Diyala University Research Articles

Effect of the Interaction of Kinetin with Indole Butyric Acid on the Multiplication of Steva Plant (Spanty) In Vitro

This study was conducted in the laboratory of plant tissue culture in the College of Agriculture, University of Diyala for the period 2022-2023 to find an integrated program for propagating and multiplying Stevia outside the living body using some auxins and cytokinins and their interaction in the components of the nutrient medium. Tissue propagation experiments included a sterilization experiment, as a concentration of 15 mg.L-1 of sodium hypochlorite which gave the best sterilization percentage of 100%, and the best time period of 15 minutes gave 76.66%. Regarding the interaction between Kin and IBA, the control was superior in plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight. Whereas, the number of branches was superior to the concentration treatment of 2.0 mg.L-1, as it gave the best number of branches, reaching 3.46 branch.plant-1. As for the effect of NAA and IBA on the rooting, NAA was given at a concentration of 0.4 mg.L-1, the best root length was 1.94 cm, and the best number of roots was 6.6 root.plant-1. As for the acclimatization experiment, there was no significant differences between the media used. This may be attributed to the genetic ability of this variety to better tolerate environmental conditions. As for the medium used in all its combinations, it proved successful in the process of acclimatizing tissue culture plants. In general, the method used did not differ from the resulting method in acclimatizing most tissue culture plants.

The Role of Biochar and Perlite in Improving some Physical Properties of Clay Loam and Sandy Loam Soil

A laboratory experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of soil sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture – the University of Diyala, where the experimental factors was the soil type factor (clay loam and sandy loam) and the soil conditioners agent by adding biochar at the level of 1 and 2% and symbolized by B1 and B2 and perlite at the level of 1 and 2% and symbol it has P1 and P2, and it was added according to the soil dry weight, with three replications, CRD design, and plastic tubes were used to incubate the treatments for 14 weeks. The results showed an increase in the water infiltration in the clay loam soil by an increase of 23% when using biochar ratios 1 and 2%, while the infiltration decreased in the sandy loam soil by a decrease of 16 and 31% when using biochar 1 and 2%, while the use of perlite in the proportions of 1 and 2% increased the infiltration. In the sandy loam soil. This applies to the saturated hydraulic conductivity values. The Bulk density soil decreased when using biochar ratios 1 and 2% in the clay loam soil with decrease rates of 13 and 26%, and it also decreased when using perlite ratios 1 and 2% with decrease rates of 10 and 13%, and it also decreased when using ratios 1 and 2% biochar with sandy loam soil with decrease rates of 11 and 17%. The soil porosity increased when 1 and 2% biochar was used in the clay loam soil with an increase of 15 and 7%, and it increased when 1 and 2% perlite was added in the same soil with an increase of 5 and 6%.

Treatment of the Harmful Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide using the Amino Acid Selenocysteine and Sulfur Element on the Concentration of Nutrients in Yellow Corn Plant (Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was conducted during the fall season (2022) in the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Diyala in order to demonstrate the effect of the amino acid Selenocysteine and the sulfur element and the interference between them in treating the harmful effect of hydrogen peroxide and its effect on the nutrients (N, P, K, S) of the yellow corn plant (Zea mays.L). The experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), a regular factorial experiment with three replications, and the experimental parameters included the following: Three levels of spraying with acid with hydrogen peroxide (0, 5, 10) mg. liter-1 and three levels of spraying with the amino acid Selenocysteine (0, 50, 100) mg. liter-1, 2concentrations of liquid sulfur Zolfast (0, 2.5) g. Liter-1 and H2O2 was sprayed first, then the experimental factors were sprayed later, the corn crop was grown, and the results showed that spraying hydrogen peroxide with a high concentration (H10) led to a decrease in the studied characteristics, And when spraying the plant with acid (Sec), the studied characteristics increased with increasing concentrations of spray, and also these characteristics increased when spraying sulfur, and the bilateral interferences between the study factors gave a significant increase in the proportion of nutrients (N, P, K, S), and the triple interaction between The three factors of the study (H2O2 + Sec + S) treated the damage of hydrogen peroxide through the presence of an increase in the proportion of all studied characteristics when spraying the plant with amino acid and sulfur (H10, Sec100, S2.5) and when not spraying them (H10, Sec0, S0).

