Unsuccessful Ones Research Articles

An empirical study on entrepreneurial traits and their impact on enterprise success

Purpose Enterprise success is driven by enterprise actions, which, in turn, is influenced by entrepreneurial behaviours. Behaviours are guided by traits. Hence, it is highly likely that personality traits of entrepreneur are critical to enterprise success. This paper aims at finding the relationship between entrepreneurial traits and enterprise success, identify underlying construct and examine how successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs differ across traits. It also attempts enterprise profiling based on these traits and test predictive validity of entrepreneurial traits on enterprise success. Design/methodology/approach In this study, 396 micro, small and medium enterprises comprising both successful and unsuccessful ones are studied together across 11 personality traits. Data was analysed using various statistical techniques like co-relation, t-test, factor analysis, cluster analysis and regression to test hypothesis and arrive at given findings. Findings This study finds there is strong positive co-relations between traits and enterprise success. It establishes that successful and unsuccessful enterprises display distinct traits and significantly differ from each other. Entrepreneurial traits affect enterprise success, and the former has significant predictive value on the later (R-squared = 0.866). Practical implications The findings have implications to entrepreneurs in relation to enriching the existing traits and inculcating new ones. Financial institutions like banks can peruse the findings and include traits and behavioural aspects in borrower selection, credit appraisal, evaluation and credit decisioning, to make it more holistic. It also generates scope for further academic research. Originality/value This study contributes to existing literature and validates existing findings. It also finds that traits are contagious in nature, together of which can be grouped to build an entrepreneurs’ traits index which exerts strong influence on enterprise success.

Evaluation of Transportation Infrastructure: A Case Study of Gold Coast Light Rail Stage 1&2

Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there has been increased reliance on new infrastructure projects to counter economic fallout and underpin employment security. Urban and inter-urban transportation projects, such as major road, rail and port facilities, are popular choices for national and state governments in Australia as they provide broad fiscal support across all sectors of the economy. The problem with stimulus is making sure that the quality of the new infrastructure provides collective utility to a community or region. Whether the benefits will be worthwhile and represent best use of resource inputs requires financial, social, ethical and environmental consequences to be evaluated in a comparable format. The aim in this paper is to analyse the Gold Coast Light Rail (GCLR) Stage 1&2 project using a method that is capable of merging tangible and intangible criteria using an ordinal ranking algorithm. While the GCLR case study is undertaken with the benefit of hindsight, normally these types of evaluations are performed in real time as a project progresses from initiation (design) to implementation (deliver) and influence (delight). The method adopted in this study represents a modern form of multi-criteria decision-making, which enables successful projects to be distinguished from unsuccessful ones using a time period from commencement until one full year of operation has occurred. The i3d3 model, developed by a team from Bond University, has the unique benefit of ranking projects from best to worst across an organisational portfolio, geographic region or industry sector. It also supports past project performance to inform new design through application of a continuous improvement process of recording lessons learned. The GCLR case study calculated 100% of the critical success factors in the model to be positive and produced an overall success ranking of 23 (on a scale of -100 to +100). This paper presents the approach taken to evaluate GCLR’s level of success and the calculations that took place to reach this finding. This is the first time i3d3 has been used on an Australian project.

Evidence of research mastery: How applicants argue the feasibility of their research projects

Abstract Although many studies have shown that reviewers particularly value the feasibility of a proposed project, very little attention has gone to how applicants try to establish the plausibility of their proposal’s realization. With a sample of 335 proposals, we examined the ways applicants reason the feasibility of their projects and the kinds of evidence they provide to support those assertions. We identified three kinds of evidence for mastering research: the scope of scientific skills, the presence of different assets, and the use of stylistic techniques. Applicants draw on them to align the project with scientific standards, embed it in the current state of research, and meet the scientific field’s expectations of how scientists should conduct a project. These kinds of evidence help substantiate a project’s feasibility and to distinguish the project from other proposals. Such evidence seems to correspond with a project’s positive review and approval (grant success). Evidence of research mastery was cited more often by the authors of the successful (approved) proposals than by the authors of the unsuccessful ones. The applicants of the successful proposals gave details of their planned experiments, emphasized their broad methodological and technical competence, and referred to their own preliminary scientific work.

