Gaziantep University Research Articles

Esp in Action: Application of LEM in Gaziantep Industry Through Online Language Teaching

The study was conducted in Gaziantep, an industrial city in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkiye. This study was a joint effort of Gaziantep University and a company that participated in many international activities. Through fieldwork and literature reviews, it was determined that there are no foreign language studies towards business people and business English in Gaziantep. The objectives of this study, was aimed at business people and the business world, were determined based on this preliminary research and existing foreign language teaching studies; the goal was to determine how to close the language gap in the business world. Distance education was used to make the study easy to access; for participants to be able to access the training program at any time and place. After necessary procedures were established, the employees who could participate in the project were determined. The employees' primary needs and foreign language levels were determined with a pre-test and a need analysis. A training model was developed accordingly, and the eight-week training was started. The training content was organized according to the lean educational method, considering the needs of all participants, and the efficiency of the method in question was examined. Training content, incorporating technological tools and interactive materials, was planned to ensure that participants enjoyed learning throughout the course. The success of the training was evaluated based on findings obtained by comparing pre-test and post-test results. In light of these findings, it has been proven that language success can be increased quickly by using the lean educational method effectively. It has been determined that great success can be achieved quickly with the lean educational method, a training model used to achieve rapid success in areas for adult groups and the business world. In addition, this study determined that people with time constraints could easily participate in the program with distance education and save time while doing so.

Evaluation of Dental Anxiety Levels on Oral and Dental Health Quality of Life in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anxiety level, dental fear, anxiety on oral health quality of life oral, and dental health in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients. Materials and Methods: Ninety adult individuals were included from Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry. All participants were asked about demographic parameters (age, gender), socio-economic status (education, marital status), and oral hygiene habits. The OHIP-14 and OHRQoL-UK questionnaires were used to asses the effect of individuals' oral health on their quality of life. Dental anxiety levels were evaluation with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0. Result: There were no significant differences for Sociodemographic data, dental habits, age, marital status, educational status, smoking, frequency of brushing tooth, frequency of visiting the dental clinic in OHIP-14, OHRQoL, and MDAS survey scores (p > 0.005). However, there was a statistically moderate positive correlation between the total OHIP-14 scores and the MDAS scores (r = 0.309; p < 0.003). Additionally, a moderate negative correlation was showed between the total OHRQoL and the MDAS scale (r = 0.307; p < 0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed that patients' quality of life regarding oral and dental health was low, regardless of individual factors. It was found that dental anxiety was lower in patients with HT, and a significant correlation betwen the quality of life and anxiety level was observed.

Radiographical examination of pulp stone distribution by cone beam computed tomography

Aims: The present study aimed to ascertain the association between pulp stone production and tooth type, jaw, arch orientation, and dental status in a Turkish subpopulation in the southern region of Turkiye by analyzing cone beam computed tomography images. Methods: The study included a retrospective examination of cone beam computed tomography images obtained at Gaziantep Private Dental Clinic and Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry between 2014 and 2020 for various purposes, and a recording of teeth with pulp calcification in the pulp chamber. The study did not include any teeth that had root canal therapy or porcelain crowns. Data was gathered from radiographs of people in the 19-90 age range. In all, 1676 teeth had pulp stones found in them. To compare proportions, two proportion z-tests were employed. Results: Male individuals possessed 774 teeth with pulp stones, while female individuals possessed 902 teeth with the same condition. The prevalence of pulp stones in first and second molar teeth (1092, 65.16%) is statistically farther than central and lateral incisors (238, 4.2%), canine (207, 12.35%) and premolar (139, 8.29%). The rate of pulp calcifications is statistically higher; in intact (1065, 63.54%) teeth compared to the teeth with filling materials (443, 26.43%) and teeth with caries (173, 10.32%); in the maxilla (874, 52.15%) compared to mandible (802, 47.85%). Pulp stone occurrence was higher on the right side (888, 52.98%) than on the left side (788, 47.02) (p

The Gaziantep Model: Integrated Mother-Child Health Services for Healthy Communities After Disasters