Assessment of Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity Syndrome in Subjects Lived Near Mobile Phone Base Station: Gender Based Study

Background: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) is subjective clinical ‎signs and symptoms caused by exposure to the electromagnetic field.
 Objective: To show the gender distribution of each category of EHS in people who lived near the mobile ‎phone base station. ‎
 Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the College of Medicine, University of Diyala. A total number of 196 individuals (128 men and 68 women) ‎lived within a 1500 m distance away from the mobile phone base station in the Diyala ‎province in the North East of Baghdad-Iraq included in the study. The authors ‎interviewed the participants and completed the EHS questionnaires.
 Results: Participants reported high scores of sleep disturbances, anxiety, and mood ‎fluctuation compared with other complaints. Men had significantly higher scores of ‎transient deafness and migraine-like headache compared with women. There were no ‎significant differences between men and women with subjective signs and symptoms ‎related to the cardiovascular system or skin. Multi-variable linear regression data ‎revealed a significant correlation (R=0.253) between the total scores of EHS with the ‎age, distance from the base station, and the onset of the illnesses). ‎
 Conclusion: We conclude that men who lived in the vicinity of the mobile phone base ‎station are significantly vulnerable to sleep disorder, anxiety, and fluctuation of ‎mood induced by electromagnetic radiation.

Effect of adding Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke) extract to water or diet on the productive performance of broilers

The experiment was carried out in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture/the University of Diyala from 4/9/2021 to 10/14/2021 to study the effect of adding Cynara scolymus L. )artichoke( extract to the diet of broilers. It was used as an antioxidant to show its effect on birds' productive, physiological and immune performance. In this experiment, 225 unsexed Ross 308 hybrid broiler chicks were used (one day age), with an initial weight of 44.36 g/chick. These chicks were randomly distributed from the first day of receiving them to five experimental treatments with three replicates for each treatment (15 birds/repeat). The experimental treatments were: T1 = (control treatment) provided a standard diet free of additives, T2 = Standard ration plus 75 mg/L artichoke extract, T3 = a standard diet supplemented with 150 mg/L artichoke extract, T4 = Standard ration to which 2 g/kg of artichoke extract is added, and T5 = Standard ration to which 3 g/kg of artichoke extract is added. The experiment results indicated a significant effect on product traits when adding different artichoke leaf extract powder levels to Ross 308 broiler water and diet (1-42 days). Generally, treatment T3 was significantly (P<0.05) superior in the fourth week in recording the highest average live body weight of 3170.90 g, and treatment T4 was significantly (P<0.05) in the fourth week and recorded the highest rate of weight gain. Also, treatment T1 in the first week recorded the highest rate of feed consumption, treatment T2 in the first week recorded the highest efficiency of food conversion, and treatment T3 significantly (P<0.05) and recorded the highest rate of productive evidence. Keywords: broiler, artichoke leaf extract, productive traits

Adding Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract to the diet as an antioxidant and studying its effect on the productive performance of Ross 308 broilers.

The experiment was carried out in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture/the University of Diyala during the period from 4/9/2021 to 15/10/2021 to study the effect of adding ginkgo leaf extract to broiler diets as an antioxidant and study its impact on the productive performance of birds. This experiment used 225 unsexed hybrid broiler chicks (age: one day). The average weight of the chick was (43.62 g.). Firstly, The chicks were randomly distributed by using five experimental treatments. Each treatment has three replicates (15 birds/repeat). Experimental transactions are as follows. T1 = (control treatment) A standard diet without addition is provided, T2 = standard ratio to which 1 g/kg of Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract is added, T3 = Standard diet to which 2 g/kg of Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract is added, T4 = a standard diet to which 3 g/kg of Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract is added, and T5 = standard ration to which 4 g/kg of Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract is added. The results of the experiment were as follows. The experiment results indicated a significant effect (P≤0.05) when adding different levels of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract to the diets of 308 Ross broilers for 1-42 days. The fourth treatment was superior to the average live body weight during the sixth week and the cumulative weight gain compared to the control. There is a significant superiority (P≤0.05) in the rate of cumulative feed consumption, cumulative feed conversion, efficiency and production index value, where all the addition treatments (1,2,3,4)g/kg feed excelled compared to the control. Keywords: Ginkgo biloba leaves Broiler, Growth performance, Antioxidant activity.