Nest-site selection and nest design of Iberian bullfinches Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae in northwestern Spain

Nest-habitat selection and nest design in a Eurasian bullfinch population in the Iberian Peninsula are thoroughly addressed in this study for the first time. Hedgerows and meadows were found around all of the nests and most of them were supported by hedgerows, so bullfinches consistently used the general woody vegetation available as reproduction habitat and site. Also, poplar plantations appeared preferentially in the immediate surroundings of the nests. Partly reflecting these results, bullfinches chose zones with greater shrub and tree cover than that available. Bullfinches placed their nests on a wide variety of plant species, but showed predilection for thorny species. Overall mean height of nests above the ground was 1.43 m and large-sized shrubs/trees were preferred. The most predominant bullfinch nest orientations were S, E and centered, which arguably provided thermal benefits and protected from severe weather. In general, there were no significant temporal variations in nest-site selection. With the exception of thorny support and favourable orientation, acting jointly, there was no significant association between nest-site characteristics and nesting success, presumably because many nests were already located in the most advantageous places at each time, and because despite this, predation pressure was high. Nest external dimensions were relatively variable, whereas internal width was the least variable nest dimension. No significant monthly or interannual variations in nest weight were observed. Larger nests did not hold larger clutches. Successful nests were larger than unsuccessful ones. The bullfinch nests were of simple construction, with two clearly different regions, the outer nest and the internal cup, with no significant temporal variations in the weight of either. The outer, structural nest consisted mainly of twigs, whereas roots and herbaceous shoots were the highest fractions lining the cup. Hair was the only animal-derived material used by bullfinches.

The First Aortic Endoaneurysmorrhaphy: Ricardo Lozano Monzón (1872-1934).

In 1888, Rudolph Matas described and performed a procedure (endoaneurysmorrhaphy) that revolutionized the treatment of aneurysms, which for centuries had been untreatable or simply involved treatment by ligation and other marginal techniques. In 1940, during the annual meeting of the American Surgical Association, Matas presented the excellent results he had obtained with 98 endoaneurysmorrhaphies, although none of these cases involved an aortic aneurysm. On November 4, 1904, a Spanish surgeon called Ricardo Lozano Monzón was the first person in the world to perform an endoaneurysmorrhaphy on a patient suffering from an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The case was reported in a local journal called La Clínica Moderna in 1905. Despite the journal's limited circulation, Matas and others acknowledged that Lozano was the practitioner of the first, although admittedly unsuccessful, endoaneurysmorrhaphy on an abdominal aorta. Lozano's attempt was followed by other equally unsuccessful ones until Isaac A. Bigger performed the first successful procedure in 1938. The different kinds of endoaneurysmorrhaphy that Matas used, which proved to be effective in the treatment of peripheral aneurysms, did not perform in the same way in aortic aneurysms. Nonetheless, the procedure paved the way for new ideas and contributions (Creech technique).

Monetization Of Digital Content: Drivers Of Revenue On Q&A Platforms

ABSTRACT Valuation of digital content has important individual, organizational, and microeconomic implications. Yet, the existing understanding of digital content consumption is focused primarily on consumption of free content. This means, that digital content is not a source of revenue for contributors and not directly tied to the revenue or expenses of these platforms and that it is practically impossible to capture its value in national income accounts. Academic and anecdotal evidence seems to indicate that sharing of revenue from paid viewership in paid question-and-answer (Q&A) platforms is a factor that differentiates successful platforms, such as Weibo Q&A, from unsuccessful ones, such as Google Answers. Yet, the growing paid Q&A literature does not shed much light on our understanding of the drivers of revenues from paid viewership. Our study focuses on the unique revenue sharing of paid viewership among stakeholders because this feature makes paid Q&A a success and helps ensure the sustainability of the hosting social media platform. This study draws upon signaling theory to identify the drivers of the sales of paid viewership. We further draw on the cognitive view of signal attention and interpretation and the literature on social media trend and the literature on information perishability to hypothesize the differential moderating impacts of question price and content perishability. Consistent with the literature, we found the positive impacts of social media status and social endorsement on the sales of paid viewership. Extending past literature, we found an inverted-U impact of social feedback and the differential moderating effects of question price and content perishability on the sales of paid viewership.

