Unlimited Time Research Articles

Development and Evaluation of a Tethered Class C3 Hexacopter in Maritime Conditions on the Helipad of a Ferry

Various unmanned aerial vechicle (UAV) applications, especially those based on reconnaissance and observation missions, often require an unlimited time of flight. This is possible only when a UAV is continuously supplied with power from a ground-based power source, which is why tethered UAV systems were developed. Tethered UAV systems are based on multicopters, which can hover above a landing pad or track its position if it is movable. The presented research concerned the development of a large C3 class hexacopter with a maximal payload of about 1 kg and a takeoff mass of 16 kg, which was tested in maritime conditions during a ferry’s cruise. The main purpose of the hexacopter was to continuously observe the area ahead of the vessel to detect and localize obstacles in the water. During the experimental tests, critical phases of flight were identified, the AC/DC power supply unit and power cord unwinder were tested, and the power required by six brushless direct current (BLDC) motors was registered. The obtained results could be useful in future work on tethered UAV systems applied in windy maritime conditions.

Design and transient analysis of a compact and long-term-operable passive residual heat removal system

Nuclear marine propulsion has been emerging as a next generation carbon-free power source, for which proper passive residual heat removal systems (PRHRSs) are needed for long-term safety. In particular, the characteristics of unlimited operation time and compact design are crucial in maritime applications due to the difficulties of safety aids and limited space. Accordingly, a compact and long-term-operable PRHRS has been proposed with the key design concept of using both air cooling and seawater cooling in tandem. To confirm its feasibility, this study conducted system design and a transient analysis in an accident scenario. Design results indicate that seawater cooling can considerably reduce the overall system size, and thus the compact and long-term-operable PRHRS can be realized. Regarding the transient analysis, the Multi-dimensional Analysis of Reactor Safety (MARS-KS) code was used to analyze the system behavior under a station blackout condition. Results show that the proposed design can satisfy the design requirements with a sufficient margin: the coolant temperature reached the safe shutdown condition within 36 h, and the maximum cooling rate did not exceed 40 °C/h. Lastly, it was assessed that both air cooling and seawater cooling are necessary for achieving long-term operation and compact design.

A neuroanatomy lab practical exam format in alignment with the universal design for learning framework.

The traditional format for neuroanatomy lab practical exams involves stations with a time limit for each station and inability to revisit stations. Timed exams have been associated with anxiety, which can lead to poor performance. In alignment with the universal design for learning (UDL), Timed Image Question and Untimed Image Question exam formats were designed to determine which format supports student success, especially for those who performed poorly in the traditional format. Only the Untimed Image Question format allowed students to revisit questions. All three formats were administered in a randomized order within a course for three cohorts of medical students. When all students' scores were analyzed together, the type of format had no effect. However, when analyses were conducted only on students who performed poorly in the traditional format, the type of format had an effect. These students increased their score, on average, by at least one grade level in the Untimed Image Question format compared to the traditional format. Students who performed well in the traditional format maintained their A, on average, in the two new formats. More students indicated Untimed Image Question as their most preferred format after experiencing all three formats. Most students associated the inability to revisit questions with high levels of anxiety. A neuroanatomy lab exam format was therefore identified as consistent with the UDL framework such that all students, regardless of test anxiety levels, can equally demonstrate what they learned. This format allowed for unlimited time per question and ability to revisit questions.

The Effect of Time Pressure on Criminal Decision-Making

The article analyzes the effect of time pressure on the decision to commit a crime based on a dual-process approach. An experiment was conducted with the participation of 67 at least once convicted adult men. All participants examined fraud scenarios with limited and unlimited time conditions for their evaluation and decided on the consent or refusal of the actor in the vignette to commit the crime. Although the decision that the actor in the situation will commit a crime prevailed regardless of the experimental conditions, the results of this study confirm that time pressure has a significant effect on information processing. Time pressure is associated with the predominance of Type 1 (automatic, intuitive) processes and suppression of Type 2 (rational, analytical) processes, while a longer time is associated with the activation of Type 2 processes and the assessment of the long-term perspective.

