University Of Lisbon Research Articles

Student Movement in Portugal Throughout the ’60s: Actors’ Representations of a Period of Social and Cultural Experimentation

The Portuguese university student movement was very active during the so-called «long ’60s» (also the final phase of Estado Novo) and took on a major role in the opposition to the regime. While the wide range of events and international mobilizations resulting from a large increment in youth activism was an important source of inspiration to the Portuguese students, it is equally certain that specific elements in the national context contributed to the characteristics that the movement came to assume. Specifically, we are referring to the regime’s authoritarianism and to the intense repression it unleashed, as well as to the resistance to the colonial war. At the same time, the strong moral, cultural, and artistic conservatism of that period is questioned, which led to the development of alternative behaviours and cultural practices, echoing those of the «May 1968» (Bebiano, 2003). The research underlying this work aims to capture the representations constructed by some of the actors who lived this moment of experimentation, who were then young university students; and to reflect on the contribution of these forms of social participation for the construction of a democratic society in the ’70s. In addition to the necessary literature review, we resort to a set of interviews with people who attended the University of Lisbon in the transition from the ’60s to the ’70s. Therefore, we will take as an example the Lisbon university setting.

AS GEOGRAFIAS UNIVERSITÁRIAS PORTUGUESA E BRASILEIRA NAS REVISTAS GEOGRAPHIA E FINISTERRA – 2000-2016 / THE PORTUGUESE AND BRAZILIAN UNIVERSITY GEOGRAPHIES IN THE MAGAZINES GEOGRAPHY AND FINISTERRA - 2000-2016

Este texto apresenta alguns resultados da pesquisa realizada na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro sobre as relações entre as Geografias institucionais brasileira e portuguesa. A ideia central é refletir sobre as características e as tendências da produção geográfica universitária no século XXI no Brasil e em Portugal, tendo como base os artigos publicados em dois importantes periódicos científicos vinculados a duas universidades públicas em ambos os países, a GEOgraphia, da Universidade Federal Fluminense, e a FINISTERRA, da Universidade de Lisboa. Primeiramente são tecidas considerações sobre a história e a estrutura dos periódicos. Em seguida, é apresentada a metodologia de análise empregada e, finalmente, de forma detalhada, são expostos e discutidos os dados levantados a partir do exame, da classificação e da comparação dos artigos publicados nos periódicos geográficos brasileiro e português.

Editorial

Editorial

Conference Report: The Migration Conference 2018, Lisbon, Portugal

This is a brief reflection on the Migration Conference 2018, the sixth event in our conference series, was hosted by the University of Lisbon, Portugal. The Conference brought together nearly 600 international researchers. The Migration Conference series builds upon the earliest conferences held at Regent’s University London and over time has grown to become the largest global gathering of migration scholars. The thematic tracks in the conference covered various aspects of human mobility ranging from identity issues to remittances and migration law. The audience has also enjoyed the keynote speeches by distinguished speakers including Joaquin Arango from Complutense University Madrid and Ruba Salih from SOAS University of London.

The organic metaphor in twentieth-century Lusophone urban geography: cities and their history in the work of Aroldo de Azevedo and Orlando Ribeiro

This article investigates the use of organic metaphors in Lusophone urban geography of the Vidalian paradigm. There is presently a growing body of literature on the use of metaphors in urban studies in the Anglophone academy, yet the use of metaphors in urban studies in other languages seems to be an unexplored matter. To tackle this issue, we examine the work of Aroldo de Azevedo (1910–1974), a Brazilian geographer at the University of São Paulo, and Orlando Ribeiro (1911–1997), a Portuguese geographer at the University of Lisbon. The choice of these authors is based on the high visibility of their work in both Brazilian and Portuguese geography and urban studies, as well as the long-standing dialogue between them. We will show that Aroldo de Azevedo and Orlando Ribeiro mobilised organic metaphors to explain the history and form of the cities founded by the Portuguese, establishing a common language for the Lusophone geography community. We will also discuss how they used organic metaphors to criticise the logics of large scale urban planning, and, more importantly, the perspectives and techniques of spatial science. In a broader sense, this study also shows that considering the use of metaphors provides a novel way of examining scientific controversies beyond ideas of the succession of paradigms.

