Unpleasant Odor Research Articles

Indonesian Tourist Satisfaction towards GWK Cultural Park Using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) as a Tool to Determine Improvement Priorities

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 This research aims to identify the level of satisfaction of Indonesian tourists, the tourism product attributes that need improvement, and the loyalty of Indonesian tourists towards the tourism products at GWK Cultural Park. This research employs a quantitative method with 100 samples collected through accidental sampling. Primary data collection is conducted through questionnaires, field observations, and documentation. The analysis methods used in this research are the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). The research findings indicate that the satisfaction index of Indonesian tourists stands at 84%, indicating that Indonesian tourists are delighted with the tourism products at GWK Cultural Park. Based on the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) results, the top priorities that the management should implement to enhance the satisfaction of Indonesian tourists are providing tourist attractions that match the price paid, having staff who quickly process entrance tickets, and ensuring that the tourist area is free from unpleasant odors. The level of loyalty among Indonesian tourists in the attitudinal loyalty category is 18%, the behavioral loyalty category is 45%, and the composite loyalty category is 37%. This research demonstrates that tourist attractions that align with the price paid, responsive staff, and an odor-free environment are crucial in enhancing the satisfaction of Indonesian tourists, who have an 82% chance of becoming repeat guests at GWK Cultural Park.
 Keywords: Tourist Satisfaction, Tourist Loyalty, Indonesian Tourists, Tourism Products, Garuda Wisnu Kencana Cultural Park

ВПЛИВ СМІТТЄВИХ ПОЛІГОНІВ НА МІСТОБУДУВАННЯ ТА АРХІТЕКТУРУ ВЕЛИКИХ МІСТ

Today, urban development is rapidly gaining momentum due to economic growth and changing lifestyles, which leads to urban expansion and population growth. This leads to an increase in the amount of solid waste in urban areas. The problem of solid waste management is now one of the most pressing issues on a global scale. Garbage does not leave us at home, at work, on the streets of the city, even during a quiet walk in the park - it accompanies us everywhere. In fact, garbage has become an integral part of our everyday life, and humanity has even learned to coexist with it. However, the problem is far from as simple as it seems at first glance. The root of the problem lies not in the garbage itself, but in the way people treat it. Consider, for example, such disturbing phenomena as "landfills" or "landfills", which are currently the subject of general concern. First, landfills have a negative impact on the environment. They cause soil contamination around the landfill and groundwater pollution, which in turn leads to serious problems with the availability of clean water. In addition, landfills cause air pollution and the spread of unpleasant odors over long distances. Despite the widespread belief that all waste-related problems can be solved through recycling, landfills remain the most common method of waste disposal worldwide. There is also a perception that landfills are a cost-effective way to treat waste. Although this is undoubtedly the most affordable and easiest way to solve the problem. But it is worth remembering that the cost of these savings exceeds the environmental problems that will soon arise. Modern waste and landfill management has a major impact on the architecture and urban planning of large cities. This article explores the urgent problem of improper waste management in the context of urban development. Based on the latest data and research, a thorough analysis of the impact of landfills on the environment, infrastructure, and quality of life of residents of large cities is carried out.

Deodorant fiber to deodorize unpleasant odors and sensory evaluation

Deodorant fiber to deodorize unpleasant odors and sensory evaluation

Removal of the waterborne parasite Cryptosporidium parvum from drinking water using granular activated carbon

