Unsteadiness Parameter Research Articles

Upper convected Maxwell fluid in an isothermal flow with thermal radiation

In this research paper, a mathematical model of the isothermal flow of upper convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid with thermal radiation through a saturated porous media was studied in detail, with different physical parameters being considered. Maple 18 software is used to implement this strategy. The analysis of the results showed that the flow system was significantly influenced by the Schmidt, Darcy, and Deborah numbers, the unsteadiness parameter, the Maxwell parameter, the magnetic field parameter, and other physical characteristics. The influence of several physical characteristics on the flow system are discussed and shown graphically.

An Analytical Analysis of Mixed Convective MHD Casson Flow with Ramped Wall Temperature

This research discusses the behavior of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid subjected to a ramped wall temperature along an infinitely inclined plate. Non-Newtonian fluid, specifically the Casson fluid, is employed to characterize fluid behavior in this research. The effects of porous media, chemical reactions, and radiation are considered. In practical applications, non-Newtonian fluids find use in lubrication such as grease, engine oil, etc. The Laplace transform technique has been applied during this study where ordinary differential equations are converted from the governing partial differential equations with suitable boundary conditions. These transformed dimensionless equations are subsequently solved numerically with Mathematica, and we have achieved the exact solutions of momentum, followed by energy and finally concentration. In the results section, we have analyzed the behavior of flow features under varying conditions of key parameters, including the governing parameters, the unsteadiness parameter, and the Casson parameter. All the results are shown and analyzed in graphs.

Heat transportation phenomena subject to Ellis fluid over a spinning body: A dynamics of trihybrid nanoparticles

AbstractThe boosting of base fluid thermal transport is a remarkable significance in the current research era, and numerous types of techniques are being utilized to achieve this goal. The mixture of nanoparticles inside the host fluid is responsible to improve base fluid thermal performance. The modified Buongiorno's nanofluid model is explored in the current study along with the significant trihybrid nanoparticle effect. The fundamental equations of the chosen flow model are transformed using a similarity transformation, and the succeeding equations are then resolved numerically using the discretization of Keller‐Box in MATLAB. The primary velocity profile is directly raised with large values of the Hartman number, unsteady, and Ellis's fluid parameters, while an inverse curves trend is reported in secondary velocity. The primary speed of fluid is significantly greater compared to di and mono‐hybrid cases, and this study reveals that optimal thermal transport is achieved against tri‐hybrid cases. The tri‐hybrid model has 9% improvement in Nusselt number when compared to single and two‐type nanoparticle fluid models.

Analysis of heat generation and viscous dissipation with thermal radiation on unsteady hybrid nanofluid flow over a sphere with double-stratification: Case of modified Buongiorno's model

PurposeThis work uses entropy generation analysis to numerically analyze magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) unsteady flow, heat and mass transfer. The study considers changing viscosity, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, mass suction, heat generation, and stratification processes in a hybrid nanofluid around a spinning sphere. A two-phase nanofluid flow model (Buongiorno model) is used to tackle the current challenge. Both the free stream velocity and the sphere's angular velocity changed over time. Design/methodology/approachThe case study's complicated partial differential equations are transformed into simpler ordinary differential equations utilizing similarity transformation. Implementing the fourth-order Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method with a shooting scheme in MATHEMATICA has allowed us to get numerical solutions for ordinary differential structures. FindingsThe many aspects of these regulated physical characteristics have been elucidated and thoroughly examined via the use of charts and tables. For increasing values of unsteadiness parameter, the velocity profiles in the x-direction grow while they decrease in the z-direction. On the other hand, the temperature profile exhibits a dual pattern, and the concentration profile decreases. As the chemical reaction parameter climbs from 0.25 to 1.0, the Sherwood number for the nanofluid rises by 6721.39% and for the hybrid nanofluid, 3818.9%. When Nr increases from 0.2 to 0.8, nanofluid Nusselt number climbs 22.5% and hybrid nanofluid's Nusselt number rises 21.9%. The Brinkmann number and nanoparticle volume percentage are strongly associated with entropy production. Entropy generation is dual for the temperature difference, magnetic, radiation, and changeable viscosity parameters. The findings are also compared to those from the existing literature and are in excellent agreement with them.