An Empirical Study on Key Entrepreneur Motivations and Their Influence on Enterprise Success

MSMEs play vital role in the economy by way of their robust contributions to GDP, National Income and Employment. Therefore, they get special focus from Government and witness larger public participation. However, in spite of their systematic importance and large scale presence, they face several hurdles for their existence. While many succumb to quick failures, some of them also proceed to attain phenomenal success. Most of the research curiosity in MSMEs comes from this fragility and uncertainty. Researchers believe that, reason of success or failure can be better diagnosed by finding out the genesis—what at all motivated the entrepreneur to initiate the venture. With this objective, 396 samples comprising both successful and not-so-successful enterprises are studied together to understand role of entrepreneurial motivations in enterprise success. The study finds significant co-relation between motivation and enterprise success. Independent t-Test established significant difference between successful and unsuccessful ones in terms of entrepreneurial motivation. Through Principal Component Analysis, three underlying constructs were identified explaining cumulative variance of 62.37%. They measured Need Oriented Motivation, Inspiration Oriented Motivation and Ambition Oriented Motivation. Need Oriented Motivation is found to be basic and universal to both successful and not-so-successful ones. Need served as the necessary condition but not sufficient condition for success. Combining this with Inspiration and Ambition oriented motivation seemed to lead to better probability of success.

Accuracy in Archery Shooting is linked to the Amplitude of the ERP N1 to the Snap of Clicker

An archer requires a well-balanced and highly reproducible release of the bowstring to attain high scores in competition. Recurve archers use a mechanical device called the “clicker” to check the draw length. The fall of the clicker that generates an auditory stimulus should evoke a response in the brain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the event-related potentials during archery shooting as a response to the fall of the clicker. Fifteen high-level archers participated. An electro cap was placed on the archers’ scalps, and continuous EEG activity was recorded (digitized at 1000 Hz) and stored for off-line analysis. The EEG data were epoched beginning 200 ms before and lasting 800 ms after stimulus marker signals. An operational definition has been developed for classifying hits corresponding to hit and/or miss areas. The hit area enlarged gradually starting from the centre of the target (yellow: 10) to blue (6 score) by creating ten hit area indexes. It is found that the snap of the clicker during archery shooting evokes N1–P2 components of long-latency evoked brain potentials. N1 amplitudes are significantly higher in hit area than that of miss areas for the 2nd and 4th indexes with 95% confidence intervals and 90% confidence intervals for the 1st and 3rd indexes with 90% confidence intervals. We conclude that the fall of the clicker in archery shooting elicits an N1 response with higher amplitude. Although evoked potential amplitudes were higher in successful shots, their latencies were not significantly different from the unsuccessful ones.

Metodi i stilovi rada menadžmenta preduzeća

Privatization and change of ownership structure in organizations dealing with production and services, intense competition and accelerated technological development have emphasized the importance of holders of management functions in business systems. Consequently, managers have become the subject of great interest of both private owners and the state. The work of managers is essentially a reciprocal, psychodynamic and two-way process that affects the attitudes, beliefs, behavior and motivation of employees, as well as business success. What distinguishes successful managers from unsuccessful ones is the method and style of work and life of managers, attitude towards subordinates and other influential factors in the work process.

Content expectations and dropout in Dutch vocational education

Unrealistic expectations with regard to one’s study program has been linked to negative consequences for future academic success. Previous studies that have shown this are often retrospective, however, and focus on performance-related expectations (e.g. expected grades), while unrealistic expectations about the required effort and the content of the program (content-related expectations) may be more relevant for explaining dropout in tertiary education. This study prospectively investigates whether the content-related expectations of 208 Dutch Sport Academy students elicited before the start of their vocational program are associated with subsequent dropout and academic performance. Our results show that dropped-out students did not differ in expected grades (even though they did differ in prevocational GPA). Moreover, their content-related expectations at the start of the program did not from successful students, nor were they any less realistic. Still, when retrospectively asked, 50% of the students answered that the concerning program did not fit. This suggests that retrospective reports of inadequate expectations may not reflect deficient expectations before starting the program. Instead, tertiary educational programs may defy expectations in both successful students and later unsuccessful students, with surprises being pleasant for successful students and unpleasant for unsuccessful ones.

Design of Straight Motion Experiment using Electric Motor Ticker Timer Based on Microcontroller

Most school experiment tools are limited and successful abstract concepts and unsuccessful ones become difficult to learn. Therefore we need an experiment to see the facts of the concept of straight motion become real. The purpose of this study is to discuss an experimental device using arduino uno motion to calculate the speed, distance, time and acceleration that has been obtained by an object. The method used is R & D research and development, but only tests on product design. The results showed that this program was able to simulate the concept of straight motion through cooperation between the Arduino program with sensors that work to calculate the expected physical quantities well. 97% with a very high degree of accuracy. As for the empirical test in obtaining an accuracy score of 93% with a high degree of accuracy. Thus this tool has been able to produce the concept of straight motion and has reached accuracy.