This article discusses the Gaziantep Model, which focuses on integrated mother-child health services in the aftermath of disasters, with a particular focus on the 2023 earthquakes in Turkey. The model emphasizes the importance of maternal and child health in building healthy communities post-disaster and offers a comprehensive approach to address physical and mental health. The Gaziantep model uses a hybrid structure of mobile and fixed healthcare services to provide care at both individual and societal levels. It also recognizes the importance of healthcare staff's well-being. The article highlights the significant impact of the earthquakes, including damage to healthcare facilities and the strain on healthcare personnel, especially in regions with a high population of Syrian refugees. Gaziantep, with its existing maternal and infant mortality challenges, serves as a suitable province for implementing this model. The article emphasizes the long-term consequences of disasters on maternal and child health, including increased risks during pregnancy, mental health issues, and developmental challenges for children. The Gaziantep model aims to foster collaboration among various agencies and organizations, develop targeted interventions, and collect data to improve maternal and child health, reduce burnout among medical personnel, and enhance the overall well-being of communities. It involves the partnership of Gaziantep University, the ZERU Association, Gaziantep Provincial Health Directorate, and Gaziantep Municipality. Overall, the Gaziantep Model offers a comprehensive approach to address the unique healthcare needs of mothers, children, and families in the aftermath of disasters, with a focus on collaboration and long-term community health.

The Plights of West-African Students in Turkish Universities: A Case Study of Gaziantep University

Like any other Western country, Turkiye is becoming an educational destination for many international students, especially Africans. Therefore, Turkiye emphasizes universities' internationalization, which brought rapid success to its political and economic trends. Therefore, this present study investigated the plights of West African students in Turkish universities, specifically focusing on the West African students at Gaziantep University. The study is based on a qualitative research design with a case study approach. This study used interviews and observation to collect data from 12 participants—one participant at least from each of the 10 West African countries presently active at Gaziantep University. The data collected were qualitatively analyzed based on common themes designed for this study. According to the findings of this current study, the language and prejudice of locals against West African students and the country they come from where the enormous challenges they faced while at Gaziantep University. Concerning these findings, the present study recommends addressing the problems mentioned earlier, such as special orientation programs organized by the university and other relevant bodies, which should be delivered by university staff familiar with Africans' socio-cultural heritage and economic and political background. Likewise, scholarships and financial support from the government and other relevant authorities should be given to West African students to overcome the financial problems they encountered during their stay at Gaziantep University

Investigation of SCCmec types using the real time PCR method in cefoxitin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates

BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen that can cause many community and hospital-acquired infections. This study was conducted to investigate the SCCmec gene types responsible for methicillin resistance in MRSA isolates isolated from hospitalised patients. Material and methodsMRSA isolates isolated from samples sent from various clinics to Gaziantep University Hospital Microbiology Laboratory between March 2021–January 2022 were included in the study. Bacteria were identified using by VITEK 2 automated system. Cefoxitin (FOX) resistance was determined by the disc diffusion method according to EUCAST standards. Cefoxitin resistance was confirmed by the Penicillin Binding Protein 2′ latex agglutination test. Types of mecA, mecC, coa, nuc, Panton Valentin Leukocidin (PVL), ccrC2, class A mec, SCCmec types in isolates detected as MRSA were investigated by real-time PCR. ResultsIn this study, 116 isolates meeting the study criteria were examined. By detecting the nuc and coa genes in all isolates by PCR, the phenotypic identification of S.aureus was confirmed. While the mecA gene was detected in all MRSA isolates, no mecC gene was detected in any isolates. Detected SCCmec types were as follows; SCCmec Type 1 (2.6%), Type II (28.4%), Type III (12.9%), Type IVa (11.2%), Type IVb (3.4%), Type IVc (3.4%), Type IVg (12.1%), Type V (0.9%), Type VII (4.3%), Type VIII (18.1%), Type IX (0.9%), Type XII (1.7%). On the other hand, SCCmec Type VI, X, XI and XIII were not found in any isolate. It was determined that four of the MRSA isolates (3.4%) carried the PVL gene that two (50%) of these were found in SCCmec Type VIII. ConclusionMonitoring of FOX resistance is an effective and safe method for determination of MRSA isolates. The change in the mec gene causes resistance, which should be monitored regularly with molecular methods. Our study is the first study in Turkey.

