Unsuccessful Ones Research Articles

The effects of water flow velocity and odor release frequency on the odor-tracking behavior of swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus)

Chemical-guided tracking is vital for critical activities such as foraging and mating in swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus), as it facilitates the detection and localization of odor sources. While water flow and odor release patterns are known to influence odor-tracking behavior, the specific mechanisms of their impact remain poorly understood. This study quantified the tracking behaviors of juvenile swimming crabs in response to varying water flow velocities (0.7 cm/s, 1.6 cm/s, and 2.5 cm/s) and odor release frequencies (0.5 Hz, 1.0 Hz, and 1.5 Hz). Results indicate that (1) at a flow velocity of 1.6 cm/s, crabs exhibited a higher proportion of tracking and success. Successful trackers at this flow velocity also demonstrated better tracking performance, including higher net-to-gross displacement ratios (NGDR), reduced gross displacements, shorter exit and track durations, and simpler tracking trajectories. (2) While odor release frequency did not significantly affect the proportion of tracking or success, the successful trackers at a higher frequency (1.5 Hz) had lower NGDR and higher gross displacements compared to those exposed to a lower frequency (0.5 Hz). (3) The successful trackers were not stastistically affected by the interaction between flow velocities and release frequencies. (4) In contrast to successful trackers, unsuccessful ones showed highly variable responses to flow velocity and odor release frequency, with generally inferior tracking performance. These findings provide valuable insights into the olfactory ecology of swimming crabs and can inform the optimized of aquaculture management and formulated feeds production.

Comparisons of ground reaction force between successful and unsuccessful lifts in snatch and clean-and-jerk in weightlifting

<p>目的：利用符合舉重運動特性的單軸測力平台，探討菁英選手在抓舉與挺舉時，成功與失敗地面反作用力參數之差異。方法：11名大專舉重選手為本研究參與者。參與者進行符合正式比賽規定的抓舉與挺舉動作時，雙腳需分別站立於長2公尺寬1公尺的舉重專用測力平台。每位參與者先完成抓舉再進行挺舉，每次試舉過程利用測力平台收集地面反作用力，並計算各階段力量峰值、發力率、壓力中心前後位移、雙腳寬度距離、右腳力量比例，再進行差異比較。結果：成功抓舉在第一拉期力量峰值、接槓時間顯著大於失敗；高比例的參與者，在接槓期力量峰值亦小於失敗。成功挺舉在上搏接槓期力量峰值顯著小於失敗。結論：失敗最高的階段發生在接槓期。抓舉應提高第一拉期的力量，以爭取更多接槓時間。接槓期應減少負荷力量；在上挺接槓分腿支撐時，可將槓鈴與壓力中心向後移動，並維持壓力中心接近於雙腳跨距中間偏前的位置。舉重專用測力平台能全程給予選手發力方式的回饋，有利於修正技術。</p> <p> </p><p>Purpose: To explore the differences in ground reaction force parameters between successful and unsuccessful lifts during the snatch and clean-and-jerk using an internally developed uniaxial force platform. Methods: Eleven elite college-level weightlifters were recruited in this study. They were asked to stand on a 2m1m force platform to perform the snatch and clean-and-jerk with self-selected weights by following the official competition rules. The maximal total ground reaction force (vGRF), rate of force development, the center of pressure, feet distance, and force distribution of the right foot were calculated and compared across different phases. Results: In the snatch, the peak vGRF of the first pull and the catching time in successful lifts were significantly higher than in unsuccessful ones. Moreover, the peak vGRF of catching in successful lifts was lower than in unsuccessful lifts. In successful clean-and-jerk, the peak vGRF of catching during clean in successful attempts was lower than in unsuccessful lifts. Conclusion: The phase with the highest failure rate occurred during the catch phase. In the snatch, increasing the force during the first pull may allow for more time in the catching phase. It is also recommended that the loading force should be reduced during the catching phase. In the split jerk, results showed moving the barbell and the center of pressure backward while maintaining the center of pressure slightly forward of the midpoint between the feet can improve stability. It is recommended that during weightlifting training, the internally developed force platform serves as a valuable tool to provide feedback on biomechanical indicators such as force development and help coaches and athletes refine weightlifting techniques in real-time.</p> <p> </p>

Optimizing Startup Success Prediction Through SMOTE Oversampling and Classification