Analysis of riluzole's profile of use in a Central Hospital in Lisbon.

PurposeRiluzole is indicated to prolong life or delay the institution of mechanical ventilation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Clinical studies have shown that this drug prolongs survival, defined as living patients who are not intubated for mechanical ventilation and without tracheotomy. The purpose of this study is to characterize riluzole’s use as well as the user population in order to contribute to a rational and safe use.Patients and methodsDescriptive, observational, retrospective study describing and characterizing the use of riluzole in ALS patients between July 2006 and December 2016 conducted in a Lisbon’s Central Hospital.ResultsOver the course of the study period, 77 patients with different phenotypes of ALS received riluzole. The majority of patients (63%, n=49) were male. The median survival was 10.1 months, but 12 patients (16%) remained on therapy for more than 3 years; 65% of patients were lost to follow-up. The mean adherence rate was 91.2%, and the median adherence rate was 99.3%. One patient discontinued therapy due to gastrointestinal intolerance. Dyspnea and cough were the most common side effects, with roughly one third of patients experiencing each, followed by asthenia and hepatic effects.ConclusionDespite the extended enrollment period, only 77 patients met the criteria for study inclusion. Nonetheless, statistical data regarding our population is in accordance with reported international data. High adherence rates were observed, but 14% of patients discontinued riluzole. In such cases, assessment by a multidisciplinary team is warranted.

Doctoral Supervision at NOVA Lisbon University: An Overview

This paper intends to present a preliminary study focusing doctoral education in NOVA Lisbon University. This University is less than fifty years old and it is growing, but a slight decrease in the doctoral population was observed in the last years, the completion times are not the ideal and attrition exists. So it is important to know the characteristics of the doctoral population of the University, in terms of profile and main difficulties, envisaging what can be done to promote lower attrition and shorter completion time. Using a national database (RAIDES) and public institutional documents, it was possible to initiate a research that aims at characterizing not only the student population, but also the supervision practices, monitorization and evaluation.

A função retórica Suporte em português

O trabalho que ora se apresenta tem como objetivo investigar as relações estabelecidas por orações e sintagmas iniciados por além de no português. Para tanto, analisa ocorrências de língua falada, extraídas do córpus “Português oral”, organizado pelo Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, em parceria com a Universidade de Toulouse-le-Mirail e a Universidade de Provença-Aix-Marselha, tomando como aparato teórico a Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008).

Validation of Cameriere's medical-legal age estimation method using seconds premolars in a Portuguese population

The goal of this project is to validate the Cameriere's method applied to the upper and lower second premolars in a Portuguese population, regarding the forensic estimate of age.The applied sample consisted in 100 panoramic radiographs, of 60 males and 40 females, patients of the Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Lisbon, whose ages vary between 15 and 35 years old. Thus, a total of 400 teeth were investigated (200 upper second premolars and 200 lower second premolars). Each radiograph was analysed using draw and measurement tools featured in Adobe Photoshop, applying the Cameriere's method, and then the pulp/tooth ratio was computed for the 15, 25, 35 and 45 teeth. All data were statistically analysed with the SPSS program, using a significant level of 5%.It was not observed any kind of relation, linear or not linear, between age and the pulp/tooth ratio. Linear regressions with considerably low values for the coefficient of determination were achieved, which indicates a low reliability for these models.Accordingly, we conclude that the knowledge of the pulp/tooth ratio does not allow the identification of an individual based on the Cameriere's method, in the scope of a forensic age estimate applied to panoramic radiograph. Further investigations with larger samples and broader age groups are required in order to provide suitable evidence to the legal and social aspects of age estimate in Forensic Dentistry.

