increase crop yields in regions suffering from draughts

Relevance . The modern development of agriculture in the Russian Federation is constrained by the problems of global climate change, which is expressed in the occurrence of frequent droughts that have a negative impact on grain production. In recent years, frequent droughts have begun to overcome previously unusual territories of the Ural Federal District, which includes the Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions. In these regions, it is suggested to develop land melioration programs to support irrigation initiatives of the main grain-producing regions for the sake of maintaining stable crops and preserving land fertility. Methods . In the course of the study, a combination of analytical and statistical methods was used, as well as an analysis of regulatory legal acts in order to substantiate recommendations for improving the modern meliorative system in Russia for the purpose of agricultural land productivity growth. Statistical data on gross yields and productivity of the main crops in the Ural Federal District were studied using Rosstat data. The state of reclaimed lands was analyzed according to Rosreestr. The main legislative acts of the Government of Russia on the development of land reclamation until 2031 were analyzed. Results . This study showed that there are not enough projects for the development of land melioration in the Ural Federal District. The current state of the lands used for irrigation is considered as unsuitable for use. It is proposed to amend Decree of the Government of Russia № 731 and publish data on reclamation facilities planned to be put into circulation until 2031.

Molecular and genetic characterization of the hepatitis B virus full-length genome sequences identified in HBsAg-negative blood donors in Ural Federal District

Introduction. The World Health Organization estimates that as of 2019, more than 296 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The prevalence of HBsAg-negative, occult form of the disease in blood donors varies depending on the region of the world and the sensitivity of the methods of analysis used. Considering that the genetic diversity of viruses demonstrates space and time variations and taking into account that the genetic profile of isolates in key groups, which may turn into a source of the pathogen spread, is important for forecasting of the epidemiological situation, the attention should be given to identification of HBV genotypes currently circulating among regular blood donors in regions of the Russian Federation.
 The aim of this work was molecular and genetic characterization of HBV genomes identified in HBsAg-negative blood donors in the Ural Federal District.
 Materials and methods. The study material was 1400 plasma samples obtained from HBsAg-negative blood donors in Ural Federal District. The study included the testing for HBsAg, anti-HBs IgG and anti-HBcore IgG antibodies, HBV DNA. For all identified HBV DNA containing samples, sequencing and analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the complete HBV genomes were performed.
 Results. The prevalence of HBV DNA was 4.93%, including 4 (0.28%) cases of false occult hepatitis B. Among anti-HBcore IgG-positive samples, HBV DNA was found in 18.08% of cases, while in persons with detected HBV DNA the anti-HBcore IgG positivity rate was 46.38%. In 8.69% of the isolates, anti-HBs IgG antibodies and viral DNA were detected simultaneously in the absence of anti-HBcore IgG. Based on phylogenetic analysis, HBV subgenotypes distribution in HBsAg-negative blood donors was as follows: D3 53.62%, D2 21.74%, D1 18.84%, C2 5.8%. The high variability in the S, C, P regions of the virus genome in the examined group was shown. In all cases of HBsAg-negative chronic HBV infection identified in blood donors, viral sequences contained at least one amino acid substitution in positions, mutations in which are associated with immune escape. In 3 (4.35%) cases mutations in reverse transcriptase region of P gene that are associated with resistance to the following drugs were identified: lamivudine, telbivudine, entecavir. Mutations in the preCore/Core regions that contribute to the progression of liver disease were also identified.
 Conclusion. Occult HBsAg-negative chronic HBV infection poses a threat of HBV transmission through transfusion of blood and its components due to the extremely low viral load, which does not allow the virus to be detected using routinely used diagnostic kits. The situation can be exacerbated by the abundance and diversity of virus amino acid substitutions that we have identified, including immune escape mutations, drug resistance mutations, and mutations that contribute to the progression of the disease.

Дифференциация малых городов по факторам локализации знаний

The ambiguity of the causal relationship between knowledge creation and regional growth does not indicate its insignificance, as proven by numerous empirical studies. However, such works rarely examine small towns, characterised by uncertainty of knowledge sources. The article aims to identify and compare groups of similar small towns in the Central, Ural and Southern Federal Districts by using a set of knowledge localisation factors. A two-stage clustering was performed by the k-means method according to the following criteria: interactions between actors, specific knowledge stock and financial resources for commercialisation. The resulting cluster centres were divided into quartiles according to the grading system (good, satisfactory or poor). First, the study revealed 10 clusters in the Central Federal District, 7 clusters in the Ural Federal District and 5 clusters in the Southern Federal District. In 35 % of the towns of the Southern Federal District, 35 % of the Central Federal District and 38 % of the Ural Federal District, the estimated specific knowledge stock exceeded the availability of financial resources. Second, towns were differentiated by population and divided into two groups depending on the agglomeration impact of larger cities. Clusters were formed within each group and federal district. 50 % of Ural towns with a population of 10,000 to 20,000 people unaffected by the agglomeration, as well as 62 % of towns with more than 20,000 people have the advantage of specific knowledge stock over financial resources. These values are 18 % and 8 %, respectively, for the Central Federal District, 36 % and 30 % for the Southern Federal District. The findings can help extend the analytical framework for making decisions on the small towns development. Future research may focus on establishing measures to improve the characteristics of clusters.