Cryptosporidium is a genus of apicomplexan parasites that infect the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. These enteropathogens are commonly detected in surface waters and Cryptosporidium is responsible of numerous waterborne outbreaks in industrialised countries. Filters of granular activated carbon (GAC) are mainly used to eliminate emerging micropollutants or control unpleasant odour and taste in drinking water. Recently, GAC has been also employed for removal of microorganisms from different types of water. This work evaluates the capability of GAC in the elimination of the infective forms of Cryptosporidium parvum (oocysts) from drinking water. For this, well water was spiked with oocysts of C. parvum and passed through a chromatographic column filled with fresh GAC at different bed heights (5–50 cm) and a filtration rate of 100 mL/min, approximately. By immunofluorescence microscopy, the number of oocysts in the water samples was determined. The logarithmic reduction (LR) was calculated by comparing the number of oocysts quantified in the filtered samples and the corresponding influent samples. High efficiencies of GAC in removing C. parvum oocysts from water were obtained. Thus, with a bed height of 35 cm, removal efficiencies > 2 LR were achieved. The highest LR (3.47 ± 0.31) was observed when a GAC bed height of 50 cm was used. Taking into account the results obtained, C. parvum oocysts were eliminated remarkably and, therefore, GAC adsorption filters may be considered additional barriers against this waterborne enteropathogen in drinking water at the household level in developing countries.

Upgrading MSW pyrolysis oil through distillation and hydrotreatment for automobile engine applications: A short review

The demand for fossil fuel in today’s world is increasing at a higher pace with rapid population growth and industrial development. The reserve for petroleum-based fossil fuels is finite which necessitates the search for alternative fuels. Pyrolysis oil obtained from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has drawn the attention of many researchers because of their high heating value and similar fuel properties with commercial automobile fuel and has potential to substitute commercial diesel fuel. Nevertheless, the crude oil obtained from pyrolysis of MSW has some shortcomings such as higher viscosity and density, lower flash point and cetane index, unpleasant odor, and higher sulfur content, preventing its useability as a drop in fuel for automobiles at present. In this short review, distillation and hydrotreatment post treatment procedures, amongst many others, are discussed for improving the properties of pyrolysis crude oil. Focus has been given on waste plastic and waste automobile tire pyrolysis oils as they constitute a significant amount of MSW currently. This review reported that noticeable improvement of the properties (cetane number, flash point, viscosity, and sulphur contents) of crude pyrolysis oil (PPO or TPO) can be achieved through distillation and/or hydrotreatment, which are comparable to the properties of standard diesel.

Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Rawajati Waste Storage Depots, South Jakarta

This research aims to analyze and evaluate plastic waste management policies at the Rawajati Waste Storage Depot, South Jakarta. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the policy manager stated the aim of creating a healthy and clean community environment from plastic waste from the plastic waste management policy at the Rawajati Waste Storage Depot, South Jakarta. The problem with this plastic waste management policy is the need for more public awareness to help manage plastic waste, and many people still need help to throw rubbish carelessly. Standardization of activities in this plastic waste management policy, namely reduce, reuse, and recycle. Officers collect rubbish from the community, then sort out which rubbish can still be used, and there is also rubbish that is then recycled again. Then, the level of change that has occurred in the management of plastic waste at the Rawajati Waste Storage Depot, South Jakarta, has become better, and there has been a high commitment to waste management. The observed changes result from these activities or other causes of waste management in Rawajati Waste Storage Depot, South Jakarta. This change occurs because there is a relationship of internal commitment to plastic waste management. The community feels the management of plastic waste at the Rawajati Waste Storage Depot, South Jakarta, by reducing the sight of piled up rubbish and unpleasant odors and using plastic waste to make other materials or be recycled at the Rajawati waste bank.

Decomposition of individual components of bio-organic waste: volatile organic compounds and the impact on health and psycho-emotional state

The study considers the impact on the person’s health and psycho-emotional state of unpleasant odors arising from the storage and accumulation of bioorganic waste, including food waste (meat, poultry, fruits and vegetables) and bird droppings. The survey data of poultry and livestock farms’ employees in Serbia are given. The impact of unpleasant odors on the Waste sorting complex (Moscow region) employees’ vital signs is assessed. The impact of high-intensity odor groups for individual components of food waste (pork meat, poultry meat, vegetables and fruits) and bird droppings was studied by interviewing volunteers and measuring their vital signs.

