Unsatisfactory Working Conditions Research Articles

COVID-19- related work, managerial factors and exhaustion among general practitioners in Sweden: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionA significant number of international studies show that general practitioners (GPs) suffered from burnout when working during the COVID-19 pandemic. A Swedish study found that more than 16% of GPs had exhaustion in spring 2021. Exhaustion can be regarded as an initial stage of burnout. A knowledge gap remains on GPs´ working conditions, the impact of management during the pandemic and how it was associated with exhaustion. This study aims to explore the association between severe symptoms of exhaustion and COVID-19 pandemic-related work and managerial factors among Swedish GPs and whether managerial factors have an impact on the association between exhaustion and COVID-19-related work factors.MethodsCross-sectional data was drawn from the Longitudinal Occupational Health survey in Health Care Sweden (LOHHCS), which included a representative sample of practicing doctors in Sweden. The sample consisted of 6699 doctors with a response rate of 41.2%. This study constitutes a sample of doctors who reported working in primary care facilities at the time of data collection, i.e. 1013 GPs. The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) was used to assess severe symptoms of exhaustion. Questions were also asked about pandemic-related work and managerial factors. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression to identify the association between exhaustion, work and managerial factors.ResultsThe multivariate analysis showed that GPs who managed COVID-19 patients were about twice as likely to report severe symptoms of exhaustion. Further, GPs who reported that management was unsupportive, provided unsatisfactory working conditions and unsatisfactory policies for patient prioritisation were between two and four times more likely to report severe symptoms of exhaustion.ConclusionsCOVID-19-related work and managerial factors had a significant impact on the mental health of GPs. Furthermore, the potentially protective effect that satisfactory management actions had on mental health was limited. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and in preparation for future major crises that have a high impact on healthcare, there is a need to investigate the measures that can be taken to enable GPs to carry out their work, while maintaining their wellbeing.

Methodology for Creating Personalized Adaptive Lighting Systems for Round-the-Clock Shift Workers

Light has a dominant non–visual effect on numerous physiological processes. Workers with non-standard schedules often suffer from the disturbance of circadian rhythms that depend on light. In this study, we have developed a methodology for creating an adaptive lighting system that helps maintain the psychophysiological state of employees in norm. The existing methods for adapting lighting were considered. It was concluded that the psychophysiological factor of adaptation is relevant for both employers and employees. Various methods of data collection for the functioning and development of the system were reviewed, including psychological techniques and biomonitoring devices. Based on the analysis, a methodology was developed for creating an adaptive lighting system for doctors with round-the-clock and night work schedules with the prospect of future scalability. This will improve the health of employees, which often deteriorates due to unsatisfactory working conditions. Based on the developed methodology, it is possible to create adaptive lighting systems in different areas that require non-standard schedules and increased accuracy to perform work tasks.

Occupational Morbidity of Women Associated with Working Conditions in Agriculture

Introduction. About a third of employees of medium and large agricultural enterprises work in hazardous and harmful conditions. It is worth clarifying that the situation in this area is constantly changing, information may become outdated. The presented scientific work is designed to solve this problem. New information should be considered and systematized to study current data. The work objective is to analyze recently published official statistics on the impact of working conditions on the health of agricultural sector workers and, in particular, women. In addition, the problems of the formation and development of occupational diseases of women employed in agriculture are considered.Materials and Methods. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, as well as the works of foreign and Russian scientists who studied the peculiarities of work in agriculture were used as research materials. Official statistics data were summarized in the form of tables, visualized as diagrams. The illustrative material allowed us, in particular, to compare the indicators, to identify the most significant risks associated with the work of women in the agro-industrial complex.Results. About 35% (that is, more than a third) of the personnel of medium and large enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are women. Many of them work in harmful and dangerous conditions. From 2015 to 2021, the corresponding minimum recorded figure was 26.4% of all women employed in agriculture, the maximum was 37%. Generalized statistical data suggested that from 2015 to 2021 the situation was not significantly improving, a downward trend was not formed. If to speak about hard work, the proportion of women performing such functions increased from 13.8 % to 17.7%, that is, by 2021 the situation noticeably worsened. We noted the progress with strenuous labor processes in agriculture. The proportion of women engaged in such jobs almost halved: from 3.5% to 1.8%. Physical overload, which functionally overstrain the organs and systems of the body, should be recognized as a particularly harmful factor for agricultural sector workers. The most problematic industry from the point of view of women's health was animal husbandry.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the work allow us to conclude about the unsatisfactory working conditions of women in agriculture. The situation can be improved by state control, mutual interest of employers and employees in the organization of workplaces and the compliance with labor protection requirements. A systematic approach should reduce the number of occupational diseases among women, improve the health indicators of agricultural workers.

