University Students In Nigeria Research Articles

Vergence findings and horizontal vergence dysfunction among first year university students in Benin City, Nigeria

PurposeThe study was designed to determine the prevalence of vergence dysfunctions among first year university students in Nigeria and to document the measures that define the vergence system of the visual system. MethodsA cross-sectional study of first year students of the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, who presented for the mandatory eye examination as part of their medical examinations required for clearance was conducted. A battery of tests that defines the vergence system including near and far phoria, positive and negative fusional vergence amplitudes at far and near, near point of convergence (NPC) and AC/A ratio were measured using conventional clinical protocols. ResultsThe prevalence of vergence dysfunction among 212 first year university students who satisfied the inclusion criteria and gave consent to participate was 12.7%, with convergence insufficiency being the most common vergence dysfunction. Blurred vision, headache and diplopia were the most frequently reported visual symptoms. ConclusionThere is a considerable prevalence of previously undiagnosed vergence dysfunctions in this population of students. The study underscored the need to carry out a thorough binocular vision assessment as part of the battery of tests administered to newly admitted students in this community to forestall any adverse effect the presence of vergence dysfunctions might have on the academic activity of university students.

Survey of Education, Engineering, and Information Technology Students Knowledge of Green Computing in Nigerian University

The use of computer system is growing rapidly and there is growing concern on the environmental hazard associated with its use. Thus, the need for every user’s to possess the knowledge of using computer in an environmental friendly manner. This study therefore, investigated the knowledge of green computing possessed by university students in Nigeria. To achieve this, survey method was employed to carry out the study. The study involved students from three schools (Computer Science, Engineering, and Education). Purposive sampling method was used to draw three hundred (300) respondents that volunteer to answer the questionnaire administered for gathering the data of the study. The instrument used was adapted but modify and subjected to pilot testing to ascertain its validity and internal consistency. The reliability of the instrument showed a .75 Cronbach alpha level. The first research question was answer with descriptive statistic (perecentage). T-test and ANOVA was used to answer question two and three. The findings showed that the students do not possess adequate knowledge on conscious use of computing system. Also, the study showed that there is no significant difference in the green computing knowledge possesses among male and female as well as among student from the three schools. Based on these findings, the study suggested among other an aggressive campaign on green computing among university communities.

University students' sexual orientation, contraception and toxic skin bleaching products.

Sexual orientation tends to be a taboo subject especially on the African continent where the topic is perceived by many as part of cultural affront by neo-colonial interests. In this issue of African Health Sciences, we bring you very interesting work by Nigerian authors who took on this subject by the horns and studied sexual orientation among African University students.1 What we now see is that sexual orientation is a real issue that cannot be swept under the carpet, nor can we bury our heads in the sand and become the proverbial ostrich. The authors set out to determine the pattern of sexual orientation and relationship between sexual orientation and quality of life among University students in Nigeria. They found that 0.1% of the students self identified as gay/lesbian. Almost 12% reported varying degrees of attraction to the opposite gender. Those who self identified as gay/lesbian had a lower average score on all domains of the WHO QOL BREF. You need to read details of their seminal paper. Contraception: Keeping with our reproductive health theme among university students, we bring you an interesting study by South African and Thai researchers on 'contraceptive non-use and associated factors among University students in 22 countries.'2 They aimed to investigate contraceptive non-use and associated factors (socio-demographics, sexual behaviour, internal assets and mental health) among undergraduate University students in 22 countries. They found that ‘41.9% reported to have been sexually active in the past 12 months. Of those who had been sexually active, 42.6% reported never (42.7% among male and 42.6% among female students) using contraceptives in the past 12 months.’ Some factors associated with non contraceptive use included: ‘young age, religious affiliation, intrinsic religiosity, and sexually protective behaviour were associated with contraceptive non-use.’ Lack of internal assets (among men, low life satisfaction and lack of personal control, and among women low personal mastery) were also associated with contraceptive non-use. They conclude that ‘Low contraceptive use was found and the several factors identified as associated with contraceptive non-use may help guide intervention efforts.’ Toxic skin bleaching products. Finally we selected the issue of skin bleaching because it belongs in the realm of sexuality and self esteem. Swedish and Norwegian workers bring us a very interesting paper on this subject which is often viewed as part of the neo colonial affront on the culture of African population.3 The authors were interested to know if ‘such products are used in Sweden in particular by pregnant women, and furthermore to explore immigrant women's view on skin bleaching.’ They found that skin bleaching products were used by 2.6% of pregnant women, significantlly more by women born in non-European countries. Motivating factors were associated with the concept of beauty together with social and economic advantages. The women had low awareness of the potential health risks of the products. They conclude: ‘Regulations on the trade of skin bleaching products have not effectively reduced the availability of the products in Sweden nor the popularity of skin bleaching.’