Design and performance of a slender soft continuum manipulator for tall structure inspection

PurposeThe current methods for inspecting tall or deep structures such as towers, chimneys, silos, and wells suffer from certain constraints. Manual and assisted inspection methods including humans, drones, wall climbing robots, and others are either costly, have a limited operation time, or affected by field conditions, such as temperature and radiation. This study aims to overcome the presented challenges through a teleoperated soft continuum manipulator capable of inspecting tall or deep structures with high resolution, an unlimited operation time and the ability to use different arms of the manipulator for different environments and structure sizes.Design/methodology/approachThe teleoperated manipulator uses one rotary and two tendon actuators to reach and inspect the interior of a tall (or deep) structure. A sliding part along the manipulator’s body (arm constrainer and tendon router) induces a variable-length bending segment, allowing an inspection camera to be placed at different distances from the desired location.FindingsThe experiments confirmed the manipulator’s ability to inspect different locations in the structure’s interior. The manipulator also demonstrated a submillimeter motion resolution vertically and a 2.5 mm per step horizontally. The inspection time of the full structure was 48.53 min in the step-by-step mode and was calculated to be 4.23 min in the continuous mode.Originality/valueThe presented manipulator offers several design novelties: the arm’s thin-wide cross-section, the variable-length bending segment in a fixed-length body, the external rolling tendon routing and the ability to easily replace the arm with another of different material or dimensions to suite different structures and environments.

The Impact of the Hamlet Land Pawn Agreement on the Economic Level of Indigenous Peoples in Negeri Piliana, Maluku Tengah Regency

This study aims to identify and analyze the hamlet land pawn agreement practice and its impact on the economic level of indigenous peoples in Negeri Piliana, Central Maluku Regency. The method used is sociological juridical research which emphasizes research aimed at obtaining legal knowledge empirically by going directly to the object. The chosen research location was Negeri Piliana, Tehoru District, Central Maluku Regency. The research was conducted using primary and secondary data. The sample selection method used a purposive sampling method. The results of this study indicate that the pawn sales transaction practice in Negeri Piliana, Tehoru District, Central Maluku Regency, has a different concept from the concept according to customary law in general. The pawn sales practice, in this case, is an agreement to give a hamlet (land that has been planted with certain long-lived crops such as coconut, cloves, nutmeg or cocoa) to obtain an amount of money with a mutually agreed repayment period as long as the pawn giver can cover the amount owed along with interest. So that if it is not agreed upon, it can cause the pawn giver as the owner to lose access to the pawned object for an unlimited time, which can impact the economic level of the surrounding community.

Head and body cues guide eye movements and facilitate target search in real-world videos.

Static gaze cues presented in central vision result in observer shifts of covert attention and eye movements, and benefits in perceptual performance in the detection of simple targets. Less is known about how dynamic gazer behaviors with head and body motion influence search eye movements and performance in perceptual tasks in real-world scenes. Participants searched for a target person (yes/no task, 50% presence), whereas watching videos of one to three gazers looking at a designated person (50% valid gaze cue, looking at the target). To assess the contributions of different body parts, we digitally erase parts of the gazers in the videos to create three different body parts/whole conditions for gazers: floating heads (only head movements), headless bodies (only lower body movements), and the baseline condition with intact head and body. We show that valid dynamic gaze cues guided participants' eye movements (up to 3 fixations) closer to the target, speeded the time to foveate the target, reduced fixations to the gazers, and improved target detection. The effect of gaze cues in guiding eye movements to the search target was the smallest when the gazer's head was removed from the videos. To assess the inherent information about gaze goal location for each body parts/whole condition, we collected perceptual judgments estimating gaze goals by a separate group of observers with unlimited time. Observers' perceptual judgments showed larger estimate errors when the gazer's head was removed. This suggests that the reduced eye movement guidance from lower body cueing is related to observers' difficulty extracting gaze information without the presence of the head. Together, the study extends previous work by evaluating the impact of dynamic gazer behaviors on search with videos of real-world cluttered scenes.