Rapid technological advancements have led to a surge in the number of startups competing with innovative ideas. Predicting the chances of a startup's future success becomes crucial for entrepreneurs in making informed decisions and strategizing their growth. This study investigates the effectiveness of the Gradient Boosting classification algorithm in predicting startup success. To address potential class imbalance within the dataset, a pre-processing step utilizing Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was employed. The dataset itself encompassed a wide range of variables related to startup attributes and performance metrics. The F1-score metric was utilized to evaluate the model's accuracy while minimizing false positive predictions that could potentially mislead investors. Gradient Boosting algorithm was employed to analyze the dataset, which was pre-processed using SMOTE to handle potential class imbalance. This technique helps to create synthetic data points for the minority class, resulting in a more balanced dataset for the classification model. The dataset itself encompassed a wide range of variables related to startup attributes and performance. The F1-score metric was utilized to evaluate the model's accuracy while minimizing false positive predictions that could potentially mislead investors. Gradient Boosting algorithm achieved an F1-score of 86% for predicting successful startups and 85% for predicting unsuccessful ones. The low false positive prediction rate of 7.9% on the test data further validates the model's reliability. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of Gradient Boosting in predicting startup success with high accuracy and minimal false positives

Failure, withdrawals, and retakes in intermediate microeconomics

Using data from 11 institutions, the authors investigate enrollments in intermediate microeconomics to determine characteristics of successful and unsuccessful students and follow the retake behavior of unsuccessful students. Successful students are significantly different from unsuccessful ones, and unsuccessful students differ by type (unsuccessful completers vs. withdrawers). Aptitude is a strong predictor of success but not of retake. Having taken or concurrently taking intermediate macro reduces the likelihood of withdrawal and increases that of retake. Proficiency in calculus reduces the likelihood of unsuccessful completion but is uncorrelated with withdrawal and retake. Predictors of unsuccessful completion, withdrawal, and retake are similar in direction and significance for males and females, although magnitudes differ. URM students are more likely than white and Asian students to earn less than a C−.

Cluster-Based Sampling in Hindsight Experience Replay for Robotic Tasks (Student Abstract)

In multi-goal reinforcement learning with a sparse binary reward, training agents is particularly challenging, due to a lack of successful experiences. To solve this problem, hindsight experience replay (HER) generates successful experiences even from unsuccessful ones. However, generating successful experiences from uniformly sampled ones is not an efficient process. In this paper, the impact of exploiting the property of achieved goals in generating successful experiences is investigated and a novel cluster-based sampling strategy is proposed. The proposed sampling strategy groups episodes with different achieved goals by using a cluster model and samples experiences in the manner of HER to create the training batch. The proposed method is validated by experiments with three robotic control tasks of the OpenAI Gym. The results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is substantially sample efficient and achieves better performance than baseline approaches.

Retained Biliary Plastic Stents: Clinical Presentation, Complications, and Management

Abstract Background Biliary plastic stent (PS) mandates timely removal or replacement. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had affected the accessibility to medical therapy resulting in delay. We evaluated the burden of retained biliary PS, clinical profile, and impact of COVID-19 pandemic on stent retention. Material and Method Endoscopy database records between November 2019 and April 2022 were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients who had undergone stent exchange or removal > 3 months, that is, retained stents. Demography, comorbidity, indication and outcomes of index endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, size and duration of indwelling biliary PS, clinical presentation, imaging findings, cholangiography findings, stent-related complications, and stone formation and endotherapy details were noted. Results A total of 252 patients (100 [39.68%] males; median age 47 years [interquartile range [IQR] 32–56 years]) had common bile duct (CBD) stent retention. Median duration of retained CBD stent was 5 months (IQR = 4–6 months). Seventy (27.8%) were symptomatic with cholangitis (22, 8.7%), only jaundice (16, 6.3%), and only biliary abdominal pain (32, 12.7%). Sixty-one of 70 (87.1%) had abnormal imaging; 59/70 (84.3%) had new onset biliary stone or sludge (p ≤ 0.005). Stent retention > 6 months was significantly associated with stent fragmentation (0 vs. 20, p < 0.005) and choledocholithiasis (9 vs. 58, p < 0.005). Small caliber stent retention was more symptomatic (7 vs. 10 French [12/28 [42.85%] vs. 58/224 [25%], p = 0.049]). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase levels, and CBD stent retention > 6 months were significantly associated with complications. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum AST > 2× upper limit normal (odds ratio [OR] = 5.487, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.1–9.9, p ≤ 0.005) and CBD stent retention > 6 months (OR = 8.6, CI = 3.1–23.92, p ≤ 0.005) were associated with complications. Out of 101 COVID-19 pandemic-attributed delay, 56/101 (55.44%) had symptomatic stent dysfunction. Endoscopic technical success rate was 97%, unsuccessful ones were due to large stones and impacted stents; with no mortality. Conclusion CBD PS stent retention, although mostly asymptomatic, can result in significant morbidity like jaundice, cholangitis, stent migration, fragmentation, or impaction in one-fourth of patients. Use of 7 Fr stent, retention duration > 6 months, abnormal imaging findings, and AST > twice the upper limit were significantly associated with complications. Endoscopic management was successful in 97% of patients.