The Role of University-Ngo Cooperation in Increasing the Entrepreneurial Skills of Youth: An Evaluation Specific to Refugee Youth

As widely recognized, Turkey is hosting the world's highest number of registered refugees since 2011. Notably, 20% of this refugee population comprises young individuals aged 18-29, highlighting significant youth. Gaziantep, second to Istanbul in refugee concentration, accommodates over 440,000 refugees. This study delves into the necessity of forging a new symbiotic relationship between residents and migrants. Such a partnership can positively affect industry, productivity and human resource diversity. Notably, research indicates that a majority (80%) of refugees do not foresee a return to Syria, underscoring the significance of maximizing the productivity and efficiency of these individuals in their adopted regions. Consequently, the study investigates the interplay between young migrants and the city's entrepreneurship ecosystem, drawing upon data from 14 collaborative projects, focusing on enhancing local and refugee youth's capacity and entrepreneurial skills, between Gaziantep University and NGOs. The findings underscore the outcomes stemming from the alliance between young refugees and their local counterparts, which fosters innovation and productivity through collaboration. This study illuminates the potential for new ecosystems to drive entrepreneurial effectiveness and efficiency, culminating in innovation-driven accomplishments facilitated by the collaboration between refugee and local youth.

Absence and Duplicate Foramen Spinosum in the Same Patient: An Extremely Rare Variation.

The foramen spinosum, one of the important openings at the base of the cranium, is the opening through which the middle meningeal artery enters the cranium. The variations of the foramen spinosum should be well known to be an important landmark in middle fossa surgeries and to understand better the clinical conditions related to the middle meningeal artery passing through it. A total of 35 bones (32 cranial base and 3 separate sphenoid bones) of individuals of unknown age, sex, and ethnicity in the Laboratory of the Department of Anatomy, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine were examined bilaterally in this study. One of the 35 bones was found to have a duplicated foramen spinosum on the left side and an absence foramen spinosum on the right side. Foramen spinosum variations should be considered in middle fossa approaches and procedures involving the middle meningeal artery.

Morphometric Analysis of the Sella Turcica on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images.

Sella turcica is an important anatomic formation that contains the pituitary gland and is in a close neighborhood with many vital structures. It is important to know the morphometry of the sella turcica, as it is a transition point during surgical interventions such as the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the region. The findings obtained are thought to be useful in the examination of sella turcica and surrounding structures and will contribute to the literature by knowing the morphometry of the region for the surgical method. In this study, cone-beam computed tomography images of 400 individuals, 200 females and 200 males, aged between 18 and 65 years, who did not have craniofacial pathology, who applied to Gaziantep University, Faculty of Dentistry between 2015 and 2020 for any reason, were evaluated retrospectively. In the sagittal section, 8 parameters were examined, 6 of which were transverse. The length () of the sella turcica in the sagittal plane is 10.19±1.77mm, the diameter of the sella turcica is 11.6±1.69mm, the anterior height of the sella turcica is 7.88±1.56mm, the median height of the sella turcica 8.18±1.42mm, posterior height of sella turcica 6.98±1.31mm, width of sella turcica 11.10±1.6mm. The distance between anterior clinoid processes in the transverse plane was 24.93±2.57mm, and the distance between posterior clinoid processes was 14.92±2.46mm. It was determined that there was an increase in many parameters with age, and length of the sella turcica and anterior clinoid processes were statistically significantly higher in males.

Dental Findings and Treatment in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report

Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetically inherited disease in which increased bone fragility, low bone mass, and connective tissue disorders are seen. In other words, 'glass bone disease'; has been associated with blue sclera, hearing problems, hand-foot deformities, and dentinogenesis imperfecta. In this case, a 10-year-old girl with OI who applied to Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Pedodontics is presented. Among the physical findings of the patient, short stature, hearing loss, pectus excavatum, grayish blue sclera, hand-foot deformities, malocclusions in the relationship between the jaws were found. In the clinical examination of the patient, lack of oral hygiene, deep dentin caries, crowding, macroglossia, class 3 malocclusion were observed and teeth that needed treatment were treated.