Real-time Fourier-domain optical vector oscilloscope

To meet the constant demands of high-capacity telecommunications infrastructure, data rates beyond 1 terabit per second per wavelength channel and optical multiplexing are widely applied. However, these features pose challenges for existing data acquisition and optical performance monitoring techniques because of bandwidth limitation and signal synchronization. We designed an approach that would address these limitations by optically converting the frequency limit to an unlimited time axis and combining this with a chirped coherent detection to innovatively obtain the full-field spectrum. With this approach, we demonstrated a real-time Fourier-domain optical vector oscilloscope, with a 3.4-terahertz bandwidth and a 280-femtosecond temporal resolution over a 520-picosecond record length. In addition to on-off keying and binary phase-shift keying signals (128 gigabits per second), quadrature phase-shift keying wavelength division-multiplexed signals (4 × 160 gigabits per second) are simultaneously observed. Moreover, we successfully demonstrate some high-precision measurements, which indicate them as a promising scientific and industrial tool in high-speed optical communication and ultrafast optical measurement.

A narrative review of peripheral blood parameters for urothelial carcinoma treated with systemic antitumor drugs.

The prognosis of advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) is poor. To date, the gold standard of treatment for patients with aUC has been cisplatin-based chemotherapy. More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely used for such patients, which has led to an improvement in their prognosis. In clinical practice, predicting the effectiveness of antitumor drugs or the prognosis of patients is important for making decisions on treatment strategies. Various parameters obtained from blood tests in the pre-ICI era have been adopted for patients in the ICI era. In this review, we summarize the parameters reflecting the status of aUC patients treated with ICIs based on current evidence. We conducted a literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar. The publications chosen were all peer-reviewed journals published over an unlimited time period. Numerous inflammatory or nutritional parameters can be obtained from routine blood tests. These reflect malnutrition or systemic inflammation in patients with cancer. As in the pre-ICI era, these parameters are useful for predicting the effectiveness of ICIs and the prognosis of patients treated with ICIs. Various parameters are related to systemic inflammation and malnutrition, and are easily obtained from a routine blood test. Using these parameters from various studies as reference points is useful in making decisions on treatment for aUC.

Carboxymethylchitosan with medium-molecular-weight affects kinectics and acrosome of stallion sperm after freezing/thawing

Semen cryopreservation ensures the storage of stallion genetics for an unlimited time. The improvement of extenders with new antioxidant substances can optimize the properties of post-thawed semen. The study aimed to investigate the addition effect of medium-molecular-weight carboxymethylchitosan (CQm) derivates to freezing diluent of stallion sperm after freezinf/thawing. Twice a week, five ejaculates of four stallions were obtained, totalizing 20 ejaculates. Semen was diluted in commercial freezing extender (Botucrio) supplemented with CQm: control (0), 0.75, 1.5, and 3 mg/mL. Samples were filled in straws (0.5 mL) and submitted to freezing and storage at -196°C. Thawing was performed at 37°C/30 s, and the samples of each group were analyzed for kinetics, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome membrane integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential . The addition of 1.5 and 3 mg/mL CQm showed lower values (P < .05) of total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP) and wobble (WOB), comparing to control group. Besides, it was observed lower (P < .05) percentages of sperm with intact acrosomes in the group treated with 3 mg/mL of CQm than control group. In conclusion, high concentration of medium-molecular-weight carboxymethylchitosan to freezing diluent damages kinematic and acrosome of stallion sperm after freezing/thawing.

Developmental and regional dependence of macromolecular proton fraction and fractional anisotropy in fixed brain tissue.