Commit to your putting stroke: exploring the impact of quiet eye duration and neural activity on golf putting performance.

There is a growing interest in characterizing the cognitive-motor processes that underlie superior performance in highly skilled athletes. The aim of this study was to explore neural markers of putting performance in highly skilled golfers by recording mobile EEG (electroencephalogram) during the pre-shot period. Twenty-eight right-handed participants (20 males) with a mean age of 24.2 years (± 6.4) and an average handicap of +1.7 (± 6.4) completed a testing session. Following the warm-up, participants completed 140 putts from a distance of 8ft (2.4m), with putts taken from 5 different positions. While putting, participants wore an eye tracker and a gel-based EEG system with 32 electrodes. Time and frequency domain features of the EEG signals were extracted to characterize Movement-Related Cortical Potentials (MRCP) and rhythmic modulations of neural activity in theta, alpha, sensorimotor and beta frequency bands associated with putting performance. Eye-tracking data demonstrate that mean Quiet Eye durations are not a reliable marker of expertise as the same duration was found for both successful and unsuccessful putts. Following rigorous data processing data from 12 participants (8 males, mean age 21.6 years ± 5.4, average handicap +1.5 ± 4.4) were included in the EEG analysis. MRCP analysis revealed performance-based differences, with unsuccessful putts having a greater negative amplitude in comparison to successful putts. Time frequency analysis of the EEG data revealed that successful putts exhibit distinct neural activity profiles compared to unsuccessful ones. For successful putts, greater suppression of beta was present in the central region prior to the putt. By contrast, increased frontal theta power was present for unsuccessful putts immediately before the putt (consistent with hesitation and the need for motor plan adjustments prior to execution). We propose that neural activity may provide plausible insights into the mechanisms behind why identical QE durations can lead to both success and failure. From an applied perspective, this study highlights the merits of a multi-measure approach to gain further insights into performance differences within highly skilled golfers. We discuss considerations for future research and solutions to address the challenges related to the complexities of collecting clean EEG signals within naturalistic sporting contexts.

Pair programming with ChatGPT for sampling and estimation of copulas

Without writing a single line of code by a human, an example Monte Carlo simulation-based application for stochastic dependence modeling with copulas is developed through pair programming involving a human partner and a large language model (LLM) fine-tuned for conversations. This process encompasses interacting with ChatGPT using both natural language and mathematical formalism. Under the careful supervision of a human expert, this interaction facilitated the creation of functioning code in MATLAB, Python, and R. The code performs a variety of tasks including sampling from a given copula model, evaluating the model’s density, conducting maximum likelihood estimation, optimizing for parallel computing on CPUs and GPUs, and visualizing the computed results. In contrast to other emerging studies that assess the accuracy of LLMs like ChatGPT on tasks from a selected area, this work rather investigates ways how to achieve a successful solution of a standard statistical task in a collaboration of a human expert and artificial intelligence (AI). Particularly, through careful prompt engineering, we separate successful solutions generated by ChatGPT from unsuccessful ones, resulting in a comprehensive list of related pros and cons. It is demonstrated that if the typical pitfalls are avoided, we can substantially benefit from collaborating with an AI partner. For example, we show that if ChatGPT is not able to provide a correct solution due to a lack of or incorrect knowledge, the human-expert can feed it with the correct knowledge, e.g., in the form of mathematical theorems and formulas, and make it to apply the gained knowledge in order to provide a correct solution. Such ability presents an attractive opportunity to achieve a programmed solution even for users with rather limited knowledge of programming techniques.