Soret and Dufour effects on MHD mixed convective unsteady flow over stretching sheet with variable fluid properties and convective boundary condition

In several industrial and engineering applications, variable fluid properties play a major role in flow and heat transport processes. The goal of this communication is to analyse the Soret and Dufour effects for an unsteady MHD flow past a stretching sheet under the influence of temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity along with the convective boundary condition. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity transformations, and a numerical analysis is done by using bvp4c, MATLAB’s built-in solver. The flow properties and heat transfer characteristics have been depicted graphically and numerically. Results show that the wall temperature gradient improves by about 8.5%, while the temperature of the fluid near the stretching sheet significantly improves upon increasing the Biot number. Employing fluids with higher viscosity and thermal conductivity consequently leads to a reduction of the wall temperature gradient by about 0.3% and 10.7%, respectively. Also, as the unsteadiness parameter increases, the wall-skin friction, heat and mass transfer rates significantly rise by about 10.4%, 4.4%, and 9.8%, respectively. Further, to verify the accuracy of the generated results, the computed results have been compared with published literature.

Statistical analysis on the rate of heat transfer of radiative water‐based hybrid nanofluid flow over an elongating surface due to velocity slip and melting heat condition

AbstractThe performances of the heat transfer due to dissipative heat likely magnetic dissipation is a challenging field of research because of it's diversifies applications in industries and engineering. Particularly, nowadays, in biomedical field of research the implementation of dissipation along with thermal radiation is vital. Based upon the current scenario, the present investigation leading to the role of magnetic dissipation vis‐à‐vis thermal radiation on the water‐based hybrid nanofluid past an electro‐magnetized elongating surface associated with melting boundary conditions. The adaptation of the transformed rule particularly, similarity rules are useful to convert the proposed set of problems in to ordinary. Further, shooting‐based numerical technique is proposed to handle the governing equations. The interesting and novel approach in this topic is the use of robust statistical technique, that is, response surface methodology for the optimizing Nusselt number for the use of various factors. Moreover, the validation is obtained by conducting a hypothetical testing using analysis of variance (ANOVA) which conforms a best output model for appropriate response. Further, the major outcomes of the study are depicted as; the unsteadiness parameter decelerates the velocity profile of the hybrid nanofluid for the interaction. However, the increasing particle concentration favours in enhancing the heat transport phenomenon.

Effects of time-dependent and radiation on a tri-hybrid nanofluid flowing on stretchable/shrinkable cylinders with irregular heat generation/absorption using Ohmic heating

This work focuses on the non-linear dynamics of unsteady tri-hybrid nanofluids inside a thermally radiative, expandable or contractible cylinder, which has been a consistent subject of interest for contemporary researchers. An advanced model is formulated to address the unsteady external flowing of a conductive 50 %:50 % by volume aqueous solution of ethylene glycol-based ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) over a linearly stretched cylindrical structure, considering the significant applications of an anti-freeze agent in industrial, construction, nuclear, and mechanical domains. The proposed tri-hybrid nanomaterials consist of cobalt magnetite, titania, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The heat transfer rate is analyzed concerning viscous dissipation, Ohmic heating, and convective boundary conditions. This research examines the effects of magnetic and induced electric fields. The non-dimensional similarity model for the controlling partial differential system is derived using appropriate transformations and solved by the homotopy analysis technique (HAM) to get series solutions. In contrast to porosity and magnetic characteristics, the flow rate increases with increasing unsteadiness and electric factors. Close to the surface, the Nusselt number rises with an increasing unsteadiness parameter, but skin frictions diminishes. THNF has been shown to significantly enhance the cooling of cylindrical conduits and mechanical antifreeze agents.

Investigation of unsteady Buongiorno nanofluid in a slanted thermally radiated revolving channel under upstream microbial movement in the absence of chemical reaction

Analysis of Buongiorno nanofluid in a thermally radiated channel in the occurrence of microbes is an enrich research motive. Thermal radiations, dissipation energy, transient effects and upstream microbial acceleration potentially alter the performance of Buongiorno nanofluid. This is a two phase nanofluid model which accommodates the thermophoretic and Brownian movement of the particles along with other integrated physical quantities. Hence, the current research aims to conduct the study of Buongiorno nanofluid in a slanted thermally radiated micro channel in the presence of aforementioned physical phenomenon. The outcomes of the model achieved numerically and discussed deeply. It is investigated that the unsteady and channel revolving parameters enhances the nanofluid movement while adjusting the channel at different inclination also favors the velocity. The velocity G(η) upsurges for larger rotation of the channel while it drops for more transient fluid. Further, the thermophoretic and particles deposition boosts the thermal performance of the setup while thermal radiations depreciated the efficiency. The Schmidt effects in the range of 1.0–7.0 highly contributes in the improvement of mass transport. Moreover, density motile of microbes improved for Lewis and transient effects while Peclet effects are examined excellent to control the microbial influence.