An important advantage of imaging fixed tissue is a gain in signal-to-noise ratio and in resolution due to unlimited scan time. However, the fidelity of quantitative MRI parameters in fixed brain tissue, particularly in developmental settings, requires validation. Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) and fractional anisotropy (FA) indices are quantitative markers of myelination and axonal integrity relevant to preclinical and clinical research. The goal of this study was to assert the correspondence of MR-derived markers of brain development MPF and FA between in vivo and fixed tissue measures. MPF and FA were compared in several white and gray matter structures of the normal mouse brain at 2, 4, and 12 weeks of age. At each developmental stage, in vivo imaging was performed, followed by paraformaldehyde fixation and a second imaging session. MPF maps were acquired from three source images (magnetization transfer weighted, proton density weighted, and T1 weighted), and FA was obtained from diffusion tensor imaging. The MPF and FA values, measured in the cortex, striatum, and major fiber tracts, were compared before and after fixation using Bland-Altman plots, regression analysis, and analysis of variance. MPF values of the fixed tissue were consistently greater than those from in vivo measurements. Importantly, this bias varied significantly with brain region and the developmental stage of the tissue. At the same time, FA values were preserved after fixation, across tissue types and developmental stages. The results of this study suggest that MPF and FA in fixed brain tissue can be used as a proxy for in vivo measurements, but additional considerations should be made to correct for the bias in MPF.

The effects of time duration and bilingualism/trilingualism on second-language production

AbstractThis investigation explored the effects of time duration and bilingualism/trilingualism on speakers' language production. A word-naming task was conducted under three conditions—700 ms, 1,000 ms, and unlimited time. The results showed that the participants incurred fewer errors and successfully corrected errors at 1,000 ms and unlimited time; the bilingual/trilingual advantage was identified in error self-repairs at 1,000 ms; and trilinguals were more strategic in correcting errors than monolinguals and bilinguals. This suggests that unlimited time did not ensure higher accuracy in lexical production and efficient error correction, and that 1,000 ms was the optimal timeframe for processing single monosyllabic Chinese characters.

Implementasi Media Pembelajaran Quizizz sebagai Penilaian Harian Teks Persuasi pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pecangaan

Along with the development of science and technology is very influential in one's life. In the world of education, learning technology has a positive impact, including students being given the flexibility to access information sources from social media. In addition, along with the development of technology that is happening as it is today. Educators are expected to be able to provide fun learning by providing learning media that suit the needs of students, educators can also utilize applications such as power point, YouTube, or other e-learning as learning media. The goal is to create a fun interactive learning atmosphere, using Quizizz can also increase interest and motivation in learning and make it easier for educators to give quizzes or material to students. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods, related to data collection, researchers use several techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The results obtained by students are also mostly above the KKM, so this Quizizz learning media is very suitable to be used as practice questions which are carried out not only in face-to-face learning, but online learning can also be done. Because, with the unlimited space and time given which requires that work be done at that time it also makes it very flexible and efficient because it does not require paper and writing instruments so that the collection is in accordance with the needs and agreements that have been made between students and educators.

Model-based reconstruction of whole organ growth dynamics reveals invariant patterns in leaf morphogenesis.

Plant organ morphogenesis spans several orders of magnitude in time and space. Because of limitations in live-imaging, analysing whole organ growth from initiation to mature stages typically rely on static data sampled from different timepoints and individuals. We introduce a new model-based strategy for dating organs and for reconstructing morphogenetic trajectories over unlimited time windows based on static data. Using this approach, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana leaves are initiated at regular 1-day intervals. Despite contrasted adult morphologies, leaves of different ranks exhibited shared growth dynamics, with linear gradations of growth parameters according to leaf rank. At the sub-organ scale, successive serrations from same or different leaves also followed shared growth dynamics, suggesting that global and local leaf growth patterns are decoupled. Analysing mutants leaves with altered morphology highlighted the decorrelation between adult shapes and morphogenetic trajectories, thus stressing the benefits of our approach in identifying determinants and critical timepoints during organ morphogenesis.

Guidance, Navigation, and Control of AUVs for Permanent Underwater Optical Networks

Ocean exploration is in its infancy with more than 80% of the oceans still unexplored. Contrary to space exploration, electromagnetic waves have seldom been used underwater because of their heavy absorption by seawater. In this article, we present guidance, navigation, and control systems to steer autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) such that a permanent optical network can be set up between the deep sea and the surface. The challenge is to guarantee that there is consistently a path through the AUV network to relay the signal for an unlimited time despite the finite battery's lifetime of the AUVs. To achieve this, the guidance system combines a decentralized model predictive control (D-MPC) with graph theory to compute the trajectory of each agent relaying the optical signal as well as of redundant agents forming local leader–follower formations with each relay acting as leader of its own subfleet. The D-MPC solves a constrained optimization problem where the communication and collision avoidance constraints are formulated to enable two successive leaders and one of their followers to remain within optical range and thus allowing to immediately re-route the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ad hoc</i> network if a leader fails to relay the signal. Its combination with graph theory allows to change the dynamic topology of the swarm, with additional agents diving from a charging station, such that the network can relay the optical signal for an unlimited time.

