Effects of time-dependent and radiation on a tri-hybrid nanofluid flowing on stretchable/shrinkable cylinders with irregular heat generation/absorption using Ohmic heating

Abstract

This work focuses on the non-linear dynamics of unsteady tri-hybrid nanofluids inside a thermally radiative, expandable or contractible cylinder, which has been a consistent subject of interest for contemporary researchers. An advanced model is formulated to address the unsteady external flowing of a conductive 50 %:50 % by volume aqueous solution of ethylene glycol-based ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) over a linearly stretched cylindrical structure, considering the significant applications of an anti-freeze agent in industrial, construction, nuclear, and mechanical domains. The proposed tri-hybrid nanomaterials consist of cobalt magnetite, titania, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The heat transfer rate is analyzed concerning viscous dissipation, Ohmic heating, and convective boundary conditions. This research examines the effects of magnetic and induced electric fields. The non-dimensional similarity model for the controlling partial differential system is derived using appropriate transformations and solved by the homotopy analysis technique (HAM) to get series solutions. In contrast to porosity and magnetic characteristics, the flow rate increases with increasing unsteadiness and electric factors. Close to the surface, the Nusselt number rises with an increasing unsteadiness parameter, but skin frictions diminishes. THNF has been shown to significantly enhance the cooling of cylindrical conduits and mechanical antifreeze agents.