Characterization of natural rocks as filler materials for medium-temperature packed bed thermal energy storage system

Abstract Packed bed thermal energy storage system is a promising alternative to reduce the overall investment cost of a concentrating solar power plant. However, the choice of suitable filler materials depends on different steps and criteria in order to satisfy the requirements of the target application (e.g. operating temperatures, charging/discharging thermal power, thermal and mechanical stabilities, etc.). Most of the previous experimental investigations have focused on the lifetime stability of rocks at high-temperature up to 500°C. However, they have not discussed the suitability of the unsuccessful ones and their application for medium temperatures (up to 300°C). In this scope, the main aim of the present experimental work is to correlate the petrographic properties of the investigated rocks with their effect on their thermophysical properties, and their thermal stability for a medium-range temperature between 100°C and 300°C. To achieve this objective, four natural rocks (two varieties of pegmatite, cipolin and garnetite) are subjected to several experimental characterizations: At first, a petrographic analysis is done in order to identify the mineralogical composition and the texture of the samples. Secondly, chemical and structural analyses are conducted on the rocks using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray and x-ray power diffraction techniques. Their thermophysical properties (density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and diffusivity) are also measured. Finally, a thermo-gravimetric analysis is performed in order to test the thermal stability of the investigated rocks. The obtained results suggest that all the studied rocks are potential candidates to be used as filler materials in a packed bed configuration for a medium-range temperature.

Wing-fanning frequency as a releaser boosting male mating success-High-speed video analysis of courtship behavior in Campoplex capitator, a parasitoid of Lobesia botrana.

Campoplex capitator is an ichneumonid parasitoid with a narrow host range, comprising grapevine moth pests. Despite being considered one of the possible candidates for biocontrol of Lobesia botrana, knowledge about its biology is limited and mass-rearing for commercial purposes is still lacking. This research provides a quantitative analysis of the C. capitator courtship and mating behavior. C. capitator mating sequence was analyzed by high-speed video recordings. Main behavioral parameters, with special reference to male wing fanning and antennal tapping, were quantified and linked with mating success. Furthermore, we analyzed the occurrence of population-level behavioral asymmetries during C. capitator sexual interactions and their impact on male success. Results showed that male wing fanning was crucial to successfully approach the female. Males achieving higher mating success performed wing-fanning at higher frequencies over unsuccessful ones. After wing fanning, most of males palpated the female's body with their antennae, before attempting copulation. The overall mating success was >70%, with a rather long copula duration (254.76 ± 14.21 s). Male wing-fanning was lateralized on the left at population level, while antennal tapping displays were right-biased. Side-biased male displays do not differ in terms of frequency and duration of their main features. This research adds basic knowledge to the C. capitator behavioral ecology. Since rearing protocols for C. capitator are being developed, male wing fanning frequency may represent a useful benchmark for monitoring mate quality over time, tackling mating success reductions due to prolonged mass-rearing.

Molecular simulations of host-guest interactions between zeolite framework STW and its organic structure-directing agents

Zeolites have been widely applied in many chemical processes owing to their featured microporous framework structures. Organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) play an important role during of the formation of zeolite frameworks via non-bonding host-guest interactions. Understanding these interactions is crucial to the design of OSDAs and the synthesis of target zeolites. Here, we report a molecular simulation study in the host-guest interactions between zeolite framework STW and 21 alkylated imidazolium and pyrazolium cations that have been used as the OSDAs for the synthesis of STW-type zeolites. We find that OSDAs that have successfully directed the formation of STW exhibit stronger host-guest interactions than unsuccessful ones. Furthermore, we find all successful OSDAs possess relatively more negative atomic charges on nitrogen atoms and smaller dipole moments. According to this finding, we have designed seven new alkylated imidazolium and pyrazolium cations that may be suitable for zeolite STW, and verified their structure-directing capability by molecular simulation calculations.