Challenges of Entrepreneurial Education in Nigerian Universities: Towards a Repositioning for Impact

Entrepreneurial education course were introduced into the undergraduate curriculum of University students in Nigeria in 2006. The focus was to equip graduates with requisite skills for entrepreneurial success after school. The overarching objective of the program was to reduce youths unemployment; especially among school leavers, in Nigeria. Over the years, while graduates unemployment has not abated, there is a growing national discontentment on the socio-economic relevance of the course in Nigeria education. This inability to meet its introduction objectives has led to many uncoordinated revisions and changes in the pedagogical structure of the curricula over the years. To reposition entrepreneurial education for impact, there is a need to critically and comprehensively review implementation challenges as reported over time. The study adopted a review methodology approach of extant literatures and publications in the last decade. The theoretical underpinning of the methodology is based on structural functionalism in order to achieve a holistic system diagnosis. The internal challenges that bother on funding, relevance and harmonization of curricula were found to be more invasive than the external policy-related challenges. It is recommended that the internal and external factors need a redress to refocus and reposition Entrepreneurial Education for impact in the country. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2016.v6n1p208

The Moderating Effect of Social Environment on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurial Intentions of Female Students at Nigerian Universities

The objective of this study was to examine the moderating effect of social environment on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate female students of Nigerian Universities. Female students were chosen because they are more susceptible to social pressures.One of the hypotheses was to test whether social environment moderates the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on entrepreneurial intentions. A quantitative research method (survey) was used to solicit responses from 120 final year undergraduate female students of three University Business Schools in the North, East and West regions of Nigeria.This method was used because Universities in Nigeria offer similar courses and the respondents, according to previous studies in other contexts, show a higher propensity to firm formation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression. The results indicated that entrepreneurial orientation (self-efficacy and education) had significant positive influence on entrepreneurial intention among female business students in Nigeria. It was also found that social environment (friends’ agreement) moderated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (education) and entrepreneurial intentions among the students.Again, the study contributed to the scant literature on entrepreneurial intentions among people in developing countries especially Nigeria. Therefore, the government should focus on ways to encourage entrepreneurship awareness among university students in Nigeria to enhance entrepreneurial intentions and self-employment. The study was limited to female students. Future studies could compare the entrepreneurial intentions of male and female students.

The Development and Validation of Vignette-Type Instrument for Measuring Attitude Toward Poverty

This paper has its focus on describing processes involved in the development of a measuring instrument for attitude toward poverty. Infrequent studies in the area of the attitude of young people towards poverty especially in the development of measuring instruments capable of capturing attitude toward poverty in this part of the world occasioned the study. Participants were 200 undergraduate students (133 females and 67 males) randomly selected in a private university in Nigeria. The ages of the participants ranged from 15 to 24 years, with mean age of 17.9 years. A scale tagged- Attitude towards Poverty (ATP) was used to generate data. It has a pool of five vignette-type clusters with four items each generated through a rigorous review of literature. When the data was subjected to a factor analysis, five factors emerged from the vignettes with significant factor loadings ranging from .302 to .888 and communalities ranging from .603 to .848. The ATP showed a Cronbach Alpha of 0.919 and an intrinsic validity of 0.959. The split-half reliability of 0.868 for part A and 0.854 for part B were also obtained for the ATP. The factor analysis indicated that the ATP is a reliable vignette-type instrument for measuring positive or negative attitude toward poverty among undergraduate university students in Nigeria. It was concluded that studies should intensely focus on the attitude of young people toward poverty with the aim of correcting negative attitudes, if any, and encouraging positive attitudes.