A integração da tecnologia na planificação de aulas na perspectiva do ensino exploratório: um estudo com futuros professores de matemática

O presente estudo foi realizado no âmbito da formação didática do mestrado em ensino da Matemática para o 3º ciclo do ensino básico e o ensino secundário, da Universidade de Lisboa, com o objetivo de compreender que conhecimentos profissionais os futuros professores apresentam no que diz respeito à integração das tecnologias digitais em aulas, na perspectiva do ensino exploratório. Adotando-se o modelo teórico de Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), procura-se especificamente conhecer o nível de desenvolvimento de TPACK demonstrado pelos futuros professores, nas dimensões do currículo, da aprendizagem e do ensino. A análise de dados incide sobre os planos de aula detalhados que os grupos de futuros professores elaboraram e nas suas justificativas para as opções tomadas, em dois semestres consecutivos do curso. Os resultados evidenciam uma evolução positiva do TPACK dos futuros professores em várias dimensões, tendo este se mostrado mais desenvolvido na dimensão relativa à aprendizagem. No entanto, nas propostas inclusas em seus planos, observa-se que não são suficientemente visadas atividades de pensamento de nível elevado nem é promovida a autonomia do aluno no que diz respeito a sua aprendizagem sobre o uso da tecnologia para resolução das tarefas propostas. Reconhecendo-se que a planificação da integração da tecnologia no ensino da Matemática é uma prática complexa, são requeridas experiências significativas durante a formação inicial, mais próximas à realidade de sala de aula, para que os futuros professores aprendam a usar a tecnologia de modo a transformar o ensino e criar oportunidades para a aprendizagem dos alunos no quadro de uma abordagem exploratória.

An innovative model for environmental interpretation in freshwater ecosystems: the case of a solar-wind cruise through Lake Sanabria (NW Spain)

Ana Maria Antao-Geraldes earned her Ph.D. Biology and Ecology from Lisbon University with emphasis on Limnology. Her research interests are mainly focused on the sustainable management, conservatio...

Commercial Gold(I) and Gold(III) Compounds Supported on Carbon Materials as Greener Catalysts for the Oxidation of Alkanes and Alcohols

AbstractThe front cover artwork for issue 8/2018 stems from a collaboration between the Universities of Porto and Lisbon (Portugal). The image shows two reactions of industrial importance, namely the oxidation of cyclohexane and the oxidation of methyl benzyl alcohol, catalyzed by commercial gold complexes anchored on functionalized carbon nanotubes, in “greener conditions”. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201701886.

Colour identification, degradation processes and findings in a fifteenth-century Book of Hours: the case study of Cofre n.\xba 31 from Mafra National Palace

This paper presents the work done as part of a master dissertation on Conservation and Restoration at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon. The “Cofre n.º 31” is a French fifteenth century Book of Hours from the Library of the National Palace of Mafra, Portugal. This prayer book, composed by illuminations and devotional texts, was in bad condition due mainly to the rebinding done between eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. According to the assessment of the state of conservation, the main damages observed in the text block and binding were: volume distortion, loose and deformed gatherings, distortion and cockling of folios, and damages in the illuminations. The pigments palette was identified by µ-EDXRF, FORS, µ-Raman and µ-FTIR, which is consistent with the materials used in the fifteenth century. Nevertheless, some particular application techniques such as mixtures and overlays were found, namely in the red colours and specifically in the metallic leaves. Some of these colours also show specific degradation: darkening of the mixture of minium and vermillion; silver tarnishing with strong migration into the parchment support, especially when associated with minium; detachment of azurite, lead white and its mixtures, such as flesh tones and light colours. The main deterioration processes associated to silver and pigments can be assigned to their reactions with humidity and air pollutants, to the grain size of the pigments and to mechanical factors related to the book binding and its use. The presence of different pigments application techniques in different groups of folios lead us to conclude for the existence of a pigments palette with variations, and finally, three different illuminators and two different techniques, confirming the proposals of art history studies.