The nanoparticles aggregation aspects on the chemically reactive unsteady flow of alumina-water based nanofluid: A Keller box approach with applications of wavelet physics inspired neural networks

The present study explores the unsteady flow of a nanoliquid past a stretching cylinder with the consequence of heat source/sink and chemical reaction. Additionally, the effect of nanoparticle aggregation, convective boundary conditions, and magnetic field on the liquid flow is taken into consideration. Utilizing similarity variables, the modeled equations are transformed into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Further, the obtained ODEs are numerically solved by using the Keller box method. Moreover, the physics-informed neural network (PINN) is applied to analyze the flow, heat, and mass transport features. Graphical illustrations are used to display the influence of various parameters on the velocity, concentration, and temperature profiles for aggregation and without aggregation cases. As the value of the magnetic parameter increases, the temperature and concentration profile upsurge, but the reverse trend can be seen in the velocity profile. The concentration and temperature profiles rise as the unsteadiness parameter increases, but the velocity profile declines. The concentration, velocity, and temperature profiles are strengthened by an improvement in the curvature parameter value. The intensification in the values of the chemical reaction parameter declines the concentration.

Hydromagnetic Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow Past Linealy Stretching Convergent-Divergent Conduit with Chemical Reaction

This paper investigates hydromagnetic non-Newtonian nanofluid flow past linearly stretching convergent-divergent conduit with chemical reaction using spectral ralaxation method. The fluid considered here is electrically conducting and is subjected to a constant pressure gradient and variable magnetic field. The two non-parallel walls are assumed not to intersect and the angle between the inclined walls is <i>θ</i>. The governing equations are continuity equation, momentum equation, species concentration, induction equation and energy equation. On modelling, the resulting partial differential equations are non-linear and are first transformed into system of ordinary differential equations through similarity transformation. The resulting boundary value problem is solved numerically using Spectral Relaxation Method. The results obtained after varying Hartman number, Unsteadiness parameter, Reynolds number, Solutal and Thermal Grashof number on velocity, concentration, temperature and induction profiles are represented in form of graphs. Some of the application of this study are, when extracting the energy from earth crust that varies in length between five to ten kilometres and temperature in between 500° and 1000°, nano-fluids are employed to cool the machinery and equipment working under high friction and high temperature. This present study considers nanofluid acting as a coolant of such equipment as well as acting as a lubricant thus reducing the rate of wear and tear of the equipment. The copper-water increases the thermophysical properties thus increasing heat transfer coefficient and hence increasing cooling rate.

Dynamics of Fourier's and Fick's laws on the convectively heated oscillatory sheet under Arrhenius kinetics: The finite-difference technique

The significance of chemical reaction with activation energy and convective boundary conditions on the fluid flow via an oscillatory stretchy surface in the presence of permeable media and radiation is analyzed in this study. This inspection presents Fourier and Fick's laws-based equations for heat, mass transport, and liquid flow through an oscillating stretchy sheet. Understanding these dynamics aids in the optimisation of catalytic reaction settings, where gradients greatly influence reaction rates in concentration and temperature. The governing differential equations of the current study are modelled and changed into their non-dimensional form by employing suitable similarity variables. The finite difference method (FDM) is also used to numerically solve the obtained dimensionless equations. The influence of many factors on the several profiles is portrayed with graphical representations. The outcome of the unsteadiness and porosity parameters on the velocity profile with time coordinate is depicted. The increase in the radiation parameter and Biot number upsurges the thermal profile. The temperature reduces as the unsteadiness parameter and temperature relaxation time parameter grow. The upsurge in the activation energy parameter intensifies the mass transport. The rise in concentration relaxation time parameter diminishes the concentration profile.