Response of Catharanthus roseus cv. ‘Pacifica XP’ to Adding Copper and Foliar Spraying with Benzoic and Salicylic Acids

The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the University of Diyala’s Research Station for the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping in the College of Agriculture during the 2020–2021 academic year. Experiments were conducted on Catharanthus roseus cv. ‘Pacifica XP’ from November 24, 2020, to June 1, 2021, and the effects of adding copper at 0, 30, 45, and 60 mg L-1, and foliar spraying with benzoic and salicylic acids at concentrations of 20 and 40 mgL-1, along with spraying with distilled water as a control treatment, were analyzed. A factorial experiment (54) with three replications was conducted using the randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results showed that all vegetative and biochemical characteristics-including leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper content, total carbohydrates, phenolic acids, vincristine, vinblastine, vindeline, and catharanthine content-were significantly improved by the addition of copper at a concentration of 60 mg L-1. Number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of leaves, percentage of nitrogen and potassium in the leaves, copper content in the leaves, phenolic acid content in the leaves, and vinblastine content in the leaves were all found to improve after foliar spraying with benzoic acid at a concentration of 40 mg L-1. The number of leaves, percentage of potassium, content of copper in the leaves, and phenolic acid content in the leaves were all significantly affected by the interaction treatments between the concentrations of copper, benzoic, and salicylic acids, with the interaction treatment BA40Cu60 yielding the best results. The characteristics of chlorophyll content in leaves, nitrogen and phosphorous percentages, total carbohydrates percentages, and vincristine, vinblastine, vindeline, and catharanthine leaf contents all favored the SA40Cu60 interaction treatment, whereas the vincristine content favored the BA20SA40 interaction treatment.

Effect of Spraying with Glycine on the Productive and Morphological Characteristics of Two Strawberry Cultivars Under Greenhouse Conditions

The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses belonging to the research station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape gardening at the College of Agriculture / University of Diyala for the agricultural season 2020/2021 as a factorial experiment with two factors, the first using four concentrations of glycine, which are 0, 50, 100, 150 mg L-1 and the second factor two strawberry varieties Camarose and Albion, according to the design of randomized complete block design and with three replications, as the number of experimental units reached 24. The results were analyzed according to the SAS program and the averages were tested according to Duncan’s polynomial test at a probability level of 0.05. The results showed that spraying of amino acid glycine was superior in the concentration of 150 mg L-1 (G4) by giving the highest values in number of fruits and their weight, plant yield, fruits content of ascorbic acid and anthocyanin pigment, and acidity was 16.31 fruits, 14.10 gm, 232.00 gm plant-1, 36.48 mg 100 g-1, 25.13 mg 100g-1 and 0.76%, respectively. Also the Camarosa cultivar (V1) was significantly superior in number of fruits and the yield of one plant was 16.60 fruits and 216.83 gm plant-1, while the Albion cultivar (V2) was superior in giving the highest percentage of TSS and ascorbic acid and the acidity was 7.38%,34.16 mg 100g-1 and 0.77% respectively. As for the treatment of interaction G4V1 (concentration of amino acid glycine 150 mg L-1 (G4) and Camarose cultivar (V1) ), it exceeded the number of fruits, fruits weight and plant yield. The interaction G1V2 had the highest content of TSS and ascorbic acid, while the interaction G4V2 achieved the best content of anthocyanin pigment and acidity in fruits.