Greenhouse gas balance of Russia: the specifics of the federal districts

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the greenhouse gas balance developed by the authors for the main participating sectors in the context of federal districts based on actual data for 2021. On the one hand, the energy industry is involved, which is the sector of the economy that occupies a leading position in terms of greenhouse gas emissions – up to 80% of total emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions from the main sectors of the fuel and energy complex were estimated: power generation from fossil fuels and production of fuel and energy resources. On the other hand, the volumes of CO2 absorbed by managed forests of the forest fund, which are the main sink of CO2, were calculated, taking into account losses caused by logging, fires and other causes. The calculated estimates of greenhouse gas emissions showed that the main inflow in all subjects of the Russian Federation comes from energy generation: the largest emission is in the Ural, Central and Siberian federal districts. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, the Siberian Federal District stands out in coal production, and the Urals Federal District in hydrocarbon production. The largest contribution to the absorption of carbon dioxide is made by the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. The contribution of these districts to the total figure for Russia is almost half. The only federal district with a negative net balance of greenhouse gases, as determined by the study, is the Far East.

ИНТЕНСИВНОСТЬ СТРУКТУРНЫХ СДВИГОВ И РАЗЛИЧИЙ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ СУБЪЕКТОВ УРАЛЬСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

The differences and intensity of structural shifts in the sectoral structure of the gross value added of the economy of the subjects of the Ural Federal District are assessed using the Ryabtsev index. Five approaches to assessing such differences are proposed. The Ural Federal District’s sectoral structure differs by far from that of the Russian Federation. The study identifies the Ural Federal District’s subjects with the great-est and least similarity to the sectoral structure of the Ural Federal District as a whole, as well as those with the greatest and least differences from the sectoral structure of the Ural Federal District’s subject that has the prevalent share in the structure of the gross regional product of the district. The insignificance of annual shifts in the sectoral structure of the Russian Federation, Ural Federal District, and its subjects, which took place in 2016‒2020, has been established. The study is based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service. In practice, the results obtained may help solve a set of issues related to spatial development by establishing a comprehensive structural policy for the Ural Federal District’s subjects.

Personal resource capacity at a later age

Introduction. The issues of assessing, preserving and strengthening a person’s potential resource towards ensuring proper quality of life, subjective well-being and life satisfaction at a later age are relevant for many social spheres, including education. The aim of this study is theoretical substantiation and empirical verification of the structural-functional model of personal resource capacity at a later age as a person’s integral characteristic. Materials and methods. The empirical study involved 528 respondents aged 45 to 75 years living in different regions of Russia (the majority – in the Ural Federal District). Two comparison groups were identified: the second maturity period (45-60 years old) and the elderly age (60-75 years old). A set of seven psychodiagnostic techniques selected in accordance with the components of a hypothetical model of personal resource capacity (regulative, life-conscious, life period perception component) was implemented. The methods of descriptive and comparative statistics as well as factor analysis were used for data processing. Results. The structural-functional model of personal resource capacity at a later age including the components “Life management”, “Age acceptance”, “Positive coping strategies”, “Age assimilation” was empirically verified and specified (the share of factor-model explained variance was 32,9%). The peculiarities of personal resource capacity at the second period of maturity and elderly age were revealed (the share of factor-models explained variance was 33.1% and 36.1%, respectively). The differences in the level of individual resources in all components of one’s potential are described, showing both the general decrease in resources in the course of transition to elderly age and the changes in attitudes towards them. Discussion and conclusion. The substantive content of the potential-resource adjusted components has confirmed its integral nature as a characteristic that takes place at a later age, allowing one to realise, redistribute and use the resource opportunities. The obtained results made it possible to differentiate the approaches to resource management at a later age. Educational technologies are effective both at a mature and elderly age, but their realisation should be carried out in conjunction with reflexive/evaluative methods in the programmes for mature-age learners, as well as with the methods of psychological support for elderly subjects of education.