Thermal characteristics of Falkner-Skan flow of time-dependent Maxwell material with varying viscosity and thermal conductivity

Thermosolutal attributes of Maxwell fluid over a riga wedge subjected to Falkner-Skan flow is described in current work. The effectiveness of the temperature-dependent viscosity and conductivity, along with the consideration of the radiative and activation energies, are included. Problem structuring is conceded into ODE's after utilizing similar variables on the PDE's. An efficient technique bvp4c in MATLAB is implemented to numerically tackle the nonlinear equations. Graphical outcomes are expressed for various involved factors by accounting three different wedge situations are illustrated i.e. λ = 0 (static), λ < 0 (shrinking) and λ > 0 (stretching). Wall drag, heat and mass gradients are also enumerated in comparative sense. Wide range of parameters are defined for instance, 0.3 ≤ A ≤ 0.7, 0.2 ≤ β ≤ 0.6, 0.5 ≤ M ≤ 1.5, 0.2 ≤ Bi ≤ 0.7, 0.5 ≤ m ≤ 1.3, 2.0 ≤ Pr ≤ 3.0, 0.3 ≤ Q ≤ 0.7, and 0.2 ≤ Rd ≤ 0.6. The present study concludes that the velocity profile becomes progressive in the presence of larger values of the Deborah number and the unsteadiness parameter along the static, stretching, and shrinking wedges. The temperature profile shows the same elevating behavior corresponding to the radiation parameter and Biot number. The wall drag force is found to be reduced, and contrary aspects were noticed in the heat flux coefficient when the wedge is stretched compared to the other two cases.

Entropy generation in a chemically reactive magnetohydrodynamic unsteady micropolar nanofluid flow with activation energy over an inclined stretching sheet: A Buongiorno model approach

The goal of this research is to inspect the heat and mass transfer trends and entropy generation in a time-reliant stagnation point stream of a micropolar fluid across an inclined stretched surface. For this objective, a chemically reactive, electrically conducting fluid exposed to an orthogonal magnetic field is studied. The flow governing equations are modelled using Buongiorno model and are reformed to a system of higher order ordinary differential equations by administering appropriate similarity transformations. This system is quantitatively examined by employing the fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme with shooting approach. The effects of thermal radiation, magnetic field, uniform heat source/sink, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, activation energy, and binary chemical reaction are studied on velocity, microrotation, temperature, and concentration profiles. It is observed that magnetic field and Brownian motion elevate the flow temperature. Increased activation energy spikes the fluid concentration while increase in binary chemical reaction reduces the particle concentration. Later, impact of various parameters on skin friction coefficient and heat and mass transfer rates are tabularised. Increasing values of thermophoretic diffusion parameter, Brownian diffusion parameter, and chemical reaction parameter improve the rate of mass transfer. Unsteadiness parameter triggers the skin friction coefficient 53.2% when the parameter value was increased from 0.7 to 1.0. Viscous dissipation and thermal radiation increase the rate of entropy generation. A comparison of skin friction coefficient with previous studies demonstrates a strong agreement.

Comparative study of Yamada-Ota and Xue models for MHD hybrid nanofluid flow past a rotating stretchable disk: stability analysis

PurposeThe hybrid nanofluid flow due to a rotating disk has numerous applications, including centrifugal pumps, paper production, polymers dying, air filtration systems, automobile cooling and solar collectors. This study aims to investigate the convective heat transport and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) hybrid nanofluid flow past a stretchable rotating surface using the Yamada-Ota and Xue models with the impacts of heat generation and thermal radiation.Design/methodology/approachThe carbon nanotubes such as single-wall carbon nanotubes and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are suspended in a base fluid like water to make the hybrid nanofluid. The problem’s governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. Then, the numerical solutions are found with a bvp4c function in MATLAB software. The impacts of pertinent parameters on the flow and temperature fields are depicted in tables and graphs.FindingsTwo solution branches are discovered in a certain range of unsteadiness parameters. The fluid temperature and the rate of heat transport are enhanced when the thermal radiation and heat generation effects are increased. The Yamada-Ota model has a higher temperature than the Xue model. Furthermore, it is observed that only the first solution remains stable when the stability analysis is implemented.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the results stated are original and new with the investigation of MHD hybrid nanofluid flow with convective heat transfer using the extended version of Yamada-Ota and Xue models. Moreover, the novelty of the present study is improved by taking the impacts of heat generation and thermal radiation.