The Effectiveness of Zeolite-Activated Charcoal in Reducing Iron and Manganese Levels in Well Water of Milala Housing in Pancur Batu District, North Sumatra

Dug wells are a means of providing clean water that belongs to shallow groundwater and generally contains high levels of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The presence of high levels of iron in water is marked by yellow-brown water color and unpleasant odor. Excess iron can cause poisoning, intestinal damage, premature aging to sudden death, impaired absorption of vitamins and minerals, and hemochromatosis. Based on the observation of the researchers on the condition of the dug well water of the community in Milala Rumah Tengah Block E Simpang Gardu Subdistrict Pancur Batu, it can be seen that the dug well water is very yellow and the community uses it as a source of clean water. The results showed that the iron content of the dug well water in two houses before treatment was >4 mg/l and the manganese content in the first house was 2.60 mg/l and in the second house was 3.02 mg/l. After treatment using activated charcoal zeolite for ten days, the average iron content decreased to 0.08 mg/l (98%) and the average manganese content decreased to 0.26 mg/l (90%)

Defective copper-based metal-organic frameworks for the efficient extraction of organosulfur compounds from garlic-processing wastewater

Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) in garlic-processing wastewater are decomposed and generated to toxic and harmful substances with unpleasant odors under anaerobic conditions. Herein, were report the successful development of novel copper-based metal organic framework (Cu-MOF) adsorbents with high adsorption capacities for OSCs in aqueous media. Defect-rich Cu-MOF-X samples, with particle sizes between 360 and 750 nm, synthesized hydrothermal in the presence of acetic acid (where X denotes the molar ratio of acetic acid relative to the pentadentate MOF linker H4PPYD). OSC adsorption experiments using allicin, ajoene and 2-ethenyl-4H-1,3-dithiine (2-VDT) showed that Cu-MOF-200 delivered fast adsorption kinetics and high OSC adsorption capacities (149.02–171.33 mg g−1) owing to the pore accessibility and range of adsorption sites in the MOF. FT-IR, Raman, and XPS analyses, together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, verified the strong yet reversible adsorption of OSCs in Cu-MOF-200. Results guide the development of improved adsorbents for OSC capture from garlic-processing wastewater.

Технология утилизации органических отходов

Every year, more and more attention is paid to the problems associated with environmental pollution. Among the many harmful substances that enter the environment, organic waste is the main one. In small volumes, they do not pose a great danger to humans, but a constant increase in their number leads to a violation of the natural cycle. Organic waste is the main cause of unpleasant odors at landfills and landfills, their decomposition in anaerobic conditions leads to producing methane, which is a flammable gas. This can lead to the fires at landfills of organic waste, including chlorine-containing ones, which is dangerous to humans. There has been given a hierarchical approach to organizing the organic waste disposal. A technological system for the utilization of organic waste with producing the valuable secondary resources has been proposed.

Investigating the Quality of Life in Adult Patients with Self-reported Halitosis

Halitosis is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant breath odor is present. Most adults suffer from it. It is one of the reasons to refer to dental clinics. Since bad breath makes individuals stressed, recognizing and evaluating its causes to decrease or remove this symptom is of high importance. When bad breath is severe it causes depression, reducing self-confidence, and sociality in individuals. Furthermore, it causes academic failure in children. Thus it can affect individuals’ quality of life. The current study aimed at investigating the quality of life in patients with self-reported halitosis. In this descriptive cross-sectional study the quality of life in patients with self-reported halitosis was investigated using the HALT-18 questionnaire. 189 patients referred to the dental clinic of Golestan University of Medical Sciences aged 15 and above with self-reported halitosis were selected via convenience sampling. Participants were investigated using a questionnaire. Data were entered in STATA version 14 and were analyzed via descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, and frequency), analysis of variance, and independent T-test. The level of significance was set at P=0/05. The overall average quality of life in patients was 38/65 ± 10/23, 38/77±10/49 for women, and 38/9±45/84 for men. There was not a significant relation between the quality of life and age, occupation, and education. The score of the quality of life in patients is average. Since it has some negative effects on daily life, and social and individual relationships, recognition and therapeutic interventions should be done to improve patients’ quality of life.