Effect of Planting Date and Spraying with Nutrients Containing Amino Acids in the Growth and Production of Dry Onions and the Production of its Seeds

The field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season 2021-2022 at the research station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering / University of Diyala in order to study the effect of planting date and spraying with nutrients containing amino acids on the growth and production of dry onions and the production of its seeds. The experiment included two factors, the first planting date: 1/12, 21/12, 7/1 and 1/2, and the second factor was spraying with nutrients containing amino acids, namely: without spraying, spraying with Tecamin Max and spraying with Ascophila. And spray with Amino Quelant-K. The experiment included sixteen treatments with three replications, so the total experimental units became forty-eight experimental units. The split plot design (R.C.B.D) was used, and the results were analyzed statistically using the SAS statistical program, and the results were compared using Duncan’s multiple test at the probability level of 0.05. The results showed the superiority of the plants grown in the first date (1/12) in the characteristics of vegetative growth represented by plant height (76.69 cm) and the number of tubular leaves (14.30 leaf−1), compared to date 1/2, which reached 42.17 cm, and 8.27 leaf−1, respectively. The same treatment also excelled in yield characteristics, represented by the average bulb weight (90.57 gm) and the total yield of bulbs (35.29 tons ha−1), compared to date 1/2, which amounted to 51.58 g and 19.92 tons ha−1, respectively. The same treatment also excelled in the characteristics of the seed yield represented by the seed yield of one plant (5.05 g) and the total seed yield (2055.7 kg ha−1), compared to date 1/2, which amounted to 2.83 g and 1106.8 kg ha−1, respectively. As for spraying with amino nutrients, the results showed that there was a significant superiority when spraying with the amino nutrient Tecamin Max in the vegetative growth characteristics represented by plant height (73.32 cm) and the number of tubular leaves (13.75 leaf−1), compared to 54.42 cm and 9.72 leaf−1, respectively. It also excelled in yield characteristics represented by the average bulb weight (84.17 gm) and the total yield of bulbs (32.85 ton ha−1), compared to a comparison whose values were low to 60.07 gm and 23.40 ton ha−1, respectively. It also excelled in the characteristics of the seed yield, represented by the seed yield of one plant (5.07 g) and the total seed yield (2060.7 kg ha−1), compared to 3.10 g and 1212.3 kg ha−1, respectively. The effect of the interaction between planting date 1/12 and the amino nutrient Tecamin Max on the characteristics of vegetative growth, as the interaction gave a significant increase in plant height (87.26 cm) and the number of tubular leaves (16.70 leaf plant−1) compared to the date 1/2 with the comparison treatment, which amounted to 37.87 cm and 7.30 leaf in order, as well as the effect of the interaction between the sowing date 1/12 and the amino nutrient Tecamin Max on yield characteristics, as the interaction gave a significant increase in the average bulb weight (105.0 g) and the total yield of bulbs (40.67 tons ha−1) compared to the date 1/2 with the comparison treatment, which amounted to 50 g and 18.96 tons ha−1, respectively. The same treatment also outperformed the seed yield of one plant (6.12 g) and the total seed yield (2692.8 kg ha−1), compared to the date 1/2 with the comparison treatment, which amounted to 2.56 g and 1001.2 kg ha−1, respectively.

Department of Microbiology, Collage of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyal, Iraq

This study was done at the college of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala, from September 2021 to April 2022 to assess the seroprevalence and molecular detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) H5N8 in layer chickens. All samples came from 8 commercial flocks of layer chickens. Clinical sings included, severe respiratory infection with enlargement of the head, neck, and prominent edema of the face, followed by excessive lacrimation, sinusitis, severe rales, and cyanosis in all parts of unfeather skin predominantly the wattles comb, and the legs. In this regard, ELISA was used as a serological test and RT-PCR as a molecular detection technique. Accordingly, (364) serum samples from 8 probable AIV (H5N8) infected layer farms were collected and subjected to ELISA test using commercial kit that specific for IgG antibodies to AIV H5N8. The results showed a significant increase of IgG antibodies in such serum samples at days 70 and 200 of age. According to the instruction manual of ELISA kit manufacturer and to mean titers of layers of present study, all farms are infected with AIVH5N8 strain. However, at the age of 200 days, 48 postmortem tissue samples including trachea, lung and liver of affected birds were collected from clinically and sub-clinically infected flocks from all farms. These samples were processed, RNA extracted and submitted to RT-PCR using specific primers for H5N8 strain. The results showed that 32 out of the 48 tissue samples (66.6%) tested positive for H5N8.The resulted Amplicon (320bp) was commercially sequenced and analyzed. The sequencing of the local AIV H5N8 revealed a 99% sequence identity with the reference sequences. The detected strain was registered in GenBank data (NCBI) under acc.number ON247929.1. Phylogenetic tree for locally detected virus in comparison to data from of NCBI was created and showed that the investigated S1(ON247929.1, AIV (A/laying hens/Iraq/(H5N8) segment 4 hemagglutinin (HA) gene, partial cds, local sample is closely related to reference isolates from the NCBI acc. no. of MW961428.1, MW961444.1, MW961476.1, MW961436.,1 and MW961484.1. These strains of the Influenza H5 virus have been deposited from Nigeria.