Self Reported Symptoms of Anxiety Associated with Coffee Consumption among University Students in Nigeria

This paper examined the psycho physiological effects of coffee consumption on anxiety as reported by University students. The relationship between coffee consumption and anxiety was also explored. It was hypothesized that heavy caffeine users would report significantly higher anxiety and more psychophysical symptoms of caffenism more than non-users. A sample size of 447-university students made up of 239 males and 208 females within ages 16-36 years (M = 22.7; SD = 2.92) participated in the study. All respondents completed an adapted version of STAI forms Y-1 and Y-2 which measures state-trait anxiety. Analysis of data revealed significant difference between coffee users and non-users on state anxiety. The quantity and frequency of daily coffee consumption were found to be related to the symptoms exhibited on state anxiety. There was no significant sex difference on the frequency and quantity of coffee consumption but a significant age difference in favour of younger respondents was recorded on frequency of coffee consumption. Various symptoms reported by the respondents confirmed the stimulating properties of caffeine. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n15p464

The Roles of State and Trait Anxieties on Severity and Frequency of Asthma Attacks Among University Students in Nigeria

The study examined the roles of individual’s state and trait anxieties on the severity and frequency of asthma attacks among students of Madonna University Okija Nigeria. Fifty participants (30 males and 20 females) were used for the study. They were already diagnosed asthma patients that consented to be studied. Their mean age was 23.60 and SD age was 3.45. State –Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) developed by Spielberger (1983) was used in assessing the anxiety states, an Objective Rating Scale was used to determine the frequency and severity of asthma attacks. Multiple analysis of variance, regression analysis, chi-square and person correlation statistics was all used in data analysis. The result showed significant differences on the number of asthmatics with trait anxiety and those without. Conversely, significant interaction effect of state and trait anxiety on number of asthma attacks F(1,50)= 3.89 at p< 0.05 level of testing.

The Determinants of Sexual Risk Behavior for HIV/AIDS among University Students in Ilishan, Nigeria

Aims: HIV in sub-Saharan Africa is closely linked to the sexual behavior of the population. The knowledge of the impact of socio- demographic and an increasing religious movement, on risk behavior for HIV/AIDS among University students in Nigeria and the rest of the sub-Saharan Africa is uncertain and even contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of socio-demographic and religious factors in determining risk behavior for HIV/AIDS among University students in Ilishan, Nigeria. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study of 1225 university students selected by probability sampling method. Data were collected using an expert validated questionnaire. Data were collected on dependent variables i.e. being sexually active, having multiple sexual partners and inconsistent condom use, and the independent variables that included demographic, social and religious factors.

Effects of SMS Texting on the Writing Skills of University Students in Nigeria: Case of the College of Education Akamkpa

Journal of Anthropology and Archaeology is a peer-reviewed international journal, which publishes original papers promoting theoretical, methodological and empirical developments in the discipline of socio-cultural anthropology.

Awareness, acceptability, and use of female condoms among university students in Nigeria: implications for STI/HIV prevention

Most university students in Nigeria are sexually active and engage in high risk sexual behaviors. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and use of female condoms in the context of HIV prevention in order to provide basic information that can stimulate female condom programming to promote sexually transmitted infection and HIV prevention among youths in tertiary institutions. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among 810 undergraduate students of the University of Port Harcourt from October to November 2011, using a stratified sampling method and self-administered questionnaires. Most of the students, 589 (72.7%) were sexually active; 352 (59.7%) reported having just one sexual partner, while 237 (40.3%) had multiple partners. The mean number of sexual partners in the past six months was 2.2 ± 0. Consistent condom use was reported among 388 (79.2%) students, 102 (20.8%) reported occasional usage, while 99 (16.8%) did not use condoms at all. Only 384 (65.2%) of the students had ever been screened for HIV. Although 723 (89.3%) were aware of female condoms, only 64(8.9%) had ever used one due to unavailability, high cost, and difficulty with its insertion. Nevertheless, 389 (53.8%) of the students expressed willingness to use them if offered, while 502 (69.4%) would recommend it to friends/peers. This study highlights significant challenges in the use of female condoms among university students. These include unavailability, high cost, and difficulty with insertion. Therefore, deliberate efforts using social marketing strategies, appropriate youth-friendly publicity, and peer education must be exerted to provide affordable female condoms and promote usage; such efforts should target vulnerable youths in Nigerian tertiary institutions.

