University Of Lisbon Research Articles

O mesolítico em Portugal: uma nova visibilidade para os concheiros do rio Sado

Com base na investigação realizada para o projecto de Seminário de Licenciatura em Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, vêm-se aqui apresentar e aprofundar parte dos resultados obtidos para a melhor compreensão da realidade mesolítica da bacia do Sado. Assim, com recurso aos SIG, realizou-se um estudo incidente nos concheiros mesolíticos do rio Sado, nos quais se estudou a relação das implantações dos sítios com o meio geográfico, procurando observar características comuns de forma a encontrar a possível existência de um padrão de assentamento. Optou-se por destacar neste trabalho a ligação com o espaço hidrográfico, raiz comum das implantações dos concheiros do Sado, assim como os aspectos relativos à visibilidade entre os próprios sítios, observando-se a fraca intervisibilidade entre os vários grupos ao invés do inicialmente ponderado.

O depósito metálico de Agro Velho-Montalegre e a sua relação com o Sudoeste Peninsular (?)

Identificação e caracterização arqueometalúrgica de um machado plano em bronze binário, de tipo Bujões-Barcelos, que integrou o depósito de Agro Velho, em Montalegre, importante região mineira rica em estanho, onde se tem encontrado uma das evidências mais antigas das produções bronzíferas do país, atribuídas ao Bronze médio, 2º quartel do II milénio a.C. Pelas vicissitudes do trabalho arqueológico, a biografia do nosso machado viria a cruzar-se com a história do quiçá mais importante complexo científico-museológico português, enraizado na segunda metade do século XVIII. Localizado nas primitivas instalações da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, foi quase totalmente destruído por vasto incêndio em 1978. Miraculosamente salvo do incêndio, o machado do depósito de Agro Velho aqui estudado encontra-se actualmente depositado no Museu de Arqueologia e Etnografia do Distrito de Setúbal (MAEDS).

An account of Michael Fried’s Group discussion with FLUL’s PhD Students from Art History and Theory of Literature

The modernist Art critic and Art historian Michael Fried was the fi rst invited speaker to the Lisbon Lectures in the Humanities, promoted by the School of Humanities of the University of Lisbon. Before presenting his conference ‘Facingness Meets Mindedness: On Manet’s Luncheon in the Studio and The Balcony’ regarding two paintings by Édouard Manet, Fried was also present in a fruitful group discussion with PhD students from Art History and Theory of Literature. The Art History doctoral candidates were able to present their questions, prepared beforehand in work sessions with Professor Pedro Lapa, regarding Professor Fried’s extensive body of work. By focusing mainly on his views as a critic, these notes by no means exhaust the matter, and will surely be followed by more in-depth incursions of it. Many other matters came up during this discussion, such as Michael Fried’s historical investigations into Courbet, Manet, Caravaggio, and others. This brief account intends to give notice of this session and share it with the academic community, divulging Michael Fried’s coming to Portugal and his ideas.

Cetbase e Cetdrama: arquivos sobre espectáculos e dramaturgia em linha


 
 
 O artigo debruça-se sobre os arquivos digitais do Centro de Estudos de Teatro da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, nomeadamente sobre os projectos CETbase e CETdrama. O primeiro foi um projecto pioneiro de largo espectro que, ao registar as informações sobre espectáculos nacionais e internacionais apresentados em Portugal, quis valorizar a componente histórico- -arquivística da preservação da memória dos acontecimentos performativos. Pretendia-se, assim, contrariar a tendência para o esquecimento a que a sua natureza efémera parece condená-los. O segundo foi pensado tendo em conta o contexto de globalização e a dificuldade em dar visibilidade a culturas periféricas, tendo como objectivo reunir dados e materiais sobre dramaturgia portuguesa contemporá‚nea, desenvolvendo dois eixos: um dicionário de autores e um thesaurus de peças, integrando materiais complementares que a ambos dizem respeito. A investigação científica encontra nas novas tecnologias as aliadas perfeitas para a realização e a eficácia dos projectos em causa.
 