Kaili Red sour soup: Correlations in composition/microbial metabolism and flavor profile during post-fermentation

Flavor and chemical changes with microbial succession during Red-Sour-Soup (RSS) post-fermentation were urgent to be revealed for quality control. RSS post-fermentation could be divided into three stages according to acidity, nutrients exhausting and total colony counts, without coliform bacteria growth nor nitrite peak was observed. Lactobacillus acetotolerans induced over 50 % increase of lactic acid, finally conducing to the lactic acid-dominated sour taste of RSS. The volatile compounds totally increased by 25.70 % in chili sauce and 32.58 % in tomato sauce (p < 0.05). In early-/middle-stage (pH > 3.5), alcohols and short-chain fatty acids increased, and butyric acid with unpleasant odor became the maximum flavor contributor. Nevertheless, in late-stage (pH < 3.5), with the reduction of alcohols and fatty acids, esters, 2-nonanone and terpenoids with pleasant flavors increased by Clavispora lusitaniae, Pichia, Cladosporium delicatulum and Rozellomycota sp.. In conclusion, the post-fermentation, especially L. acetotolerans metabolism and aciduric fungal esterification were essential for RSS characteristic flavor formation.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Eco-Enzyme dari Sampah Buah dan Sayur di Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Kota Bandar Lampung

Organic waste is still a problem that needs to be resolved. Piles of organic waste can cause the emergence of methane gas (CH4), giving rise to an unpleasant odor and can even potentially cause disease. The aim of this community service is to provide understanding, knowledge and skills to the community regarding how to utilize household organic waste in the form of fruit and vegetable waste into eco-enzymes by fermentation. eco-enzyme is a multi-purpose liquid that can be used to purify waste water, as a household cleaning product, as a detergent, as a pest control product, to remove pesticide residues, and also as an organic fertilizer for plants. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) where the service team is integrated into the community and works with the community to increase the knowledge and abilities of the people who are members of the Women Farming Group (KWT) in understanding and changing the community to become better, more empowered and knowledgeable. The results of this activity were able to increase the understanding, knowledge and skills of Women Farmer Groups in 4 Districts of Bandar Lampung city both conceptually and practically, and have the awareness not to just throw away organic waste, but to use it because it not only protects the environment but also provides benefits to the community. This activity was considered successful and sustainable for future programs.&#x0D;

Design of Filtration System for Aerated Sewage Water

The study investigated the potential of sand and activated charcoal filtration systems to enhance water quality for irrigation by treating aerated sewage effluent from. Setup involved a 60 cm deep sand filter connected as the inlet to another 30 cm deep sand filter and this filter linked as the inlet to a 30 cm deep charcoal filter. These filters were operated in series at hydraulic loading rates (HLR) of 60 m/h and 10 m/h. Notably, operating the filters in series at an HLR of 10 m/h yielded superior effluent water quality compared to an HLR of 60 m/h. System achieved significant removal efficiencies for turbidity, BOD5, COD, Total Nitrogen (Total-N), Total Phosphorous (Total-P) with 71.9%, 54.4%, 71.9%, 44.4%, 39.1%, and 42.9% with a 90 cm deep sand filter at an HLR of 10 m/h, and also with a combination of sand and charcoal filters at an HLR of 25 m/h system achieved 81.6%, 80.3%, 63.5%, 47.5%, and 64.3% respectively. We also examined the chemical characteristics of both untreated and treated sewage water samples, revealing a hierarchy of cation and anion prevalence as follows: Na+ &gt; Ca2+ &gt; Mg2+ &gt; K+ for cations, and Cl- &gt; HCO3- &gt; SO42- &gt; CO32- for anions. Our study demonstrates that the combination of aeration and sand filtration effectively ensures safety by preventing water body pollution and unpleasant odours with high-quality treated wastewater suitable for sustainable agricultural use.