Editorial

This Special Issue on Electrical and Computer Engineering includes selected papers from the 1st edition of the Symposium on Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE 2015), one of the symposia included in the 1st Doctoral Congress in Engineering, held at FEUP, 11-12 June, 2015. ECE 2015 was an important forum for presenting the research activities of ECE students, particularly from the Doctoral Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, at FEUP (PDEEC). ECE 2015 received a total of 42 two-page abstracts. The review process was carried out by members of the Symposium Scientific Committee and other reviewers. Each abstract was reviewed by at least two reviewers, and checked by the Program Committee. 37 abstracts were finally accepted and appear in the Symposium book of abstracts. From the 37 abstracts, 17 were presented in four oral sessions, and 20 in one poster session. We were very pleased to include two keynote talks: “The Internet of Things - Latest Trends and Future Perspectives” by Carlos Azeredo Leme, University of Lisbon, Portugal; “A Perspective on Virtual Radio Access Networks” by Luís M. Correia, University of Lisbon, Portugal. Six papers were invited to submit extended versions to this special issue, that were further reviewed and published in this issue.We would like to sincerely thank the authors for submitting these extended versions, and we thank the special issue reviewers for the careful evaluation and feedback provided to the authors. We also would like to express our gratitude to Luís Miguel Costa, for supporting the organization of this Special issue of the U.Porto Journal of Engineering.Finally, we are very pleased to give the readership of this Special Issue on ECE examples of the research developed by PDEEC students, from a vast area covered by the Electrical and Computer Engineering at FEUP and at the associated research institutes and research centers.

A simple awareness campaign to promote food waste reduction in a University canteen

Food waste has important environmental, social and economic impacts and increasing attention has been given lately to the unparalleled scale of food waste in the food supply chain worldwide. An initiative aiming to reduce food waste was tested at the School of Agriculture canteen (University of Lisbon, Portugal). The “Clean dish, clean conscience!” initiative consisted of a simple and inexpensive education campaign to raise awareness of reducing plate waste, by establishing the connection between food waste and personal behaviour. As a first stage plate waste from canteen users was measured over a 10 day period. After this period, a waste consumption index and per capita waste consumption were calculated to evaluate the level of satisfaction of the consumer and the related concern about food wastage, and was classified as Bad. After this first stage it was concluded that the users did not have strong convictions about avoiding food waste. During the second stage of the project an education campaign was implemented with plate waste being monitored for a further 16 days to assess the effectiveness of the campaign. The approach consisted of displaying simple and affordable informative posters in strategic areas of the canteen with simple messages reminding not to accept food they knew they would not eat. This led to a mean reduction in the waste consumption index of ∼15%. A parallel action encouraging separation of organic and inorganic waste was implemented as well, with an active participation of >70% of the users. The initiative achieved its objective of reducing plate waste by raising awareness of the daily food waste problem at the institution’s canteen and by suggesting “how-to” actions for reducing such waste. This study showed how avoidable waste can be reduced simply by making students aware of the topic of food waste. Simple strategies may be useful to improve behaviours and increase sustainability of the canteens at Universities although this proved to be only efficient with the collaboration of the canteen staff that needs solid education. From the results, a set of measures was presented to the University Social Services for adoption to ensure a permanent reduction of food waste and recyclables in the University canteens.

Teaching Veterinary Parasitology in Portugal in the 21st century – Changes, challenges and opportunities after the Bologna process

Veterinary education in Portugal began in 1830, but individualised teaching of parasitology started in 1911 at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV-ULisboa). Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases were taught in the 3rd and 4th years of the veterinary course, respectively. In 2007/2008, a new curriculum was implemented as a consequence of the Bologna Process (BP), with Parasitology converted into “Parasitology I” (General Parasitology, Arthropods and Protozoology) and “Parasitology II” (Helminthology), being taught in the 1st and 2nd semesters of the 2nd year of the course, respectively. “Parasitic Diseases” became a one-semester subject in the 4th year. BP was intended to harmonise university courses, foster mobility and cooperation among European Universities, but instead there have been major challenges in reducing student contact and an erosion of Parasitology I and II as basic subjects, which were moved to 2nd year. In spite of these changes, the way subjects have been taught since then shows that veterinary students are satisfied with Parasitology; academic success ranges from 70% to 90%; the number of Master and PhD theses in Parasitology has increased; and students share their research results in classes and at conferences in our faculty and abroad. This shows how research and teaching of Veterinary Parasitology are tightly inter-linked and critical, presenting an opportunity to motivate future students to study Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases in such a challenging tertiary education environment in Portugal.