Finding the Causal Relationship between Child Abuse and Teenage Pregnancy: Perspectives of the Crawford University Students in Nigeria

Poverty has become a general household problem in every home in Nigeria. It has prompted the occurrences of other social problems like crime, insecurity and abuse, especially the abuse of the minor (Children) in the society. The abuse of the children has become a platform for the problem of teenage pregnancy among the female children in Nigeria. With sampled students (n =180) from a Nigerian Private University, this paper examined the perspectives of the university students on causal relationship between child abuse and teenage pregnancy. The University of our case study was purposively selected, while convenience sampling was used in selecting the students who participated in the study. Frequency distribution and percentage were used as method of data analyses, while chi-square method was used in testing the hypotheses stated in the study. The information and the data gathered from the students through the questionnaire, which was our research instrument, reflected that child abuse and teenage pregnancy were overwhelmingly acknowledged as social problems in Nigeria. The hypotheses tested showed a causal relationship between poverty and teenage pregnancy, child neglect and teenage pregnancy, and child abuse of all forms and teenage pregnancy. The study recommends pro active interventions from the parents, the government, the non-governmental organizations and religious bodies in Nigeria, in curbing the problem of child abuse and teenage pregnancy. The implications of these were discussed in this paper.

Personal Factors As Predictors of Content-Specific Use of the Internet by Ajayi Crowther University Students in Nigeria

The individual interest of the internet users on the content depends solely on some factors that are personal to users. These factors are the suspected drives that determine their choice of internet content. It is in this regard that this study examines the composite and relative contributions of personal factors (age, gender, religious background, socio-economic status and; academic level) to the choice of internet content. The survey method was employed in this study. The subjects of the investigation were drawn from the three faculties of Ajayi Crowther University using stratified sampling. Based on student enrolment in each of the Faculties, 10% (200) of the entire student population (2000) was selected. Purposive sampling was used in selecting 100 students from the Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, 70 students from the Faculty of Natural Sciences and 30 students from Humanities. Data were generated with the Undergraduates Personal Factors and Internet Content Preference Questionnaire (UPFICPQ) which yielded reliability co-efficient of .79 (Cronbach Alpha). Data were analyzed with frequency count, percentage, and regression analysis. Findings of the study show that 79 (40.5%) of the undergraduates use the internet for social networking, 64 (32.8%) use it for news and information while 36 (18.5%) use it for entertainment. While all the considered personal factors accounted for 67% ( R square =.67) of the variation in students’ choice of internet content, it was found that only academic level, religion and socio-economic background of the students made significant contributions to the choice of internet content. Key Words: P ersonal factors, Predictors, Content-specific, Internet

Language of Communication among University Students in Nigeria: A Study on Slangy Expressions in Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria

The aim of this work was to investigate the uniqueness of slang, the creativity therein and its use as a language of communication among the students of Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria. Oral interviews and informal interactions were used to elicit information from 3000 students who gave consent and were randomly selected from a pool of students after the objective of the study was explained. Key Person Interview (KPI) was used to verify/supplement the information obtained from the oral and informal interactions. The results show that the students used different slangy expressions and terms as means of communication. Also, the slang types differed from those used in other institutions and their coinage reflected creativity among students and was sex-dependent with usage more among males than females. The study revealed that slangy expression was used as an effective medium of communication to enhance group identity and solidarity among students of the Federal University of Technology Owerri.

Excessive daytime sleepiness, nocturnal sleep duration and psychopathology among Nigerian university students

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and objectives.&lt;/strong&gt; Short nocturnal sleep duration resulting in sleep debt may be a cause of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Severity of depression (psychopathology) has been found to be directly related to EDS. There is an association between sleep duration and mental health, so there may therefore be an interrelationship between sleep duration, EDS and psychopathology. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence rates of EDS and general psychopathology among university students in Nigeria; determine the range of and mean sleep duration in the students; and determine the extent to which sleep duration and EDS predict general psychopathology in the same group of subjects. Materials and methods. Eight hundred and forty-five students at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were recruited for the study. The subjects were required to provide information on their age, gender and the total amount of sleep per night they usually had. General psychopathology was assessed using the English language version of the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30). They were also evaluated for EDS using the English language version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results.&lt;/strong&gt; Six hundred and thirty-four subjects (75.03% of the participants) provided complete data. The prevalence of EDS was 11.2% and the rate of general psychopathology in the subjects 13.1%. The range of sleep duration was 2 - 9 hours with a mean of 5.1 hours (standard deviation 1.3). On a regression model with the GHQ score as the dependent variable and sleep duration and ESS as the independent variables, the correlation coefficient between EDS, sleep duration and psychopathology (R) was 0.47.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion.&lt;/strong&gt; EDS and psychopathology are common in the student population studied. Nocturnal sleep duration for an average student is far less than that for an average adult. Nocturnal sleep duration and EDS acted as moderate predictors of general psychopathology among Nigerian university students.&lt;/p&gt;