POTRET PELAKSANAAN SUHBAT USTÂDZ DAN TÛLUZ ZAMÂN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DARING

The pandemic has affected various aspects of life, including the field of education by implementing online learning. Limited time and communication between teachers and students in the learning process provide different conditions. This is inversely to the terms proposed by Imam Shafi'i for seeking knowledge. He said there are 6 terms, namely Dzaka’, Hirsh, Ijtihad, Bulghah, Suhbat Ustadz and Tūluz Zaman. The purpose of this paper is to present the concept of Suhbat Ustadz and Tūluz Zaman in online learning at UPB. This paper conveys a quantitative approach with a descriptive qualitative method. Data obtained from the results of a survey from students and teachers. The results show that the concept of Suhbat Ustadz can be seen from the use of teleconference media and other communicative media. While the concept of tūluz zaman can be seen from the unlimited learning time or the availability of time outside of lecture hours.

Is more always better? How preparation time and re-recording opportunities impact fairness, anxiety, impression management, and performance in asynchronous video interviews

ABSTRACT The present study examined how variations in the design of asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) impact important interviewee attitudes, behaviours, and outcomes, including perceived fairness, anxiety, impression management, and interview performance. Using a 2 × 2 experimental design, we investigated the impact of two common and important design elements on these outcomes: (a) preparation time (unlimited versus limited) and (b) the ability to re-record responses. Using a sample of 175 participants completing a mock AVI, we found that whereas providing such options (i.e., unlimited preparation time and/or re-recording) did not impact outcomes directly, the extent to which participants actually used these options did affect outcomes. For instance, those who used more re-recording attempts performed better in the interview and engaged in less deceptive impression management. Moreover, those who used more preparation time performed better in the interview while engaging in slightly less honest impression management. These findings point to the importance of investigating the effects of AVI design on applicant experiences and outcomes. Specifically, AVI design elements produce opportunities for applicants not typically present in synchronous interviews, and can alter interview processes in crucial ways. Finally, not all applicants use these opportunities equally, and this has implications for understanding interview behaviour and outcomes.

Cyber Notary Kepastian Hukum Penyimpanan Dokumen Notaris

Over time the conventional system will shift and be replaced with an electronic system, and the Notary Institution will slowly have to begin to adjust, especially in the UUJN-P the changes regarding cyber notary are only stated in the explanation of Article 15 Paragraph (3) and only to the extent that the authority to certify transactions electronically has not yet reached the concept of notary protocol storage thinking which is very possible to be carried out electronically with the aim of security and the effectiveness of notary protocol storage. This study aims to: 1) Describe the legal arrangements regarding Cyber Notary; 2) legal certainty of the retention of notarial documents with cyber notary. This study uses a library research method with a normative research approach with qualitative analysis, which describes various arrangements regarding Cyber Notary and legal certainty of notarial document storage. The finding is that the new UUJN-P regulates transactions carried out electronically, but there is no provision on the storage of original minuta deeds and warkah electronically. However, cyber notary The ITE Law in general has regulated the electronic storage of archives or documents although there are no specific rules that list or mention notarial documents or archives. Article 1 number 4 of the ITE Law Amendment states that: "an electronic document is any electronic information created, forwarded, transmitted, received, or stored in analog, digital, electromagnetic, optical, or similar form, which can be seen, displayed, and/or heard through a Computer or Electronic System, including but not limited to writings, sounds, images, maps, designs, photographs or their descriptions, letters, signs, numbers, Access Codes, symbols or perforations that have meaning or meaning or can be understood by a person capable of understanding them. So that various types of electronic documents become an option for more secure document storage for an unlimited time as a concrete form of digitization that can be a reference for electronic storage of notary protocols. Whatever form of storage media must be ensured is data security and legal certainty.