Statistical investigation of heat transfer efficiency on a ternary nanoflow over a stretching surface

Ternary hybrid nanofluids offer significant advantages in heat transfer due to their enhanced thermal conductivity compared to traditional fluids. Investigating their flow behavior over expanding surfaces can contribute to the development of more efficient heat exchangers and cooling systems in the electronics, energy production, and transportation industries. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the flow and thermal transfer characteristics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid (SiO2–Cu–Al2O3/H2O) over a radially stretching surface, utilizing both numerical techniques (Keller Box method) and statistical techniques. Furthermore, the model includes factors like convective heat transport, radiation, internal fluid friction, and suction. Similarity transformations transform the governing equations for fluid flow and heat transfer into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Then the equations are solved numerically using the Keller Box method with the aid of MATLAB software. Additionally, we have employed statistical techniques such as correlation analysis, probable error estimation, and multivariate regression to validate and ensure the accuracy of the numerical outcomes. Parameter ranges for Biot number, radiation, unsteadiness, Eckert number, and energy generation parameter are 0.1 ≤ Mp ≤ 0.7, 0.1 ≤ Ks ≤ 1.5, 0.2 ≤ Ps ≤ 0.8, 0.1 ≤ EN ≤ 0.4, 0.5 ≤ RN ≤ 2, 1≤ BT ≤ 2.5, 0.1 ≤ Hsc ≤ 0.7 and found to significantly impact heat transfer behavior within these bounds. This study utilizes 3D surface plots to visualize the influence of key parameters on engineering quantities. R squared values show that the data strongly match the regression model. The findings demonstrate excellent concordance between the predicted values and the actual Nusselt number and skin friction measurements. Biot number has a very strong correlation with heat transfer, with minimal chance of error. And the same is evidenced by the correlation matrix and multiple regression analysis. Eckert number also exhibits a negative correlation with the Nusselt number. This translates to a situation where increasing Eckert number directly leads to a decrease in the rate of heat transfer, with no margin for error. Energy generation parameter demonstrates a negative correlation with heat transfer. However, there's a slight possibility of error, with an estimated error percentage of around 0.0017.

MHD flow of second‐grade fluid containing nanoparticles having gyrotactic microorganisms across heated convective sheet

AbstractIn order to keep mechanical processes running smoothly, there is a growing need for effective heat transport. The present study aims to explore the variation of heat on time‐dependent maximum hydrodynamic drag (MHD) second‐grade nanofluids perceiving motile gyrotactic microbe with stretchable sheets. We process the analysis of the thermal energy distribution by using the convective boundary conditions. In addition to this, we take both the chemical reaction and the heat radiation into consideration. The governing nonlinear (PDEs) are converted into (ODEs) by a similarity transformation and then computed BVP4c technique. The multiple results are marked in the range of opposing flows only. Then, the effects of numerous physical variables on temperature, concentration, fluid velocity, and motile microorganisms are scrutinized using different graphical representations. The unsteady parameter and second‐grade fluid also strengthen for higher qualities, while inverse conduct is identified for a magnetic field framework. Finally, the temperature field cultivates a more significant assessment of the Biot number, and reverse behavior is observed for the Prandtl number. The obtained results are found appropriate to the existing literature.

Unsteady magnetohydrodynamic bioconvection Casson fluid flow in presence of gyrotactic microorganisms over a vertically stretched sheet

The free convective, unsteady, two-dimensional (2D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Darcy–Forchheimer Casson fluid flow via a vertical stretching sheet containing gyrotactic microorganisms was the novel aspect of this investigation. We rewrote the collection of partial differential equations (PDEs) as nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by considering an appropriate similarity variable. We solved the overhaul of nonlinear ODEs using MATLAB’s bvp4c approach. This study rigorously investigates the significance of gyrotactic microorganisms for Casson fluid motility. Additionally, this work investigates the impact of various parameters, including magnetic parameters, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and radiation parameters, on temperature, motile microorganisms, velocity, and concentration profiles. We use graphs to illustrate the outcomes of various fluid flow parameters. Numerical tables display the effects of different parameters on skin friction, Sherwood number, Nusselt number, and the quantity of motile microorganisms. The unsteady parameter causes a drop in the velocity, temperature, concentration, and the density profile of microorganisms. Additionally, the Casson parameter leads to a decrease in the flow profile, while simultaneously increasing the heat, concentration, and microorganism density profiles. The microorganism density profile decreases as the bioconvection Schmidt number, Peclet number, and motile microbe parameter increase. We deem the new results extremely satisfactory when compared to earlier research. The fields of environmental remediation, biomedical sciences, and engineering may find this examination useful.