Utilization of machine learning models in predicting caries risk groups and oral health-related risk factors in adults

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyse the risk factors that affect oral health in adults and to evaluate the success of different machine learning algorithms in predicting these risk factors.MethodsThis study included 2000 patients aged 18 years and older who were admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, between September and December 2023. In this study, patients completed a 30-item questionnaire designed to assess the factors that affect the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT). Clinical and radiological examinations were performed, and DMFT scores were calculated after completion of the questionnaire. The obtained data were randomly divided into a 75% training group and a 25% test group. The preprocessed dataset was analysed using various machine learning algorithms, including naive Bayes, logistic regression, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest and Multilayer Perceptron algorithms. Pearson's correlation test was also conducted to assess the correlation between participants' DMFT scores and oral health risk factors. The performance of each algorithm was evaluated to determine the most appropriate algorithm, and model performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score on the test dataset.ResultsA statistically significant difference was found between various factors and DMFT-based risk groups (p < 0.05), including age, sex, body mass index, tooth brushing frequency, socioeconomic status, employment status, education level, marital status, hypertension, diabetes status, renal disease status, consumption of sugary snacks, dry mouth status and screen time. When considering machine learning algorithms for risk group assessments, the Multilayer Perceptron model demonstrated the highest level of success, achieving an accuracy of 95.8%, an F1-score of 96%, and precision and recall rates of 96%.ConclusionsCaries risk assessment using a simple questionnaire can identify individuals at risk of dental caries, determine the key risk factors, provide information to help reduce the risk of dental caries over time and ensure follow-up. In addition, it is extremely important to apply effective preventive treatments and to prevent the general health problems that are caused by the deterioration of oral health. The results of this study show the potential of machine learning algorithms for predicting caries risk groups, and these algorithms are promising for future studies.

The Relationship between Religion, Spirituality, Psychological Well-Being, Psychological Resilience, Life Satisfaction of Medical Students in the Gaziantep, Turkey

Religion and spirituality have been associated with better psychological health. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the psychological well-being, psychological resilience, life satisfaction and religion/spirituality. An online cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Turkey. The data were collected by using Personal Information Form, Individual Religion Inventory (IRI), Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWBS), Brief Psychological Resilience Scale (BPRS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A total of 399 students participated in the study, 84% of them stated that they were Muslim. The perception of good psychological health was significantly higher among Muslims (32.7%) than non-Muslims (14.3%) (p = 0.013). The PWBS, BPRS, SWLS scores were significantly higher in those who attached very importance to religious/spiritual practices compared to those who attached little importance. While PWBS scores and BPRS scores did not differ, the SWLS scores was significantly higher in Muslims compared with the non-Muslims. A positive correlation was found between the IRI scores and PWBS (r = 0.446 p < 0.001), BPRS (r = 0.252 p < 0.001), and SWLS scores (r = 0.450 p < 0.001) for Muslim participants. The study showed that giving importance to religious/spiritual practices is associated with better psychological health.

Correction to: Determination of Reference Intervals of Biochemistry Parameters in healthy individuals in Gaziantep Province

In the first published version of this article [1], the authors stated that "Funding: The authors declare no funding" was misspelled. This has been changed to "Funding: The study was supported by Gaziantep University Scientific Research Projects Unit with project number TF.11.36". The authors take full responsibility for this confusion, and they apologize for the confusion. Publisher’s Note: The original article has been corrected, and a correction note was added. The original article can be find online at; https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther.20232902-1343.y

Letter from the Former Editor-in-Chief, Hasan Bayram, MD, PhD: Happy 30th volume and 35th year of the European Journal of Therapeutics!

Dear Colleagues, I have been very happy to see that our journal, the European Journal of Therapeutics, has reached its 35th year by publishing 78 issues over the years. Many congratulations! I would like to sincerely thank the Editors and publishing team for their great dedication and efforts in helping the Journal reach this stage, and more importantly, the authors who supported the Journal with their scientific work and manuscripts. I had the opportunity to contribute to our Journal, as Editor-in-Chief between 2014 and 2016 with great honor [1]. The preparation of issues, the editing and printing of the manuscripts were being carried out with limited resources within the Medical Faculty and Gaziantep University, and there were disruptions from time to time. However, in order for the Journal to reach the place it deserves in the publishing world, the issues had to be prepared on time, the peer review process had to be carried out meticulously, and the printing quality had to be improved. At that time, with the support of the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, for the first time, a contract was signed with a professional publisher and an attempt was made to maintain a more uninterrupted and professional publication process. I have been very happy to see that this effort has continued with increasing momentum in the period after the period I served for the Journal. I am happy to follow the Journal closely and contribute by reviewing the articles sent from time to time. I sincerely hope that our magazine will rise to the top in the publishing world for many years to come. Yours sincerely,

Happy 30th Volume and 35th Anniversary, European Journal of Therapeutics!