 

SI: Chalmers on Virtual Reality Introduction

Abstract In June 2016, David Chalmers delivered the Petrus Hispanus Lectures at the LanCog research group, University of Lisbon, on the subject of objects, properties, and perception in virtual reality environments. The paper resulting from these lectures was subsequently published in Disputatio as “The Virtual and the Real” (vol. IX, 2017, No. 46, pp. 309–52). In it, Chalmers defends virtual realism, according to which virtual objects are bona fide digital objects with virtual counterparts of perceptible properties such as colour and shape, and perception in virtual reality environments is typically veridical rather than illusory. This special issue collects responses to Chalmers due to Claus Beisbart, Jesper Juul, Peter Ludlow, Neil McDonnell and Nathan Wildman, Alyssa Ney, Eric Schwitzgebel, and Marc Silcox; together with a detailed response by Chalmers to each paper. You can read the target article (Chalmers 2017, “The Virtual and the Real”) under discussion in this Special Issue here: https://doi.org/10.1515/disp-2017-0009

Entrevista com Inocência Mata

Entrevista concedida à revista Matraga sobre o panorama atual das Literaturas Africanas de Língua Portuguesa.

The NoHoW protocol: a multicentre 2×2 factorial randomised controlled trial investigating an evidence-based digital toolkit for weight loss maintenance in European adults

IntroductionObesity and associated diseases place a severe burden on healthcare systems. Behavioural interventions for weight loss (WL) are successful in the short term but often result in weight regain over...

Glass Crystal Models: A First Approach to a Hidden Treasure of Teaching and Scientific Heritage

Glass crystal models arrived in Portugal around the late 19th century, when high schools, universities, and polytechnics were gradually provided with teaching collections to support science education. Therefore, they are an important material evidence of teaching methodologies of mineral and geology science in the 20th century. The Passos Manuel high school in Lisbon, owns a significant collection of scientific heritage, currently on a long-term loan at the National Museum of Natural History and Science and the University of Lisbon, which includes a set of 98 glass crystal models. Besides glass, these models are composed by adhesives, paper, cardboard, textile threads, paper/textile adhesive tapes, and metal nuts and screws. Also, they show several levels of intervention and different conservation states. In this paper, the first results of a multi-analytic approach to chemically characterize these objects’ material composition will be presented. Characterization was done based on portable equipment (pXRF), or by collecting small samples further analyzed using optical microscopy and FTIR-ATR techniques. This study allowed for a first distinction between original materials from the old repairs; to develop a more accurate assessment of the conservation condition; and finally, as one of the main aims of this work, to determine preventive conservation measures in order to better preserve these cultural objects.

Magic Lantern Glass Slides Materials and Techniques: The First Multi-Analytical Study

This paper presents the first systematic investigation of hand-painted magic lantern glass slides using multi-analytical techniques combined with a critical analysis of historical written sources of the painting materials and techniques used to produce them. The magic lantern was an optical instrument used from the seventeenth to the twentieth century that attained great success and impact on the entertainment industry, science, religion, and advertisement industry. The glass, colorants, and organic media of five magic lantern slides from the Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Lisbon were studied. By means of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, the glass was characterized and the oxide quantification unveiled that the glass substrate was possibly produced between 1870 and 1930. Ultraviolet-Visible, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies allowed the characterization of the colorants: Prussian blue, an anthraquinone red lake pigment of animal origin (such as cochineal), an unidentified organic yellow, and carbon black. The remaining colors were achieved through mixtures of the pure pigments. Infrared analysis detected a complex fingerprint in all colors, nevertheless, a terpenoid resin such as shellac was identified. Metal carboxylates were also detected, contributing to the assessment of the state of conservation of the paints.

INTEGRATING DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: ‘UNVEILING THE HIDDEN HAMINA’ INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL

Abstract. Currently, non-formal Heritage Education strategies present an immense potential to valorise and protect cultural heritage (CH), while promoting the transmission and production of knowledge. Integrating the potential of technologies in cultural heritage management practices, particularly in the field of ‘heritage documentation’, presents a way to empower both experts and non-experts with tools to better understand and record CH assets. It also allows to use research to advance on conservation, and to create and strengthen links between communities and their heritage. To achieve these in a non-formal context, a learning process/path needs to go beyond merely taking the contents out of the classroom; it requires the development of a strategy where students interact directly of the heritage assets, the communities and the institutions during a continuous amount of time, allowing for immersion, meaningful experience, and dialogue. In 2018, under coordination of the University of Lisbon and Tampere University of Technology, took place the International Summer School ‘Unveiling the Hidden Hamina’, in Finland. The course was focused on integrating a non-formal academic course on Heritage documentation with a community-centred approach to cultural heritage. Its primary goals were to develop a learning path merging communities and course contents, to tackle current challenges in Heritage documentation, and to solve some current problems identified by local CH institutions. This paper provides a description of the course program and learning activities, the community engagement strategies, the integrated socio-cultural agenda and the main outcomes obtained by the course.