A Thorough Investigation of the Microbiological, Physicochemical, and Sensory Properties of Ewe's Yoghurt Fermented by a Selected Multi-Strain Starter Culture.

This work was carried out with the aim to investigate the microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory properties of an innovative yoghurt produced from ewe's milk. Experimental yoghurt productions were performed with a commercial freeze-dried starter preparation and a natural milk starter culture (NMSC) of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii. The two yoghurts did not differ for colour parameters, showing an average value of lightness, redness, and yellowness of 94.99, -3.74, and 9.37, respectively. The yoghurt produced using the NMSC as a fermenting agent was characterised by a significantly lower fat percentage and a higher antioxidant potential than commercial starters. Microbiological analysis confirmed the safety of the final product and a level of living lactic acid bacteria of 108 CFU/g. Sensory analysis revealed some differences among yoghurts regarding unpleasant odour, homogeneity, and persistence in the mouth, but the yoghurt processed with NMSC was more appreciated. Thus, the production of ewe's yoghurt fermented by a selected multi-strain starter culture represents an interesting strategy to enlarge the functional ovine dairy product portfolio.

Biological activity and phytochemistry of Dracaena angolensis Welw. ex Carrière

Dracaena angolensis Welw. ex Carriere also known as Sansevieria cylindrica from the Genus Dracaena, is a decorative plant due to its unique shape. Beside its ornamental value, it is recognized for its ability to eliminate unpleasant odours and absorb air pollutants. In various African and Asian countries, the plant’s leaves and roots have been widely used as traditional medicine to treat an assortment of ailments, including coughs, diarrhoea, hemorrhoids, chickenpox, rheumatism, gynaecological problems, as well as an antiseptic, snake bites, wound healing and refreshing beverage. Previous research showed that leaves and rhizomes of D. angolensis contain bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, cardenolides, polyphenols, steroids and abamagenin. Therefore, this review aims to provide information on the D. angolensis plant in terms of its distribution, taxonomy, phytochemical content and pharmacological potential. It presents the use of D. angolensis as traditional medicine in various regions as a candidate for natural medicine and identifies the opportunities for its development. Based on pharmacological literature, the plant has the potential as an antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and antitoxic agent. However, the literature on its antioxidant and anticancer potential is more extensive than its antibacterial and antitoxic properties. Further research on the pharmacological potential of this plant is necessary and its safety parameters need to be research in greater detail.

Health status assessment of people adjacent to temporary waste disposal sites in Khulna city, Bangladesh

Despite rapid population growth, urbanization, and economic development in Bangladesh, there is a lack of evidence to measure the impact of dumpsites on human health and the environment. This study sought to assess the health impact of temporary disposal sites in Khulna city on residents living nearby. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire surveys surrounding the dumpsite areas. Altogether 180 households were surveyed by random sampling approach from >50 m (close to the dumpsites, CD) and 50–300 m radius (away from the dumpsites, AD) of the dumpsite. The participants were mostly employed with low income (<US$185.54 per month) and living more than 10 years in the community. This study found that the main concern for residents in both communities was the odor emanating from the dumpsites, with 74% of respondents identifying this as their primary concern. Approximately 18% of respondents claimed that the smoke from burning waste had the most severe impact on their health. The most common health problems reported by participants were dysentery, diarrhea, pulmonary diseases, asthma, and allergies. Diarrhea was reported by most of the respondents in both communities, such as 32.1% in the CD community and 22.8% in the AD community. Whereas chest-related illness (16.98%) and asthma (11.32%) were reported more frequently in the CD community. Participants living close to the dumpsites were found to be statistically significant victims of health problems, water pollution and unpleasant odor. However, the results did not show a significant effect of proximity to the dumpsite on causing waterborne and airborne diseases among those with higher incomes and better employment. This study suggests conducting a more comprehensive investigation in the study area to unravel the specific impacts of dumpsites on human health. The city corporation authority should follow sustainable municipal solid waste management practices and consider green energy production from waste using cutting-edge technologies.