Actions to consolidate the personnel of the agro-industrial complex in the digital economy

Digital technologies are not only the technological basis for the modernization of agricultural production, but also the basis for continuous self-improvement and expansion of knowledge of employees. The transition to the digital economy requires the majority of economic entities related to the agricultural sector to use modern technologies and equipment in their production. In this regard, a constant increase in the qualifi cations of workers in the agricultural sector is required. Therefore it is necessary to establish a system of continuous training throughout the entire working life. The purpose of the work was to study and analyze a number of actions to consolidate the personnel of the agro–industrial complex in the digital economy. The article considers the problem of securing agricultural personnel under the conditions of digital transformation of the rural economy. The main reasons why specialists do not want to find a job in rural areas are: low wages and unsatisfactory working conditions, lack of comfortable housing, insufficiently developed social infrastructure, etc. During research it has been established that the main measures for securing personnel in agriculture are currently becoming economic, in particular material and moral incentives. In turn of this it makes necessary to create a unifi ed monitoring and prediction system based on taking into account the needs of the economy for employees of a certain professional qualification composition, indicating the required level of training for each profession. The analysis of regional programs and measures for securing specialists, which are currently off ered in scientifi c publications, allowed us to conclude that ensuring the infl ux of specialists and young personnel into agriculture is possible by establishing conditions of rural life, improving on a systematic integrated basis the program of their targeted training in agricultural universities, motivating modern youth to work in rural areas due to the current the lack of prestige of agricultural professions and the status of rural lifestyle in general, etc.

Assessment of the level of professional burnout of employees of SBHI «Regional narcological hospital

The article investigates and analyzes the level and manifestations of professional burnout among medical workers of the Regional Narcological Hospital of Penza and the influence of the level of personal anxiety in the formation of symptoms of professional burnout. Target. To determine the presence of professional burnout among employees of the Regional Narcological Hospital in Penza. Results. In the course of the research work, the symptoms of the burnout syndrome from the position of the general adaptation syndrome of G. Selye were identified, the stage of professional burnout was determined, the state of reduced performance was assessed, satisfaction or dissatisfaction with work was determined, the presence or absence of symptoms of depression was revealed, the level of situational and personal anxiety was assessed, the severity of alexithymia. Conclusion. The largest number of people with severe professional burnout, the presence of severe depressive symptoms, was found in the department of ONNP, which may be due to unsatisfactory working conditions, as well as an increased level of responsibility and complexity of work.

Comunicação interprofissional e participação do usuário na Estratégia Saúde da Família

Abstract This study deals with collaborative competencies to strengthen teamwork and interprofessional collaboration in Primary Health Care services, supported by the framework of the health work process, interprofessional work and competencies. Its objective is to understand the conceptions and experiences of professionals from the Family Health Strategy teams regarding the core collaborative competencies: interprofessional communication and patient-centered care. This is an exploratory and interpretative qualitative study. A secondary database was used, with 34 interviews conducted with professionals from the teams of three health units located in two municipalities. Thematic content analysis was adopted, with support by the WebQDA software. The findings show the professionals’ understanding of collaborative competencies as complementary and as impossible to being treated independently. Interprofessional communication is recognized as a focus on meeting the user’s health needs, limited by unsatisfactory working conditions. Patient-centered care appears weak, since the sense of user participation prevails as a transfer of responsibility for their care to professionals and in a minority way, as sharing the construction of the care plan.