International Conference on Landscape and Cinema

In this article I offer an overview of the 'International Conference on Landscape and Cinema' that took place on December 3-5, 2018, at the School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon.

Culture, Diversity, Interculturality and Cultural Competence: Knowledge and importance of the concepts in Social Work perspective

In a more global and diversified society, it is of utmost importance to identify the main elements of cultural diversity and to understand the difference in all its dimensions in order to create, develop and mediate a trust relationship with others. The main objective of this research is to obtain information on Social Work student´s knowledge about some key concepts such as: cultural diversity, interculturality and cultural competence and its relevance on their education. The main results of this study carried out with social work students of a Lisbon University shows that students do have a clear understanding about the culture concepts, cultural diversity and interculturality and are aware of the importance of interculturality in their professional future practice.

Searching for the Key to Foreseeing Left Atrial Fibrosis in Atrial Fibrillation: Could This Be Simple and Reliable with MRI?

Searching for the Key to Foreseeing Left Atrial Fibrosis in Atrial Fibrillation: Could This Be Simple and Reliable with MRI?

A Cross-analysis of Block-based and Visual Programming Apps with Computer Science Student-Teachers

In the last few years, it has been pointed out that teaching programming is a strong strategy to develop pupils’ competences in computational thinking (CT). In the Portuguese context, the curriculum changes in 2018 made programming and CT compulsory for every pupil in primary and secondary education. Nowadays, there is an information and communication technology (ICT) subject, taught by a computer science teacher in each school grade. In Portugal, to become a computer science teacher in primary and secondary education, it is compulsory to have a master’s degree in computer science education. This article reports on a pedagogical activity developed with student-teachers of a Master in Teaching Informatics at the University of Lisbon. Within the activities of the master’s program, we developed a cross-analysis of the core characteristics of 26 block-based and visual programming applications (apps) used to teach computational thinking and programming in school classes. In order to organize the analysis, a framework with several dimensions was developed and used by student-teachers to register the characteristics of each app. The product of this work is a comparative matrix mapping the core characteristics of each of the 26 apps that student-teachers used to select the most appropriate one for teaching programming and computational thinking according to each grade, age group and other characteristics.

Mulch films biodegradation rate in different types of soil

Nowadays, the use of polyethylene (PE) mulch on horticultural crops leads to negative environmental impacts. To overcome these problems, biodegradable mulches were developed once they can be incorporated at the end of the crop cycle, towards a more sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to perform respirometric tests in standardized aerobic conditions using two methods: one in batch conditions (at 28°C) and the other in continuous mode (at 25°C). Biodegradation tests were developed in three types of soils: Ferralsols (T1), Calcisols (T2) and Arenosols (T3) with: 21 g kg(-1) organic matter (OM), sandy-loam texture, 5.8 pH (H(2)O); 11 g kg(-1) OM, clay texture, 7.6 pH (H(2)O); and 8 g kg(-1) OM, sand texture, 6.9 pH (H(2)O), respectively. Agrobiofilm® (15 µm, black) was used, in Brazil and Portugal, at real scale with same family crops: Asteraceae, Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae, for that reason biodegradable mulch was selected. At Taubate University, in T1 soil, a respirometric test was developed in batch system to measure CO(2) production. At Lisbon University CO(2) production was measured in a continuous aeration test using the soils T1, T2 and T3. The results obtained regarding the Brazil test showed that CO(2) production was higher on Agrobiofilm® modality with 1.20 against 0.69 mg CO(2) g(-1) soil on bare soil modality. The data obtained from the trials performed in Portugal was for T1, T2 and T3, on Agrobiofilm modality: 3.04, 0.88, 0.74 mg CO(2) g(-1) soil, against bare soil: 1.88, 0.58, 0.50 mg CO(2) g(-1) soil, respectively. From results obtained, CO(2) production on continuous aeration methodology was 2.5 times higher than batch methodology. Overall the correlation between biodegradation rate and different soils' characteristics shows a promising approach emphasising the complex mechanisms involved.