Cell scientist to watch – Susana Godinho

ABSTRACT Susana Godinho graduated with a master's degree in biology from the University of Lisbon, Portugal. She then pursued her PhD with Alvaro Tavares at the Gulbenkian Institute of Science, including a year at the University of Cambridge, UK, in the laboratory of David Glover. In 2006, she joined the laboratory of David Pellman at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, to work on the mechanisms of extra centrosome clustering in cancer cells during mitosis. Susana established her own research group at the Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), in 2013. She was the first lecturer of QMUL to be awarded the Lister Prize (2016). Her group investigates how tumour progression is affected by the presence of extra centrosomes in a cancer cell, and how these cancer cells employ mechanisms to adapt to supernumerary centrosomes.

Feasibility of using risk prompts to prevent falls, dehydration and pulmonary aspiration in nursing homes: a clinical study protocol

BackgroundEvidence has shown a relationship between dehydration, falls, and pulmonary aspiration among older adults in nursing homes, all of which contribute to loss of independence and quality of life. It is believed that improving communication among healthcare professionals in nursing homes (physicians, nurses, rehabilitation team, psychologist, social workers, dieticians and medical assistants) decreases the number of adverse events in institutionalized patients. This study will evaluate the feasibility of using a set of written signs, designed to caution against the risk of falls, dehydration, and pulmonary aspiration, and will enable the proposal of tailored interventions to manage these events in nursing homes.Methods/DesignAll patients from Campus Neurológico Sénior (CNS) nursing home, at risk of falls and/ordysphagia and/or dehydration will be invited to participate in the study. Patients will undertake a screeningrisk assessment and the corresponding risk prompts will be attributed. Study duration will be a minimum ofthree months per participant, including daily record of falls, dehydration and pulmonary aspiration eventsand monthly interview assessments, conducted by a member of the research team. Data of the events that occur will be compared with historical data extracted retrospectively from medical and nursing charts. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Academic Center of Lisbon, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon (Ref. 176/15). All participants will give their written informed consent before entering the study.DiscussionThis study is unique in evaluating the feasibility of a communication system in preventing the three major risks in nursing home. Thoughtful selection and display of proper risk prompts in nursing homes could be an essential step along a path toward efficient communication of risks among healthcare teams. We expect that the displays will be easily applicable given their simplicity, low complexity, and minimal physical requirements.Trial registrationNCT03123601. March 7, 2017. Retrospectively registered.

Different destination, different commuting pattern? Analyzing the influence of the campus location on commuting

There is a vast literature on the relationship between built environment and travel, emphasizing the importance of built environment as a determinant of travel. However, the majority of studies focuses on the characteristics of origins and neglects the influence that the destination might have on travel, despite the already demonstrated importance of destinations to explain travel. In this paper, we test the relationship between residential and workplace built environment and the commuting pattern of staff and students of the University of Lisbon, a multi-campus university. Data was obtained through a dedicated travel survey, containing 1474 georeferenced individuals. Chi-square analyses were developed to analyze differences between staff and students and between different campuses. A logistic regression model was developed to explain car commuting, controlling for socio-demographic data. Two different models were developed for students and staff.
 
 Our results show the built environment and associated multimodal accessibility of the campuses are important explanatory variables of commuting. Free parking at the campus is crucial for car commuting, especially for students. These results emphasize the importance of measuring destinations as explanatory variables and promoting good urban integration of the campus in the city, increasing its multimodal accessibility.

DEPICTING THE INVISIBLE: WELWITSCH'S MAP OF TRAVELLERS IN AFRICA

ABSTRACT This paper addresses a nineteenth century African manuscript map which has hitherto remained ‘invisible’. This manuscript was produced by Friedrich Welwitsch (1806–1872), an Austrian botanist in the service of the Portuguese government, and held by the National Museum of Natural History and Science, University of Lisbon Museums/Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Museus da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal (MUHNAC). This historical document contains names of several travellers, many of them ‘invisible’ explorers, located in different parts of the African continent, depicting the relationships in both a visual and geographical way with notes and relevant historical observations. Welwitsch, as so many contemporary fellow botanists, was in contact with many scientists, exchanging not only correspondence but knowledge and collections. This map is a key document, a true hub of Welwitsch's network of knowledge in which the scientific networks, the types of actors, interactions, methodologies and practices of botany are revealed, providing insights into the botanical exchanges that contributed to the making of Welwitsch's African collections.