Analysis of variable fluidic properties with varying magnetic influence on an unsteady radiated nanofluid flow on the stagnant point region of a spinning sphere: a numerical exploration

Abstract The purpose of this article is to invent the impact of inconstant properties of fluids on the nanofluidic stream towards the stagnation area of a revolving sphere. The motion is treated as an unsteady radiated flow with a nonlinear sort of heat radiation. It is presumed to have Brownian motion &amp; thermophoretic impact in our flow model. Additionally, a variable magnetic influence is addressed perpendicularly on the spherical surface. A suitable alteration has been applied to make dimensionless of our prime flow profiles. The translated equations and the limiting restrictions are solved through a numerical approach. The well established method RK4 Shooting technique is utilized here with Maple 2017 software. In the exploration of the consequences of requisite parameters on thermal, concentration, and flow features, numerous schematics are involved. The nature of physical quantities like Nusselt numbers, friction coefficients, and Sherwood numbers is stated in a tabular manner. It is perceived from the outcomes that the fluid velocity towards the x-direction is reduced for the variable viscosity parameter, whereas the unsteadiness parameter promotes it. The enhancement of inconstant thermal conductivity brings a positive influence on the thermal profile of fluid. Nusselt number drops against the thermal radiation &amp; variable viscosity with a rates 4.50% and 25.88% correspondingly.

Entropy generation and heat transfer analysis of unsteady micropolar magnetized hybrid-nanofluid flow over a radially stretchable permeable rotating disk with viscous and joule dissipation effects

PurposeThis study investigates the unsteady, three-dimensional radiative, micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow across the radially rotating disc in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium, under the influence of an applied magnetic field. The effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating are also considered. Detailed analyses of entropy generation and the Bejan number are provided. Copper (Cu) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are modeled mathematically using a cylindrical coordinate system with engine oil as the base fluid. Both Copper (Cu) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are consider 50 %-50 %. MethodologyThe Navier-Stokes equations governing momentum, microrotation, and energy are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity variables. These modified equations are solved numerically using shooting approach (bvp4c). The study includes graphical representations and discussions on the impact of various controlling parameters. FindingsThe considered range for the parameters are Mn = 0.1 to 3.1, β = 0.1 to 1.3, π = 0.5 to 2.0, St = 0.1 to 1.3, K1 = S0 = A3 = 0.1 to 1.0, Bi = 0.1 to 0.4, Ec = 1.0 to 1.4, . Br = 0.10 to 0.25, α1 = 0.1 to 2.5. Results indicate that the unsteady parameter decay the velocity profile (both radial and tangential direction) and reduce the microrotation velocity in r and z direction, while enhancing the microrotational velocity in θ direction. Additionally, an increase in the stretching parameter raises the radial velocity but lowers the tangential velocity profile. The temperature profile and entropy generation increases for large values of magnetic parameter, whereas the Bejan number decreases. Similarly, tables were analyzed to illustrate the impact of varying physical parameters on the skin friction local Nusselt number. It is noted that the magnetic parameter enhance the skin friction coefficient while decline the local Nusselt number. The concentration of Copper (Cu) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles is (0-6)%.

Influence of heat source/sink on a rotating cone in a rotating nanofluid with magnetic field impact: Application of Hosoya polynomial‐based collocation method

AbstractThe present analysis considers the angular velocities of the free flow and the arbitrarily fluctuating cone over time, leading to an unsteady stream over a rotating cone in a rotating nanofluid. The effects of heat source/sink and magnetic field on an unsteady flow past a rotating cone in a rotating nanoliquid are considered in this examination. The dimensional governing equations are transformed into nondimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the similarity variables. The nonlinear system of ODEs has been solved using the Hosoya polynomial‐based collocation method (HPBCM), and the obtained values are compared with the numerical method Runge Kutta Fehlberg's fourth‐fifth order (RKF‐45) scheme. The effects of numerous factors on the momentum and thermal distributions are shown graphically. Results reveal that the ratio of the cone angular velocity to the free stream angular velocity increases the velocity profile but converse trend is seen for the thermal profile. The upsurge in the values of the magnetic parameter intensifies the velocity profile. The rise in the values of the heat source/sink parameter upsurges the thermal profile. As the unsteady parameter increases temperature profile declines.