Floresta amazónica: um olhar em torno dos discursos ambientais e a política brasileira

O presente trabalho retirado da tese de doutoramento, defendida na Universidade Nova de Lisboa, que tem o título “Os Discursos Legitimadores ambientais e a Política em Torno da Floresta Amazônica”. A tese em questão apresenta o resultado do estudo do fenômeno do poder aludido à Floresta Amazônica. Ao considerar que a Ciência Política ressalta os aspetos práticos do exercício do poder e que as ideias são legitimadas nas discussões políticas, este trabalho buscou analisar os discursos políticos dos agentes governamentais e não governamentais acerca das políticas públicas ambientais em relação à Floresta Amazônica; apresentar os principais argumentos das retóricas sobre a Floresta; assim como, identificar se há diferenças entre os discursos governamentais e não governamentais e verificar se as políticas públicas sobre a Floresta Amazônica têm cumprido o seu propósito. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, sendo utilizado o questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. Após análise dos resultados, foi possível constatar que existem discursos legitimados sobre a Floresta Amazônica, os quais não condizem com a sua realidade.

Displaying a taxidermy rhinoceros in a museum: the Lisbon conservation approach

The present problems around the public display of a full taxidermy mounted rhinoceros in Lisbon and the motifs for the replacement of its original horns are presented in this paper. The twentieth century specimen concerned belongs to the National Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Lisbon (MUHNA C). The several warnings of rhino horn thefts occurring in museums across Europe in the last two decades and the frequency of requests for loans of this specimen for exhibitions, raised an internal debate at the MUHNA C. In this paper, firstly, we present a short overview of the problems in terms of the international context and the vulnerability of these specimens at museums, followed by a brief overview of the history of the Lisbon specimen. Finally, we detail and discuss our conservation, methodology and ethical approach to the removal and replacement of the specimen’s original horns with replicas, based on Norfolk Museums Service’s (UK) protocol and experience.

Foreword

The XXXI International Congress of Applied Economics, ASEPELT 2017, took place in Lisbon, from 5 to 8 July, 2017. The organization was the responsibility of ISEG/UL (Lisboa School of Economics & Management - University of Lisbon) that went on working to offer a stimulating scientific and social program for the Congress.The theme of the Congress -Real Economy and Finance- had, as main objective, to stimulate the debate around the problematic of Crisis and Globalization, and its effects on the World/European economies (and, especially, in the Iberian countries). The impacts that these phenomena have brought to the so-called real economy and the process of “financialization” of the economy (and related risks) that has been associated with it, the possible responses to the crisis and the promotion of a new development model, were at the center of the debates.Particular attention to the issues of applied economics and of the methodologies and techniques of analysis of economic and business information was also in our objectives.At the same time it was proposed to the Organizing Committee to integrate the number of September Of ESTUDIOS DE ECONOMIA APLICADA review with a related “monográfico” that would be composed of papers both presented at the conference or coming directly to the review, following a specific call for papers. The Theme should be related with the central purpose of the ASEPELT 2017, even if different and specific.

Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence and Raman micro-analytical study of coffee drawings by Lagoa Henriques

Lagoa Henriques (1923–2009), the well-known Portuguese Sculptor, was also Drawing professor at the Lisbon School of Fine Arts. The sculptor is known for drawing on paper tablecloths during coffee chats. Some of these drawings have become part of the collection of the Faculty of Fine Arts from the University of Lisbon, and like many contemporary artworks that are not carried out with materials conceived for this purpose, pose relevant conservation issues. To ensure the future preservation of the drawings with scientific-based knowledge, non-destructive micro-analytical characterization of the supports and drawing materials was carried out. Micro-Raman spectroscopy enabled the identification of calcite and anatase as fillers in the paper support, carbon black in the ink, and contributed to the diagnostic of the state of conservation of the drawings based on the obtained Raman cellulose spectra. Furthermore, micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF) allowed the identification of clay fillers and sizing materials in the paper support, as well as the chemical identification of coffee characteristic elements on the drawings. The 2D elemental maps obtained by μ-XRF indicates an accumulation of phosphorus, sulphur, potassium and calcium in the coffee stains.

Flávio Ferreira Pinto de Resende (1907–1967): A portuguese scientist and hero‐botanist, and his forays into systematics

Flávio Ferreira Pinto de Resende (1907–1967): A portuguese scientist and hero‐botanist, and his forays into systematics