Biosynthetic of Green Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Effect on Cancer Cell Line Hela

The cytotoxic impact of biosynthetic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) was investigated using Vitex agnus-castus, which has been shown to have Effective compounds that suppress cancer cell proliferation. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were biosynthesized in the laboratories of the Biology department /College of Education for the Pure Sciences /University of Diyala. The phenotypic and structural characteristics of biosynthetic nanoparticles were identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The majority of ZnONPs are dense and spherical in shape, with diameters ranging from (20-61) nm, and were discovered on the cervical cancer cell line Hela and compared to the normal line Human Foreskin Fibroblast cells (HFF) using the MTT stain test (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium ). Cytotoxicity experiments were conducted at the Iraqi Center for Cancer Research / Al-Mustansiriya University. This study showed inhibitory activity on Hela cervical cancer cells, where the highest inhibition rate reached 93.6% at a concentration of 200 µg/ml. This raises the prospect of finding a viable therapy for cervical cancer (Hela) or any other malignancy using nanoparticle manufacturing technologies. Keywords: Biosynthetic, Green nanoparticles, Cancer cell, Hela, GC-MS.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 13, No. 4

World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 13, Number 4Acep Unang Rahayu, Poltekpar NHI Bandung, IndonesiaAtyaf Hasan Ibrahim, University of Diyala, IraqAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptFatma Abusrewel, The University of Tripoli, LibyaFridrik Dulaj, University Fehmi Agani Gjakova, AlbaniaJergen Jel A. Cinco- Labaria, Western Philippines University, PhilippinesKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaMaria Isabel Maldonado Garcia, University of the Punjab, PakistanMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqMusa Saleh, Qimam Al-Ulum Institute for Languages, Saudi ArabiaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOmsalma Ahmed, University of Hail, Saudi ArabiaÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey

Effect of Foliar Feeding with Copper Nanoparticles on Growth and Yield of Broccoli Crosses

The test was conducted in 2021-2022 at the Horticulture and Landscape Department fields - agriculture collage – Diyala University. The study was to examin the result of foliar spray through nano and chelated copper on the growth and production of broccoli hybrids. The foliar spray was used at three levels (0 mg.L-1, 10 mg.L-1, 20 mg.L-1, 40 mg.L-1) whereas five cultivars (v) of broccoli were used and these are: Jassmine (V1), 2004 (V2), Zen (V3), Masturi (V4), and Danar (V5). The results have shown that foliar application of nano copper has significantly affected on the crop growth and production. The highest production was 67.82 t.h-1 and and most of the vegetative and fruitful growth traits were at a concentration of nano-copper 20 mg.L-1. Whereas the results of the effect of foliar spray on broccoli varieties, the V2 has the highest florets 1.363 kg and the total yield was (56.81 h-1) and the chlorophyll index in the leaves was 0.801, and the florets content of carbohydrates, the Danar variety excelled in the leaf area, which amounted to 175.49, while the Matsuri variety excelled in the height of the plant, with an average height of 98.55 cm.