What distinguishes successful social movement from unsuccessful ones

This article wants to explore the channels through which social forces gather together. The anti-awakening protesters of the 1920s had a great social impact through “anti-awakening” propaganda. In this era of increasingly scarce connections between individuals, the building and consolidation of identity will become a challenge. Construction and consolidation of identity, are common in the movement, conscious or not, to ensure solidarity.

Evaluation of clinical abdominal scoring system for predicting outcomes of blunt abdominal trauma

Background Trauma has been called the neglected disease of modern society and the most common cause of death under 45 years. Determining the optimal prospective course of action may be aided by the adoption of a scoring system to evaluate urgent laparotomy intervention. A quick and easy technique to identify whether there are any intra-abdominal injuries is to use the clinical abdominal scoring system (CASS). The objective of this study was to evaluate CASS in predicting the outcomes in patients with blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 80 patients with suspected BAT that arrived at the emergency department. All patients with suspected BAT were scored using CASS and radiological investigations that were done in the ED. The decision to proceed with the surgery would be made if the patient had CASS >12 and/or if the radiological investigation showed features of BAT such as air under the diaphragm. Results Mean CASS score was 10.28 ± 1.340. The majority of the subjects (75 or 93.5%) had successful laparotomies, whereas only five (6.3%) had unsuccessful ones. Injuries to the spleen (42.6%), and liver (32%), combined injuries to the spleen and liver (2.6%), intestine (16%), pancreas (1.3%), bladder (4%), and kidneys (1.5%) were all found in positive laparotomies. The CASS has specificity of 60%, sensitivity of 80%, PPV 96.7%, and NPV 16.6%. Conclusions According to our data results, The CASS has a poor ability to predict the need for laparotomy in cases of blunt abdominal injuries as it shows low specificity.

Is a compact organization important for defensive success in elite soccer? – Analysis based on player tracking data

The interest in tactical analysis in soccer has increased in the latest years, especially with the growing availability of player tracking data. With it, the defending team's compact organization, which is considered by practitioners to be an important factor in defense, was repeatedly examined. However, the connection between this defensive principle of play and the defending success remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relation of the principle of playing defensive compact organization to the success of the defense. Based on tracking and event data of 153 games of the German Bundesliga (season 2020/21), the compactness (surface area, spread of the team, and of defending subgroups) and the organization (distances between formation lines) of the defending team was compared between successful and unsuccessful defensive plays. There were almost no differences in the compactness of the whole team, and the organizational measures between successful and unsuccessful defensive plays. The defending subgroup of five defenders closest to the ball showed a higher compactness (smaller surface area and smaller spread) in successful defensive plays compared to unsuccessful ones (−0.08 ≤ d ≤ −0.16). Our results indicate that the compactness of players in areas close to the ball seems crucial for defensive success. However, the compact organization of the entire team does not seem important to regain the ball in defense.

Investigating the differences in nutritional status between successfully weaned and unsuccessfully weaned respirator patients

Long-term respirator users admitted to intensive care units need to be transferred to a respiratory care center (RCC) for weaning. It may cause malnutrition in critical care patients, which may manifest as a reduction in respiratory muscle mass, lower ventilatory capacity, and decreased respiratory tolerance. This study aimed to assess that if the patients’ nutritional status were improved, it could help RCC patients to wean from respirators. All participants were recruited from the RCC of a medical foundation in the city and Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital. The indicators include serum albumin level, respirator detachment index, maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), rapid shallow breathing index, and body composition measurements. We recorded the length of hospital stay, mortality, and RCW (respiratory care ward) referral rate for these participants and analyzed the differences in relevant research indicators between those who were and weren’t weaned off. 43 of 62 patients were weaned from respirators, while 19 failed. The resuscitation rate was 54.8%. Patients with respirator weaning had a lower number of RCC admission days (23.1 ± 11.1 days) than respirator-dependent patients (35.6 ± 7.8 days, P < 0.05). The PImax of successfully weaned patients had a greater reduction (− 27.09 ± 9.7 cmH2O) than unsuccessful ones (− 21.4 ± 10.2 cmH2O, P < 0.05). The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores of successfully weaned patients (15.8 ± 5.0) were lower than those who were not (20.4 ± 8.4, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum albumin levels between the two groups. In the successfully weaned patients, the serum albumin concentration was increased from 2.2 ± 0.3 to 2.5 ± 0.4 mg/dL, P < 0.05. Improved nutritional status can help RCC patients to wean from respirators.