42242 Biodiversity of feet microbiome in patients with pitted keratolysis: correlation with pitted score and unpleasant odor severity

42242 Biodiversity of feet microbiome in patients with pitted keratolysis: correlation with pitted score and unpleasant odor severity

Effects of desensitization on odors varying in concentration and pleasantness

AbstractBackgroundDesensitization in response to repetitive odorous stimulations is a common and well‐investigated process, but it has been a matter of discussion in which way this process relates to odor valence. Our goal was to investigate changes of intensity and pleasantness induced by desensitization in odors in relation to their valence and concentration.Materials and MethodsUsing air‐dilution olfactometry, 30 normosmic participants received two pleasant (phenylethylalcohol [PEA], mixture of pleasant odorants [mix‐P]) and two unpleasant odors (hydrogen sulfide [H2S], mixture of unpleasant odorants [mix‐NP]). At the baseline (before desensitization), four different concentrations of each odor were presented randomly for 0.2 s, with 40 s inter‐stimulus interval. During the desensitization procedure, the odor used was presented continuously for 15 s. Following an odor‐free interval of 4 s the same odor was presented again, in the post‐desensitization phase. Odor intensity and pleasantness were rated after presenting each stimulus in pre and post desensitization phases.ResultsAt baseline, Mix‐P was rated as pleasant and H2S was rated as unpleasant, as expected, while PEA and mix‐NP were rated as slightly pleasant or neutral, respectively. For intensity, desensitization was found for all odors regardless of hedonic tone, with the effect being more pronounced with PEA and mix‐NP at lower concentrations. A decrease of pleasantness/unpleasantness (“affective habituation”) was present for the two lower concentrations of the pleasant mixture, while hedonic ratings of the unpleasant odors remained largely unchanged.ConclusionsThese results suggest that, in this model, desensitization in intensity between pleasant and unpleasant odors was similar and affective habituation only occurred for the most pleasant odor.Practical ApplicationsOur study unraveled the link between odor desensitization and valence considering the concentration effect, where the intensity was decreased for the relatively “neutral” odors and pleasantness was habituated only for the pleasant odor. These results help to explain individual differences in the effects of olfactory loss and provide a promising perspective for personalized treatment for olfactory loss in clinics, for instance, fast adaptation and parosmia.

Oral microbiome as a co-mediator of halitosis and periodontitis: a narrative review.

Halitosis or oral malodor is an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity. However, although patients with periodontitis often complain of halitosis, their relationship has not been fully elucidated. We reviewed previous literature based on the hypothesis that the relationship between halitosis and periodontitis is mediated by the oral microbiome. This narrative review sought to provide insight into the causative role of the oral microbiome in influencing halitosis and periodontitis. In addition, we tried to deepen knowledge related to the relationship between halitosis and periodontitis generated by the oral microbiome accumulated over the past 40 years. From 1984 to 2023, a total of 106 papers that carefully and scientifically dealt with halitosis and periodontitis were included in this narrative review. Based on previous results, halitosis and periodontitis were closely related. For decades, researchers have taken an intriguing approach to the question of whether there is a relationship between halitosis and periodontitis. Central factors in the relationship between halitosis and periodontitis include volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), the oral microbiota that produce VSCs, and the inflammatory response. Taken together, the more severe periodontitis, the higher the level of VSC in halitosis, which may be mediated by oral microbiome. However, the relationship between the occurrence, maintenance, and exacerbation of periodontitis and halitosis is not a necessary and sufficient condition for each other because they are complex interplay even in one individual.