He problem of youth unemployment in Ukraine

Unemployment refers to acute macroeconomic problems. Since unemployment is not a new problem, but in wartime among young people, it acquires a special importance among socio-economic relations, and therefore acquires special relevance in our time. In today's conditions, the youth of our country who have graduated from educational institutions are increasingly faced with unemployment and feel redundant in the labor market. Insufficient number of vacant jobs, lack of work in a specialty, high competitiveness on the labor market, lack of state guarantees regarding employment, unsatisfactory working conditions offered to young people by employers, graduation from an educational institution does not provide any guarantees of employment in a specialty, all this leads to the uncertainty of youth in its future and requires immediate solutions.
 Young people in Ukraine make up the majority of the working population, have more education, creativity, the ability to learn new things, master new professions and are the engine of the country's socio-economic development. Therefore, the state faces the task of regulating the youth segment of the labor market, ensuring employment guarantees, helping small and medium-sized businesses, improving internship conditions for students of professional and higher educational institutions, motivating and preparing young specialists for modern labor market conditions.
 The article analyzes the essence of such a phenomenon as unemployment. The main factors of the occurrence of this phenomenon are determined, the importance of youth in the socio-economic development of the country is characterized. Statistical data from the State Employment Service are presented, the state of unemployment in Ukraine and its consequences are analyzed. Proposals are made to solve the problem of unemployment in the labor market among young people and increase the level of employment in the state.

우리나라 자영업자의 진입에 관한 탐색적 연구

The purpose of this study is to investigate the motivation and path of self-employment for self-employed who participated in the SME education program of OO Bank-N. In this study, in-depth interview data were used to conduct research on entry of self-employment according to the labor market and labor experience of self-employed and subjects suitable for the purpose of the study were selected and analyzed using theoretical sampling methods. The results of the study are as follows. First, the motivation for entering self-employment to realize unsatisfactory working conditions and dreams for their own business, to choose self-employment as an alternative to employment, and to recommend and help family and acquaintances start their own businesses. Second, it was analyzed that the type of entry of self-employement was ① self-empl oyment after wage worker experience ② self- employment using their experience after wage worker experience ③ self-employment after retirement ④ self-employment in the family business succession process.

Precarity and the pandemic: an inquiry into the impact of Covid19 on the working lives of non-permanent educators in post-compulsory education in Ireland

ABSTRACT The paper analyses how educators employed on non-permanent contracts in the non-compulsory education sector in Ireland have fared during the Covid 19 pandemic. These employees were starting from a low base in relation to the terms and conditions of their employment when their places of work dramatically pivoted online in March 2020. We argue the impacts of the pandemic were disproportionate, with people reporting such things as increased workloads, exclusion from HR update communications and little supports in creating workspaces in their homes. In this sense, we foreground how participants’ places of work often assumed that all employees, precarious and permanent, had the same level of access to resources.Furthermore, given the gendered nature of caring responsibilities and the high proportion of women respondents in the research, we highlight the extent to which the pandemic increased caring responsibilities and impacted on female participants’ capacity to work. Overall, we demonstrate how the Covid 19 pandemic hasn’t, in itself, created unsatisfactory working conditions, rather, it has both exposed and accentuated existing shortfalls and further proved, if such proof was needed, that short-term actions compound the many problems with precarity in post-compulsory education work.

Labor market and youth employment in Ukraine in the context of European integration development

The article is devoted to one of the current problems of the modern labor market – youth employment. It is noted that today the main causes of youth unemployment are the mismatch of the volume and areas of vocational training to the needs of the economy and labor market, insufficient quality of training, unsatisfactory working conditions offered by young employers in specific jobs. All this requires immediate systemic transformations, both economic and social. Because youth is a component of the labor force, additional potential that may soon have a significant impact on improving the economic and social condition of the community and the revival of national and spiritual heritage of the Ukrainian people. Young people have a significant advantage over other age groups of the working population, as they have a longer working capacity, better physical health and endurance, a high level of education, greater professional and migratory mobility. It is concluded that in modern conditions it is necessary to intensify the process of supporting business initiatives of young people, to encourage them to actively seek work and get a profession that is in demand in the labor market; develop and implement projects aimed at financing active measures to promote youth employment; conduct research to determine the specialties, professional skills and qualifications that graduates must have; include mandatory student internships in educational programs; to develop a mechanism for promoting part- time work among young men and women in their free time and the organization of experimental enterprises in universities and vocational schools; introduce a program of “job guarantees for young people”, which would provide that no later than, for example, three months after graduation, everyone should get a job; organize meetings with employers and former unemployed who have successfully found a job or started their own business.