Causal analysis of the interinfluence of workforce productivity and rail freight intensity in the regions of the Ural Federal District

Relevance. The development of the railway industry has a significant positive impact on socio-economic dynamics at both the state and regional levels, which has been confirmed by numerous domestic and foreign studies. However, the issue of mutual influence of such categories as regional labour productivity and rail freight intensity has been little studied. At the same time, the most important task today is to find effective icentives for the growth of regional labour productivity. Research Objective. This study aims to econometric analysis of the relationship between rail freight intensity and workforce productivity in the Ural Federal District (UFD). Data and Methods. The study uses official statistical data on Russian regions provided by the Federal State Statistics Service. The methods of Vector Error Correction Models (VECM) and pooled mean group estimates (PMG method) formed the methodological basis of the study. Results. The study has shown that there is a relationship between workforce productivity and rail freight intensity. At that point, in a short-term period growth of rail freight intensity leads to an increase in workforce productivity, which in a long-term period itself becomes an incentive to increase the shipped commodity mass and rail freight intensity. Conclusions. The findings can be of interest to public authorities at the national and regional levels, for heads of industrial structures and functional institutions, representatives of business and scientific communities interested in the development and modernization of transport infrastructure, being a basic condition for the increased intensity of cargo transportation in the region.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ ОБЛАСТЕЙ УРАЛЬСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА С НОВЫМИ РЕГИОНАМИ (ЛНР, ДНР, ЗАПОРОЖСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ, ХЕРСОНСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ)

The article analyzes the prospects of interaction of the Ural Federal District with new regions of the Russian Federation in the context of agro-industrial integration. This work reveals the specifics of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Ural region and possible interaction with such territories as the Zaporozhye, Kherson regions, Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics. The study characterizes the key areas of agricultural development in the Ural Federal District, the potential for the development of the region in this direction, as well as the possibilities of sectoral integration with other territories, including new ones in the Russian Federation. Considering the above, the purpose of our work is to study the prospects of agro-industrial integration of the Ural Federal District with new regions of the Russian Federation. At the same time, we have concretized the features of the agro-industrial complex of the Ural region, the subject is the integration of the Ural District and the new territories of the Russian Federation. In the context of the research topic, the author analyzes the main directions of agricultural development in the Urals and the possibility of its use for the economic growth of new developing regions. Also in the course of the work, the author offers recommendations on the development of interaction between these economic entities.

Моделирование внешнеторговых потоков высокотехнологичной продукции макрорегиона в условиях роста торговых барьеров

Current geopolitical situation requires improving a methodology for researching, planning and managing foreign economic activity of Russian regions. Imposed sanctions changed the development of Russian foreign trade, contributing to the transformation of foreign economic activity. The study aims to model high-tech trade flows of the Ural macroregion, considering trade barriers, as well as to determine new international trade boundaries and emerging high-tech trade flows. The Ural Federal District was selected for study due to its unique experience in the development of international trade and economic relations, especially in terms of Russian high-tech exports and imports. The gravity model of Anderson and van Wincoop was used to assess changes in trade with friendly and unfriendly countries. As the values of trade barriers and the structure of trade flows in the medium term were assumed stable, the traditional gravity model of Anderson and van Wincoop was modified to predict the redistribution of trade flows between Russia and friendly and unfriendly countries in conditions of increasing trade barriers with the latter. The modified gravity model was applied to predict changes in trade flows for different groups of high-tech products. A growth of trade barriers will cause an increase in trade flows between Russia and friendly countries and a decrease in trade with unfriendly countries. For any elasticity, as trade barriers increase, exports to unfriendly countries decline more than imports from them, and exports to friendly countries grow more slowly than imports. The resulting models and findings can be used by federal and regional authorities to improve spatial, scientific and technological development policies of Russia, as well as to adjust foreign economic strategies in regions of the Urals Federal District.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В РОССИИ

The article evaluates the level of strategic management in the content of current strategies for social and economic development of the Ural and Central Federal Districts of the Russian Federation. The study revealed that the provision of the national digitalization program is not fully reflected in regional strategic management documents. According to the authors, the revealed disproportion is one of the reasons for the weak correlation between the level of digitalization of regions and their socio-economic development. The result of the study is a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the provisions of the national digitalization program in the regional strategic documents. Based on this evaluation, recommendations were developed for reflecting the leading aspects of digital transformation in the core regional strategic document. The research process used methods of content analysis of texts of regional strategies, ratings and comparative analysis. This article will be of interest to regional executive authorities, the scientific community, teachers and students of higher educational institutions.

Проблема провалов развития в экономическом пространстве России и способы ее решения

Проблема провалов развития в экономическом пространстве России и способы ее решения