The Evaluation Criteria Used by Venture Capitalists

Venture capital investments are very common sources of funding today. The rise of many well-known companies attributes to the bet from venture capitalists. There are successful investment examples and unsuccessful ones as well. This paper explores four venture capitalists’ criteria on their investments based on the common theories of different literature review and analyzes them by exemplifications of real cases from Mobileye, Genentech, Cerent, Alibaba, Meitu, JD.com, and Ele.me. All of the cases chosen happened in the last 25 years from different countries in the world. After analyzing these cases, four general evaluation criteria used by venture capitalists are reached: technology, attractiveness of the market, customer adoption, and product or service. Technology and market attractiveness often determine the potential of a product. Customer adoption and product or service can prove whether the company has a clear judgement on its potential customer. Providing examples and data, the paper discovers that venture capitalists often use these four criteria to determine whether a company worth investing or not.

Breeding phase and outcome determine space use in European rollers Coracias garrulus prior to migration.

The breeding period is a demanding and time-constrained phase for migratory bird species. Breeding outcome and duration can interact with the extent and duration of post-breeding movements, resulting in individual differences in space use ultimately influencing later stages of the annual cycle. We present space-use and home range estimates during the breeding season for 21 European rollers Coracias garrulus tracked between 2018 and 2022, in Italy and Croatia. Using high-resolution spatial GPS data coupled with regular nest-box monitoring, we analyzed differences in space use during the incubation/nestling period versus post-breeding period prior to migration, accounting for the breeding outcome (successful vs. failure). We found that adult movements were strongly reduced during the first phase, whereas increased in the post-breeding phase, especially for failed breeders. Successful breeders remained in the surroundings of the nest site, whereas unsuccessful ones tended to abandon the nest and visit distant areas (up to 500 km) for long periods (60.5 ± 6.2 days). Breeding outcome did not influence the departure date of autumn migration, suggesting that failed breeders used this period for exploratory movements but not for advancing the onset of migration. Such exploratory movements may be functional to prospect and inform settlement decisions in failed breeders in search of new breeding opportunities and may be particularly important in migratory species, which generally have a limited period to gather information prior to autumn migration. The study demonstrates the need to investigate seasonal movements in different populations and the potential importance of prospecting post-breeding movements for long-distance migratory species.

DOSTOEVSKY’S REALISM: CONTINUATION OF THE DISPUTE

The aim of the article is to determine the connection between F. M. Dostoevsky’s creative work with the phenomenon denoted in the modern literary studies by the terms of “spiritual realism,” “Christian realism,” “religious realism,” “symbolic realism,” etc. The writer worked in the genre of realism, he called himself a realist, and it is easy to notice the features of social, psychological, philosophical and even political realism in his works. However, at the same time, there was always something else in them that was more significant and added unique originality to the writer’s works. Many modern researchers believe that the foundations of this phenomenon lie in the common cultural European Christian tradition. Having studied various research approaches with the method of comparative analysis, author of the article comes to the conclusion that the most accurate term denoting the features of Dostoevsky’s artistic method is “Orthodox realism.” The writer himself called his method “complete realism,” “realism in the highest sense,” absolutely rejecting the label of a writer-psychologist. This circumstance has attracted the attention of researchers more than once. While studying their points of view and analyzing Dostoevsky’s own views on the goals and objectives of artistic creativity, the author of the article concludes that “realism in the highest sense” is based on the principle of transforming the Orthodox view of the world into artistic imagery. Many features of this principle can be seen throughout Russian literature, but it was Dostoevsky who brought those features together, developed and strengthened the most productive of them, removed certain incidental and unsuccessful ones and created Orthodox realism as a full-fledged artistic method. Based on it, the novels of 1866–1890s and “The Writer’s Diary” were written.

Apparent acquired resistance to local anesthetics in a pregnant patient: Coincidence or a novel entity?—A Case report

We present a case of a 28-year-old pregnant patient in labor with two prior cesarean sections with a history of both successful and failed spinal anesthesia in her first and second pregnancies, respectively. This time, attempts at spinal anesthesia failed twice despite ruling out the common causes such as technical or drug error. Surgery was ultimately performed under general anesthesia uneventfully. While technical factors may contribute substantially to failure of spinal anesthesia, the sequence of events in this case, viz. one successful subarachnoid block followed by two unsuccessful ones three and seven years apart, supported by investigative evidence, indicates a possible acquired resistance to local anesthetics.

Examining trainees' success in Basic Offshore Safety Induction and Emergency Training (BOSIET) on the basis of their anxiety levels.