Atrial fibrillation can be diagnosed using a combined wrist-worn photoplethysmography and electrocardiography

Abstract Background Current ESC Clinical Practice Guideline for management of atrial fibrillation requires a minimum of 30-seconds of atrial fibrillation (AF) to be visually confirmed from an electrocardiography (ECG) recording for diagnosis. Single-channel ECG recorded from any measurement lead is sufficient. The current method of 24–48 h Holter ECG may not detect rarely occurring AF episodes, and thus extended duration recording devices are needed. Intermittent portable ECG devices intended for clinical use exist but those lack continuous rhythm monitoring and are thus unable to notify the user in case of asymptomatic episode. Purpose We evaluated the performance of a wrist-worn solution (Fig. 1) intended for clinical use that combines continuous photoplethysmography (PPG) -based rhythm assessment with intermittent ECG measurements in the detection of atrial fibrillation in ambulatory conditions. Methods 30 adult patients with previous diagnosis of AF were recruited for 48-hour measurements. Simultaneous 5-lead Holter monitoring was used as the reference. The patients were taking intermittent ECG measurements at pre-scheduled times (4 times a day), when notified by the device (irregular rhythm detected by PPG), and if feeling symptoms of AF. Results The obtained sensitivity and specificity for PPG-based AF detection were 95.5% and 99.2%, respectively when evaluated in 5-minute segments. Only the segments during which adequate amount, approximately 30-seconds, of good quality PPG data was available, were considered in the analysis. On average this equals 54% of the segments. Patients took in total 456 30-second ECG measurements. Out of these 411 and 392 were assessed as analysable quality by ECG algorithm and visually by two cardiologists, HS and KK, respectively. Automatic ECG analysis algorithm labelled ECG measurements taken during atrial fibrillation correctly as “Possible arrhythmia” with 95.7% sensitivity and 92.0% specificity. 99.5% of the analysable quality ECGs measured during AF were marked with any type of label e.g., tachycardia that highlights them to the clinician. An example ECG measurement with markings of the analysis algorithm an overall classification is shown in Fig. 2. All patients having AF during the 48-hour monitoring (14/30) were correctly identified based on the wrist device data. Conclusion Based on the obtained results, wrist-worn device combining continuous PPG and intermittent ECG measurements can be reliably used in detecting atrial fibrillation in ambulatory conditions. The user-friendliness and unobtrusiveness of wrist-worn technology enables virtually unlimited monitoring time thus facilitating the detection of rarely occurring AF episodes. The information of continuous rhythm monitoring can also be used for the estimation of AF burden. The solution used in the study has received medical device CE certification in early 2022. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): The study was funded by PulseOn company.

Neuropsychological profile of executive functions in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a comparative group study in adults

As assessed by numerous neuropsychological tasks, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) have similar impairments related to executive functions (EFs). The neuropsychological profile of these two conditions was examined using the three-component EFs’ framework of Miyake and Friedman (Cogn Psychol 41(1):49-100, 2000). This approach assesses Inhibition (suppression of unwanted and irrelevant information/responses), Updating (use and control of contents of working memory), and Shifting (disengagement between activities or mental tasks) using nine different tasks. In line with previous research, we expected greater performance deficits in ASD in all three components compared to SSD, as well as faster responses for the SSD group. A self-paced task format allowed us to examine whether unlimited time given for a task would lead to better performance. The sample was constituted by the control group (N = 25), ASD group (N = 24), and SSD group (N = 12). Groups did not differ on Inhibition performance. In Updating, individuals with SSD performed poorer than the other groups. As for Shifting, both groups demonstrated poorer performance compared to controls, with the SSD group presenting the greatest difficulties. In terms of reaction time (RT), SSD participants’ RT were the slowest on Inhibition and Shifting tasks. There was a positive correlation between performance and time spent on Inhibition and Shifting only for the SSD group, which demonstrates that their performance improves when there are no time constraints. Our work provides a better understanding of spared and impaired EFs, which could be useful for designing strategies aimed at improving specific EFs in each group.