Social and humanitarian education in the age of globalization

The article examines the prospects for the development of social and humanitarian education in the context of globalization. People’s lives are changing significantly for the better under the influence of globalization, ”says the American scientist J. Ritzer (2018). Today, the most advanced part of young people use the positive influences of globalization for their formation and personal growth, while the unsuccessful ones become outsiders and replenish the number of marginal layers of society, threatening the social security of the state. The increase in juvenile delinquency and cruelty is the result of social ill-being, a lack of funds for obtaining a quality education and a decent life. The purpose of the study is to determine the worldview priorities of social and humanitarian edu- cation in the era of globalization. The significance of the study is directly related to the actualization of the civilizational approach on a par with the modernist one. The results of theoretical and empirical analysis show the intensification of social crises in Kazakhstani society, the stratification of the country’s youth potential in terms of education and culture, worldview values, and the gap between generations is increasing. Only a strong economy, raising the needs of the younger generation, is able to create conditions for combating social crises. A high level of education and culture, a rich intellectual and scientific potential of young people can be created only in conditions of economic growth and in an atmosphere of high moral state of society Key words: youth, social and humanitarian education, globalization, worldview priorities, market society, rationalization.

THE FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING OF EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMES (SCHEMA-MODES) CHARACTERISTIC FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPILS WITH DIFFERENT ACADEMIC ABILITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS

The research purpose was to study functioning of early maladaptive schemes (schema-modes) of secondary school pupils with different academic abilities and achievements. Methods. SMI-T - Schema Modes Inventory for adolescents, which is the version of the Schema Modes Inventory proposed by Young et al. and adapted by A.Bolshakov, was used to diagnose the early maladaptive schemes. The SMI-T questionnaire allows us to estimate ten schema-modes with the following scales: demanding / punishing parents, vulnerable child, angry / enraged child, bully and attack, impulsive / undisciplined child, compliant surrender, healthy adult, detached, self-aggrandizer, and happy child. The obtained data were processed statistically with one-way ANOVA and Student's t-test. Results. Five typological profiles of academically successful pupils and three profiles of academically unsuccessful pupils can be distinguished depending on their academic abilities. The performed comparison of schema-modes characteristic for academically successful and unsuccessful pupils revealed some statistically significant differences. Academically successful pupils are more inclined, in comparison with unsuccessful ones, to such dysfunctional modes as a vulnerable child and a self-aggrandizer. Academically unsuccessful schoolchildren are more prone to such dysfunctional modes of an angry / enraged child, bully and attack, an impulsive / undisciplined child and a detached person. The performed comparison of schema-modes characteristic for pupils of eight typological profiles, based on different academic abilities and achievements, show the existing statistically significant differences for all evaluated functional and dysfunctional schema-modes. Academically successful pupils are more likely to be self-critical, demanding, and vulnerable to adverse influences of difficult situations and self-aggrandizement (modes: demanding / punishing parents, vulnerable child, compliant surrender, self-aggrandizes). Academically unsuccessful pupils are more aggressive, impulsive, and prone to compulsive distractions (modes: angry / enraged child, impulsive / undisciplined child, bully and attack, detached). Both, successful and unsuccessful, pupils with an intrinsic motivation to learn showed a tendency to the mode of a healthy adult. Conclusions. High academic achievements are not sufficient for life success and full-fledged functioning in all life spheres. Academically successful pupils, according to their examined typical cognitive, emotional and behavioural patterns of responses to stressful situations, do not have better psychological well-being than their peers. On the contrary, according to some schema-modes used by them, they exhibit less adaptive features. The development of psychological support programs for teaching of academically gifted secondary school pupils should include not only the development of their academic abilities, but also preventive and corrective actions regarding typical modes formed under parental influence.

NEW BUILDS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIFICATION

The tender and contract technical specifications are discussed and their importance to the overall success of a new build yacht project explained. We explore the way in which the technical specifications and technical advisors fit into the overall project management processes of a new build, as well as the technical specifications interconnected relationship with other important documentation. We discuss some examples where the technical specifications made a large difference to the overall success of a project and how simple details can have significant knock on effects. For both the tender technical specification and the contract technical specification, achieving an appropriate level of non-subjective detail is key and we show that, whilst projects have different overall processes, the technical specifications lie at the heart of successful and unsuccessful ones.