Emerging Dynamics in Tourism Industry Workforce Mobility in Southern Cross River State, Nigeria

The challenge of brain drain/workforce mobility/out-migration in tourism and hospitality industry workforce is a rising phenomenon. The study investigated the factors responsible for the emerging dynamics in tourism industry workforce mobility in Southern Cross River, Nigeria. Data was generated through the administration of structured questionnaire and oral interviews on the staff and workforce of tourism industry. The results revealed that on aggregate, a total of 63.50% workers had intentions to migrate from their job while 36.50% workers had no intention to migrate from their current job. Further findings revealed that low remuneration, unfavourable working hours, stress, lack of career prospects, lack of job security, unsatisfactory working conditions, health risk, and challenge of job matching were among the reasons for job out-migration among the industry workforce. The study recommended that both public and private sectors should create enabling tourism work-environment for retention of tourism employees.
 
 Received: 14 August 2021 / Accepted: 2 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

Occupational morbidity in the main industries in the context of the COVID-19 conavirus pandemic

Preserving and strengthening the health of the working population is one of the priority tasks of health care in the Russian Federation, including in the Samara region. Up to 39.7% of the country's population works under conditions that do not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements. Unsatisfactory working conditions are the main reason for the development of occupational diseases among the working population in the Samara region. The workers of medical institutions registered 42 acute occupational diseases with permanent disability, including 13 acute occupational diseases with fatal outcomes from the biological factor "new coronavirus infection caused by the COVID-19 virus."

Current state and trends of occupational incidence in the Samara region

At present, the preservation and strengthening of the health of the working population is one of the priority tasks of health care in the Russian Federation, including in the Samara region. Up to 39.7 % of the country's working-age population work in conditions that do not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements. Unsatisfactory working conditions are the main reason for the development of occupational diseases among the working population in the Samara region. 42 acute occupational diseases with permanent disability, including 13 acute occupational diseases with fatal outcomes from the biological factor «novel coronavirus infection caused by the COVID-19 virus», are registered in the workers of medical institutions. In the Samara region, there is a low detection rate of occupational diseases revealed in the course of preventive medical examinations — 43.08 %, this figure remains below the national average — 59.31 %.

Large-scale agricultural investments in Eastern Africa: consequences for small-scale farmers and the environment

ABSTRACT Available empirical evidence about the impacts of large-scale agricultural investments (LAIs) in low-income countries is skewed towards the assessment of economic benefits. How LAIs affect land use and the environment is less understood. This study assesses how small-scale farmers living close to an LAI perceive the changes LAI's inflict on land use, land management, and tree cover in Kenya, Mozambique, and Madagascar. It also investigates their perceptions regarding LAI's impacts on the general environment and people's health, as well as on employment opportunities, infrastructure, and conflicts. 271 small-scale farmers were interviewed and their perceptions supported by a remote-sensing-based analysis of land use and land cover changes. Results show that LAIs contributed both directly and indirectly to deforestation in Mozambique, triggered changes in small-scale farmers’ agricultural land management in Kenya, and caused pastoralists to lose access to grazing land in Madagascar. Despite some benefits from employment opportunities and infrastructure improvement, the majority of respondents perceived the overall impacts of LAIs as negative, highlighting reduced access to land and water, pollution, health issues, and unsatisfactory working conditions. We urgently need to invest in devising concrete transformative options to improve LAIs’ contribution to sustainable development in their host countries.