Provider-initiated (Opt-out) HIV testing and counselling in a group of university students in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

ABSTRACTObjectives The Provider Initiated HIV (Opt-out) Testing and Counselling model has rarely been tested in Nigeria. This study assessed its feasibility and uptake among a sample of Nigerian university undergraduate students.Methods Two hundred and fifty-two Nigerian university students were offered rapid ‘opt-out’ HIV tests. The participants were also interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results Two hundred and fifty-one (99.6%) students accepted to be tested and only one (0.4%) refused testing. The commonest reason given for accepting rapid ‘opt-out’ testing was the desire to find out HIV status (93.2%). Only 24 (9.5%) students had previously ever been tested for HIV; among the 228 (90.5%) respondents who had not, the commonest reasons given for not testing were lack of knowledge of where to go to (25%), fear of testing positive (24%), and perception of being unlikely to have been exposed to HIV (18%).Conclusion HIV ‘opt-out’ testing holds the prospect for rapidly increasing the coverage of HIV testing and other preventive interventions among university students in Nigeria. However, waiting time before testing and the poor disposition of medical staff to add on the burden of HIV ‘opt-out’ tests remain potential barriers to its roll-out.

Comparative Study Of The Effect Of Study Technology Mode Of Instruction And Lecture Method On The Academic Performance Of University Students In Nigeria: Implication For Academic Staff Capacity Development.

The lecture method is probably the most prevalent and only method some university lecturers oftenemploy in the training programs leading to the preparation of Nigerian graduates. In recent times thequality of graduates in Nigeria has necessitated a second look at this predominant method ofpreparation. Since the lecture method is predominantly teacher – centered and mostly leaves thelearners as passive participants, only to take notes and probably ask questions after the lecturedelivery if and when time permits, the need has arisen to look for alternative ways of graduates’preparation that will be all inclusive. There is a need for a method that will shift the attention to thelearners, while the lecturers play the role of facilitator of learning. One of the methods that can promotethese all inclusiveness is Study Technology. It is to this end that this study envisages answering thequestion: "what will be the effect of study technology mode of instruction and lecture method on theacademic performance of university students in Nigeria?

Analysis of the Learning Environment of University Students on Nigeria: A Case Study of University of Benin

This study analyzed the state of the learning environment of University students in Nigeria. A guided interview schedule was used to collect data from the principal officers of the University in the library, academic planning division and the Vice Chancellor's office. A similar schedule was used to collect data on twenty students' representatives. Secondary data were collected from the University involved in the study. The result of the analyses showed that the learning environment was very much below standard. Based on the findings, it was recommended that National Universities Commission minimum guidelines should be strictly adhered to in terms of staffing, staff-student ratio and provision of adequate physical facilities.

Self Reported Symptoms associated with Coffee Consumption among University Students in Nigeria

This paper examined the psycho physiological effects of coffee consumption as reported by University students. The relationship between coffee consumption and anxiety was also explored. It was hypothesized that heavy caffeine users would report significantly higher anxiety and more psychophysical symptoms of caffenism more than non-users. A sample size of 447-university students made up of 239 males and 208 females within ages 16-36 years (M = 22.7; SD = 2.92) participated in the study. All respondents completed an adapted version of STAI forms Y-1 and Y-2 which measures state-trait anxiety. Analysis of data revealed significant difference between coffee users and non-users on state anxiety. The quantity and frequency of daily coffee consumption were found to be related to the symptoms exhibited on state anxiety. There was no significant sex difference on the frequency and quantity of coffee consumption but a significant age difference in favour of younger respondent was recorded on frequency of coffee consumption. Various symptoms reported by the respondents confirmed the stimulating properties of caffeine. African Research Review Vol. 2 (2) 2008 pp. 13-33

University Students in Nigeria: Knowledge, Attitude toward Sickle Cell Disease, and Genetic Counseling before Marriage

Sickle cell disease is an inherited debilitating and traumatic disease with severe morbidity and mortality among people of African descent. Children with sickle cell disease have difficulty in coping with school work due to their health conditions. In this cross-sectional survey of University of Ibadan Christian Pentecostal students, a majority of study respondents (63.6%) knew their AA genotype, had a high knowledge level of sickle cell disease, knew the benefits of genetic counseling, and had a positive attitude toward sickle cell disease and genetic counseling. More education about sickle cell disease and access to genetic counseling, especially for students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria and elsewhere in Africa, is recommended.