Evaluation of Root Perforation Treatments with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Retrospective Case Series Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical success of the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a sealant material in root perforation treatments. Therefore, the dental records of 53 patients were analyzed, and treatment data was collected (age, gender, tooth location, jaw, presence or absence of radiolucent lesion, fallow up time and final radiographic/clinical assessment). All procedures were performed by a single specialist. Two examiners analyzed three radiographs from the records of each patient and classified the treatments as successful or unsuccessful. Data was analyzed statistically using parametric chi-square (P≤0.05). The examiners classified 69.8% of the cases as successful, with a follow-up time of 1-16.25 years (average: 6 years). The presence of initial radiolucent lesion was observed in 79.2% of the teeth, with a higher index of treatment in maxillary teeth (62.3%). However, the majority of successful cases were located in the maxilla (73.0%), while most unsuccessful ones were located in the mandible (62.5%) (P=0.014). There was no statistically significant difference regarding presence of previous lesions in successful (75.7%) and unsuccessful cases (87.5%) (P=0.330). In the present study, root perforations sealed with MTA had a success rate of 69.8% within 1-16.25 years. The presence of initial injury did not influence the prognosis, and maxillary teeth presented a higher success rate.

Some Stochastic Specific Features of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Carbonization

Reliable calculation of concrete carbonization development is considered as a basis of forecasting corrosion of steel reinforcement and longevity of reinforced construction structures. Investigation results for stochastic specific features of carbonization in a protective concrete layer or its residual thickness in reinforced structures operating in airspace have been obtained for the last 20 years. In this case it is recommended for simulation of a protective concrete layer to use a normal law of distribution and a histogram which looks like distribution of extreme values is recommended for its residual thickness. Stochastic estimation for multiple measurements (1211 results excluding obviously unsuccessful ones) has made it possible to determine rather large values of variation coefficient (maximum values up to 0.34 with average index about 0.19) for indices of initial carbonization for С12/15−С20/25 concrete grades. At the same time these variation coefficients for С25/30 and С30/37 concrete grades have decreased up to 0.15 and 0.11, respectively. It has been established that density of distribution for random carbonization values of С12/15−С18/22.5 concrete grades being operated under conditions of agricultural premises with high aggressive environment corresponds, as a rule, to a normal law after excluding evidently unwanted values. In this connection use of maximum and minimum values of concrete carbonization in selections for estimation of variation coefficients differs from determination for the whole selection and it requires a corresponding correction. While operating С12/15−С18/22.5 concrete grades under conditions of agricultural premises in the period of 10−40 years average values of variation coefficients remain approximately constant with fluctuation up to ±0.01 with average value of 0.11−0.12. Spread in some variation coefficient values for concrete carbonization is decreasing from two to 1.25-fold within this period of time and later on it likely becomes stabilized. As a whole while determining duration of concrete protective layer carbonization it is necessary to take into account not only stochasticity of concrete protective layer and carbonization rate but also random values of concrete carbonization at specific carbonization rate and depth.

Optimization of Cell Free Protein Synthesis: Development of a Restriction Endonuclease Fitness Strategy

Our undergraduate researchers are interested in advancing the field of metabolic engineering for the production of useful metabolites that serve as biofuels, pharmaceuticals, or industrial chemical feedstocks. We published an approach to the metabolic engineering of bacteria called programmed evolution, which introduces variation in regulatory elements for the production of enzymes that control orthogonal metabolic pathways. Programmed evolution uses in vivo fitness modules that enable selection by employing riboswitches to transduce the production of desired metabolites into antibiotic resistance. Because of limitations imposed by in vivo programmed evolution such as crosstalk between orthogonal and native bacterial metabolism, the toxicity of some metabolites, and poor representation of large variation spaces, we want to reinvent programmed evolution as an in vitro strategy. This preliminary report describes our first steps of comparing lysates from two different strains of E. coli and using them to carry out cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS). We also designed, constructed, and have begun testing a fitness module based on the expression of the restriction enzyme SmaI. We are working toward a proof‐of‐concept system in which combinations of DNA regulatory elements that enhance the production of caffeine demethylase are selected for their ability to produce theophylline. Theophylline production will turn on a riboswitch that leads to a burst of SmaI expression. Localized SmaI activity is expected to preferentially cleave successful control elements over unsuccessful ones, allowing purification and identification of previously unknown requirements for CFPS‐controlled metabolism. The successful development of in vitro programmed evolution would enable researchers to exploit the power of selection to discover combinations of control elements for the optimal yield of metabolites that are not easily produced in vivo.Support or Funding InformationNSF RUI grant MCB‐1613203 to Davidson College and MCB‐1613281 to Missouri Western State University, Davidson College Martin Genomics ProgramThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.