General practitioners' experiences during the Covid-19 epidemic in the Bouches-du-Rhône department: Anxiety, impact on practice and doctor-patient relationship

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has strongly affected France and has put a strain on its health professionals. As documented by literature, health professionals are at higher risk than the general population regarding their mental welfare. The study's objective was to measure the anxiety levels and its determinants of general practitioners of a French department during the first COVID-19 pandemic containment.Materials and MethodsA survey through a self-completion questionnaire was sent to 250 general practitioners of the Bouches-du-Rhône department. Their anxiety state was measured using the Spielberg validated questionnaire the STAI-Y. Their experience, work organizations, and doctor/patient relationship were measured by ad hoc items developed during a focus group of five general practitioners.ResultsOf the 60 general practitioners included in the survey, nearly 40% had high to very high levels of anxiety. The determinants of this anxiety were the female gender, the unsatisfactory working conditions, the constrains required to work reorganization (consultations and waiting room), and the worry of not being able to respond to the fears and questions of patients, thus a lower decision latitude in their work.ConclusionThis survey documented the levels of general practitioners’ anxiety, as well as the determinants of this anxiety. Physicians offered a unanimous opinion of their general feeling of "disorganization and loneliness". General practitioners have demonstrated great adaptability and flexibility despite the difficulties, which has caused them major anxiety. This pandemic's resultant experiences can help better understand the vulnerability of caregivers to mental anguish/stress in order to strengthen primary prevention strategies.

МОТИВАЦІЙНА СКЛАДОВА РОЗВИТКУ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ЗАКЛАДІВ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ'Я

Introduction. The success of any organization depends on the level of its organizational culture. Healthcare institutions are no exception, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Organizational culture is influenced by many factors, but one of the most important components in the development of organizational culture is the staff motivation. The purpose of the research is to analyze the relationship between the level of staff motivation and organizational culture of healthcare institutions. Results. Healthcare institutions in Ukraine have specific features in the structure of their staff. The formation of staff is regulated at the legislative level. It was found out that the studied healthcare institutions have different structure by category, age and work experience. It is proved that the development of organizational culture depends on the level of staff motivation. The level of staff motivation in some healthcare institutions in Kharkiv has been determined. Based on the proposed approach, the level of staff motivation can be high, sufficient and low. Providing survey, the main motivators and demotivators in the work of the staff are formed. It was outlined that the main motivator is material reward. It includes salaries, regular bonuses, gifts, etc. The intangible aspects of motivation consist of good working conditions, the presence of a social package, a normal work / home ratio, respect and trust in the team, gratitude and fairness of the leader. Among the demotivators, unsatisfactory wages, unsatisfactory working conditions and a negative climate in the team were noted. For developing the organizational culture, healthcare institution should improve the motivation system based on the main motivators and by eliminating the negative influence of the demotivators. Conclusions. Many factors influence the development of the organizational culture of healthcare institutions. Among them, staff motivation plays a significant role. Motivational measures should be based on certain motivators and demotivators of the staff of a particular healthcare institution. Keywords: motivation, development of organizational culture, motivators, demotivators, level of motivation, healthcare institution.

АНАЛІЗ СУЧАСНОГО РИНКУ ПРАЦІ В УКРАЇНІ: РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ АСПЕКТИ

The labor market is an important object of social and general economic policy of the state, it is there that the mechanism is implemented to ensure the coordination of prices and working conditions between employers and employees. Market performance affects important socio-economic problems and therefore require special attention from the state. Of particular relevance is the study of the labor market in today's transformational economy and under the influence of a pandemic, when changing the needs of employers and working conditions, the growing threat of mass unemployment. The prospects for the development of the labor market of Ukraine remain a debatable issue in the modern period, which necessitates a comprehensive study of the state of this market in the context of globalization and the general economic crisis. According to researchers, the modern period is characterized by instability, forced decline in economic activity and inconsistency with the market of educational services. The situation is considered to be a crisis and one that produces: labor poverty, expansion of forced labor without decent pay, stratification of the population into socially vulnerable groups, inconsistency with the market of educational services and reduced quality of labor potential and motivation for productive activity. The article deals with the research of the labor market by modern Ukrainian scientists. On the basis of statistical data, a study of demographic indicators and the state of the labor market in Ukraine in general and by region was carried out. The factors that have the greatest negative impact on the effective functioning of the market and meeting the needs of Ukrainian citizens for work have been identified. Disproportional shifts in the number and economic activity of the working-age population by region have been revealed. It is noted that the main negative factors of influence are the low level of wages; insufficient compliance of the training system; high unemployment (supply significantly exceeds demand); unsatisfactory working conditions; lack of opportunities for re-profiling, especially in older people.

