Does attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worsen family functioning and parenting styles? A case control study

Abstract

Objective A bidirectional relationship between family functioning and parenting styles and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is proposed. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of ADHD symptoms on parenting styles and the general functionality of the family as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods 73 children with ADHD (56%) and 56 controls (43%) (a total of 129 participants, 31% female, 69% male) with a mean age of 11.3 (7–17, n: 129) were included in the study, which was conducted in Gaziantep University Hospital Child Psychiatry Department in 2022. The participants completed psychometric scales. Results Parents of children with ADHD showed higher positive parenting scores than the control group (p < 0.05). Inconsistent discipline scores were substantially higher in the ADHD combined subtype (14.38 ± 5.2) than in the attention deficit dominant group (17.59 ± 3.96) In addition, a strong correlation was found between familial functionality scores and ADHD severity in the ADHD attention deficit dominant subtype (r:0.601; p:0.027) and as ADHD severity increased, family functionality decreased. Conclusions This study shows that parents of children with ADHD have different parenting styles and ADHD affects the overall functionality of the family in the Turkish sample.