Dear Colleagues, It is an honor for us to celebrate the thirty-fifth anniversary and thirtieth volume of the establishment of the European Journal of Therapeutics (Eur J Ther) and to share this editorial with you. Dr. Sabri Güngör, the first Editor-in-Chief of the Eur J Ther (formerly Journal of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep), said the following in 1990 [1]: "What is happening in the medical world, which is witnessing dizzying changes every day, can be carried to the most extreme points in a very short time with today's communication tools." "Despite our limited resources, our aim is to fulfill this function in the best possible way from the first issue onwards." Although serious problems have been experienced from time to time during this thirty-five-year period, the Eur J Ther has continued on its way to move forward day by day, not counting the stagnation period between 2002 and 2006. As the current editorial team, our goal is to carry the Eur J Ther further with the contributions of our esteemed colleagues. On this 35th anniversary of the journal, we would like to thank the authors who submitted their work to the Eur J Ther. Your valuable work has made the Eur J Ther what it is today. We would also like to thank the hundreds of valuable referees who have served the Eur J Ther by reviewing these manuscripts and the previous Editors-in-Chief and Editors who have contributed to the advancement of the Eur J Ther in terms of scientific quality. With our respect,

30th Volume and 35th Birthday Celebration from the former Editor-in-Chief (2007-2010) of the European Journal of Therapeutics!

Dear Colleagues, I would like to share this editorial not as the current Editor-in-Chief of the European Journal of Therapeutics (Eur J Ther), formerly Gaziantep Medical Journal (Gaziantep Med J), but as the former Editor-in-Chief between 2007 and 2010. It is a great pleasure and pride to celebrate the thirty-fifth anniversary of the Eur J Ther. In 2007, when I was appointed as the Dean of Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, unfortunately, the journal, the last issue of which was published in 2001, was in a five-year pause. In 1990, despite limited means, the journal had started its publication life [1], and it was a significant shortcoming not to be published. This scientific spark, launched in 1990, should not have been extinguished. Among the several projects we carried out during my tenure as a Dean, the one that made me the happiest was the resumption of the journal's publication. A dedicated team worked wholeheartedly for this journal despite many impossibilities. And, at the end of a serious process of five years, the journal was reborn from its ashes like a phoenix in 2007! At that time, many index applications of our journal, especially the ULAKBIM TR Index, were approved. Similarly, we increased the number of issues in a year from two to three during this period [2]. In 2010, I handed over the journal's editor-in-chief with great pleasure. Perhaps what made me the happiest in my academic career was my period as Editor-in-Chief between 2007 and 2010 and the journal's progress. It is also a source of happiness and pride that I am now contributing again as Editor-in-Chief in the thirty-fifth year of the journal. I would like to express my gratitude to all authors, editors, referees and technical staff who have contributed to the journal in this thirty-five-year period. With the hope that there will be many more beautiful years to celebrate, Yours sincerely,

Investigation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Pathways in Nasal Polyp Tissue: Peroxynitrite and Malondialdehyde Compared to NF-E2-related factor 2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein one and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3ß

Objective: Nasal polyps are benign mucosal lesions with multifactorial causes that grow into the nasal cavity and are associated with inflammation. This study aims to investigate whether Nrf2, Keap1, GSK-3ß, Peroxynitrite, and malondialdehyde may be used as biochemical markers to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and nasal polyps. The goal is to explore the etiology of nasal polyps and contribute to the literature for a better understanding of the inflammatory pathophysiology of nasal polyps, ultimately leading to the development of new therapeutic approaches. Materials and Methods: A total of 94 patients aged between 12 and 65 years who underwent a surgical operation for polyps (n = 49, case group) and septoplasty (n=45, controls) between February and September 2022 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University were included in the study. Tissues taken from the polyp and the inferior turbinate in the case and control groups, respectively, were homogenized at the biochemistry laboratory and investigated using the ELISA method to compare the Nrf-2, Keap1, GSK-3ß, malondialdehyde, and peroxynitrite levels. Results: Consistent with the study hypothesis, Nrf2 levels were lower, and Keap1 levels were higher in the case group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Although studies have reported increased levels of GSK-3β in chronic rhinosinusitis, they were statistically lower in polyps. This may be associated with the complexity of the GSK-3β network or the adequacy of Keap1 alone for Nrf2 inhibition. Peroxynitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are indicators of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Nrf2, Keap1, GSK-3ß, MDA, and Peroxynitritetrite may be involved in the aetiology of nasal polyps based on the study's results. Keap1 and GSK-3ß, Nrf2 and Nrf2 module, actors which regulate oxidative stress, played a role in the pathophysiology of nasal polyps in combination with Peroxynitritetrite and malondialdehyde, according to the study findings. Potential treatments for nasal polyps are better understood through more extensive and well-matched studies.