Условия труда на предприятиях в годы Великой Отечественной войны (на материалах Владимирского края)

The analysis of employment conditions of workers at the enterprises of Vladimir region during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) has been presented in the article. Employment conditions in which the workers on home front existed have been considered not only as an act of bravery but as the problem of efficient enterprise functioning in the years of war as well. Predominance of the state and social interests over the interests of individual employee has been paid attention too. The materials of the party funds of Vladimir region city committees stored in the State Archives of the Vladimir Region (GAVO) has become the source base of the article. In addition, the memoirs of workers on home front about their personal experience during the hard times of war are significant sources. The study identifies the most important and frequent difficulties which took place at the enterprises of the region under consideration. The author highlights the poor adherence to safety standards, unsatisfactory working conditions in the shops (low temperatures, lack of amenities, unsanitary conditions, lack of overalls and footwear) as the problems faced by workers of factories. In addition, there was an irrational use of existing employees, inadequate nutrition, conflicts between individual employees and their immediate superiors. The latter often led to the execution of cases against workers for violations of labor discipline in accordance with the decrees of June 26, 1940 and December 26, 1941. As a result of the analysis of wartime documents the author comes to the conclusion that a number of problems that workers of factories of the studied region faced with during the war years were constantly unresolved. Despite the ongoing war human conflicts have not disappeared, the clarification of which for some administrators was more important than the successful functioning of the area of work entrusted to them. This resulted in cases of illegal persecution of workers for alleged violations of labor discipline, which did not increase the authority of the enterprise administration.

DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTIMIZATION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF TRACTION ROLLING STOCK MANAGEMENT

Among the main causes of human operator errors are the following: unsatisfactory training or low level of qualification; non-compliance with the prescribed operating procedures; unsatisfactory working conditions associated with such negative phenomena as excessive noise, vibration, temperature fluctuations in the driver's cab (especially on locomotives); lack of attractive incentives to achieve the optimal level of quality of work. The choice of the criterion of optimal control can be ambiguous. The source of complexity is the inconsistency of goals. If you want to optimize one of the parameters in compliance with the restrictive requirements for other parameters, then a partial criterion is formed. In the presence of several optimality criteria, the additive criterion is chosen when the absolute values of the criteria are significant for the selected parameter vector. If a significant role is played by changes in absolute values of partial criteria in the variation of the vector of variables, then apply the multiplicative criterion of optimality. If the task is to achieve equality of normalized values of conflicting partial criteria, then the optimal design is performed by the minimum criterion.

Emotional burnout in medical workers during the work in extreme conditions

Medical staff is exposed to a complex of adverse occupational factors of physical, chemical, and biological nature, high severity and intensity of the labor process. Unsatisfactory working conditions are associated with health risks for medical personnel and can lead to occupational and work-related diseases. The most often occupational diseases detected in medical staff are infectious ones. In the context of the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the probability of infection of the medical personnel themselves with possible damage to organs and body systems with a subsequent disability is high. The article pays considerable attention to the high level of neuro-emotional stress, the problem of burnout, accompanying the work of medical personnel, especially in extreme conditions, which include epidemics and pandemics, in particular the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of burnout syndrome (BS) among medical personnel in many countries has reached crisis proportions, exceeding the level of any other occupational group. Despite a significant number of studies related to the study of BS in medical personnel, there are still difficulties with its diagnosis, primarily associated with the subjectivity of the methods used; there is little scientific evidence about the clinical manifestations of BS, its symptoms. The study of the phenomenon of emotional burnout, its prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation is relevant in connection with the direct relationship of BS not only to maintaining the health, mental stability, and professional longevity of specialists involved in long-term interpersonal communication but also to the preservation of the patients’ health. It is necessary to discuss making additions to the list of occupational diseases and to the list of harmful and dangerous industrial factors and works in which preliminary and periodic medical examinations are carried out, concerning medical staff whose working conditions are associated with the high nervous and emotional stress, in particular during work in extreme conditions.