A descriptive study was designed to determine the relationship between the anxiety levels of offshore workers participating in the Basic Offshore Safety Induction and Emergency Training (BOSIET) and their success in the training and to examine the potential factors affecting anxiety. The trainees' state-anxiety values were determined using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Form TX-1 before and after each exercise, and trait-anxiety values were determined using TX-2 after all exercises had been completed. Among 276 trainees, female (n = 17), non-swimmers (n = 22) and younger trainees (median age: 35 [32-41]) had higher state-anxiety levels. The most anxiety-provoking and the most unsuccessful parts of the training were helicopter escape, the use of Compressed Air Emergency Breathing System (CA-EBS), and sea survival, respectively. After the CA-EBS exercise, where failure was seen for the first time, the anxiety level of those who failed increased. The post-exercise state-anxiety scores of the unsuccessful ones were higher than those of the successful ones.

Path to Success or Failure in Foreign Language Speaking

The article contributes to the research field on the development of speaking in a foreign language. It presents the results of a survey conducted at the University of Defence in Brno. The survey was designed to identify differences between two groups of fifty students with different levels of their speaking sklil in English, corresponding to A1 and B1 levels in terms of the CEFR. The participants were interviewed in Czech about their previous language achievements, motivation to learn English and their experience of learning English. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using inferential and descriptive statistics. The outcomes have shown that the groups differed significantly in the type of school the students had studied at prior to the university, the grades they had achieved in their secondary school leaving examinations in English Language and Czech Language and Literature, and the degree of their motivation to learn English. Furthermore, the analysis of students’ opinions on the development of their speaking skill in English has revealed that successful foreign language speakers actively seek opportunities to speak in the foreign language, and attribute their success to factors within their control, which is not the case of the unsuccessful ones. The author proposes that undergraduates with low foreign language skills should be detected and interviewed in their native language when they enter university to reflect on their language learning experience, and encouraged to resume responsibility for their language skills development.

The History of Medical Ethics in India

The History of Medical Ethics in India

Заглавия изданий: между рекламой и прагматикой

The title, as one of the most important elements of any publication, has a dual nature. The aim of the article is to evaluate the correlation of advertising and pragmatic functions in the titles of modern mass literature publications. The study was conducted on the basis of an experiment. Thirty-four titles of fiction publications were the material for it; these are books by the Eksmo Publishing House, published in the first half of February 2022. Respondents were asked to choose no more than five titles of books that they would like to read. After that, they had to briefly describe what they thought each selected book was about. Eighty-five people took part in the survey. Successful book titles (chosen by more than 10% of respondents) and unsuccessful ones (chosen by fewer than 5% of respondents) were taken for further research. All of them were divided into three groups - depending on how accurately the respondents were able to determine the subject, genre or content of the book. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the title of the book should clearly indicate to the potential reader what kind of work awaits them. In some cases, lexical “marking” of a genre orientation is enough for this. According to these signs, the titles Soul Catchers (“souls”: fantasy, mysticism), Looking at the Sea (“sea”: romance), People Are Stronger Than Walls (heroic pathos of comparison) and even Show of Family Secrets (“secrets”: detective, thriller) were correctly interpreted. On the contrary, the title Thrice Risen was associated with mysticism, philosophy, although the genre of the work turned out to be different. The pragmatic component can also be provided by a capacious reflection of the subject matter of the work. On this basis, the problems of books with the titles When Mom is You (“Mom”: the theme of motherhood and relationships with children) and partly Chronicles of the Asylum (“Asylum”: the theme of borderline states of the psyche) were correctly “read”. But the title A Career Requires Sacrifice can be considered unfortunate, since it evoked clear (but false) associations: the difficulty of balancing a career and personal or family life. The book title can also be associated with the text by its style. Thus, the title Looking at the Sea seemed “soft” and “lyrical” to the respondents, which corresponds to the idea of a sentimental novel. In the course of the experiment, the most serious errors of publishers when approving the title were also revealed. One of them is the choice of a title similar to another well-known one (The Mentalist, The Ice Heart). Another common problem is the ambiguity of the title when it includes completely unknown words (The Pursuit of the Pankera) or using complex metaphors (Windows in the Clouds, Rapid Jelly). It is proved that a successful title should be informative and should clearly indicate the genre, thematic focus, problems and style of the work. It also should not contain excessive pathos, should not be stereotyped and should be original enough. The author declares no conflicts of interests.