Genç kadınların cinsel sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerinin evlilik öncesi riskli cinsel davranışları üzerine etkisi

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of young women’s Sexual Health literacy levels on their risky sexual behaviors before marriage. MATERIAL and METHODS: The descriptive type of research was conducted with 356 young female students studying at the Midwifery Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Gaziantep University in the 2023-2024 academic year. “Personal Information Form”, “Sexual Health Literacy Scale (SHLS) and “Premarital Risky Sexual Behavior Assessment Scale for Young Women (PRSAS-YW)” were used as data collection tools. RESULTS: Young women’s SHLS total score average was found to be 54.37±9.96, their sexual knowledge subscale average score was 32.22±9.00, and their sexual attitude subdimension average score was 17.35±4.31. The mean total score of young women on the PRSAS-YW was found to be 74.54±13.15. When looking at the average scores of the PRSAS-YW subscales; motivating beliefs were determined as 37.02±6.62 points, facilitators were determined as 24.92±5.56 and hindering factors were determined as 12.59±3.51 points. A negative, weakly statistically significant relationship was found between the SHLS and PRSAS-YW total score averages (r=-.243, p=0.001). Sexual Health literacy explains the change in premarital risky sexual behavior scores at a level of 0.59% (F = 22.167; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: It was found that young women had high Sexual Health literacy levels and a positive sexual attitude, and their risky sexual behavior before marriage was low. Additionally, it has been determined that as Sexual Health literacy levels increase, the risk of premarital sexual behavior decreases. Keywords: Sexual Health literacy, premarital sexuality, young women, midwifery

Investigating the relationship between university students' classroom engagement and metacognitive awareness

Metacognitive awareness is an important condition that affects many important skills such as academic success, critical thinking, creative thinking, and classroom engagement in classes. Classroom engagement is a situation that increases the success of students, who actively participates in the lessons, contributes to the lessons, and contributes to active listening cognitively, emotionally and behaviorally. This research is designed in correlational research model and aims to reveal the relationship between metacognitive awareness and classroom engagement. The research was carried out by cluster sampling method in Gaziantep University Education Faculties and BESYO colleges. 289 university students participated in the study. As a result of the research, it was revealed that there is a moderate to high relationship between university students' participation in classes and their metacognitive awareness. Regression analysis revealed that metacognitive awareness explained 44% of the variance in classroom engagement scores. Monitoring skill, one of the sub-dimensions of metacognitive awareness, was one of the factors that best explained students' engagement in the classroom.

Can the risk of hypocalcemia be detected with intact parathyroid hormone level after total thyroidectomy?

Objective: Nowadays, thyroidectomy is performed in patients with various indications. However, transient or permanent hypocalcemia occurs after surgery. In this case, the duration of hospitalization of the patients is prolonged. In this study, we aimed to detect hypocalcemia in the early phase with intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), a biochemical marker. &#x0D; &#x0D; Method: Hospital records of patients who had undergone standard bilateral total thyroidectomy for thyroid disease were retrospectively analyzed between September 2018 and April 2019 at the Department of General Surgery, Gaziantep University.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: Of the 114 patients included in the study, 91 were female (79.8%), and 23 were male (23%). Calcium levels of ≤8.5 mg/dL were found in 49 of 114 patients. Clinical symptoms of hypocalcemia were observed in 19 of these 49 patients. There was a significant correlation between the patients’ iPTH levels at 3-6 hours postoperatively and the calcium values at 24 hours postoperatively (p