Response of Growth Characteristics and Yield of Broccoli Hybrids to Foliar Spraying with Copper Nanoparticles

The field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season 2021-2022 at the research station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala to study the effect of foliar feeding with nano and chelated copper for five broccoli hybrids. The study included two factors; The first factor is five broccoli hybrids: Jassmine (V1), 2004 (V2), Zen (V3), Matsuri (V4) and Danar (V5). The second factor has four application treatments of spraying copper: these are, zero concentration, which is spraying with distilled water only (F0), the second is chelated copper 40 mg L-1 (F2), the third is nano-copper 10 mg L-1 (F3) and the fourth is nano-copper 20 mg L-1. The experiment was performed at a split plot system and according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The data were collected and analysed statistically using the statistical program (SAS) and the averages were compared with Duncan’s polynomial test at the 0.05 probability level. The number of leaves, the percentage of dry matter in the leaves, the plant yield per square meter, the early appearance of the curd, the percentage of total soluble solids in the curd, and the concentration of vitamin C in the broccoli were examined. The results of the experiment showed the superiority of the Danar hybrid in the number of leaves, while the Zen hybrid was superior in the diameter of the stem and the 2004 hybrid was distinguished in the percentage of dry matter in the leaves, the early appearance of the curd, the highest yield per square meter, the best total soluble solids ratio, and the highest concentration of vitamin C in the curd. The results also showed that foliar spraying with nano-copper had a positive effect on most vegetative growth characteristics and yield, as the spraying with a concentration of 20 mg L-1 of nano-copper outperformed the percentage of dry matter in the leaves as for the number of leaves and stem diameter, the highest values were recorded in the plant yield per square meter, in the percentage of total soluble solids, and the concentration of vitamin C in the crop.

Challenges of Teaching English Language Online: Teachers Perspective

Virtual online teaching was adopted at the Iraqi educational institutions: schools and universities when COVID-19 break out. It was the only alternative to revival the education sector after locking down schools and universities by the condition of the quarantine. The scenario of locking down schools and universities after the spread of COVID-19 pandemic pushed stakeholders and decision makers to switch the educational process to the online mode (Thi1 &Minh, 2021). This sudden shift arose many issues and challenges which was faced by both teachers as well as learners, soon questions about the validity and authenticity of the educational process and outcomes were raised. The current study seeks to uncover hidden issues and challenges which English language teachers at Diyala University encounter at this critical period 2019-2022. A semi-structured interview was utilized as the instrument of this small scale qualitative and descriptive study. The qualitative raw data obtained from the interview transcripts were thematically coded and analyzed. The finding were interpreted in two directions: first: failure of the new online teaching process in obtaining the desired educational outcomes outlined by the ministries of education and higher education due to several reasons: uncontrolled examination session which led to student cheating and resulted in unauthentic grading marks. In addition to internet connection issues which is added to the teachers burden and affect negatively EFL teaching process. Secondly: it was proven that online teaching can be beneficial in the sense that it can save time and effort if new strategies of assessment were adopted, intensive training courses for teachers as well as students were applied, in addition to providing good internet service for both student and teacher.

Attention Focus and its Relationship to some Basic Skills of the Diyala University Soccer Team Player for Futsal

The research aims to identify the relationship between attention focus and its relationship to some basic skills of the players of the Diyala University football team for futsal through attention focus as an indicator of the level of performance of basic skills. The researchers used the descriptive approach due to its suitability to the nature of this research. This research was conducted on a sample that was chosen by the intentional method and consisted of (20) players from the Diyala University futsal team, where the researchers used the attention focus test form (network test) to measure the quality of attention focus in the research sample. The researcher used the scoring and handling skills test, and after conducting the exploratory experiment on the university team players, who consisted of (5) players outside the research sample, and after processing the results, the research resulted in a positive correlation between the attention focus test and the handling and scoring skills. Attention focus (network test), using a training program to focus attention due to its great importance in some of the basic skills of futsal, conducted similar studies in games that require focus and accuracy to determine the players' ability.

Study of the Effect of the Smoking on Blood Proteins in Diyala Province

After the widespread phenomenon of smoking in all societies, cultures and age groups, smoking hookah, a social phenomenon common among different members of society, has recently spread. The purpose of this study was to find out how smoking affects blood proteins. Place of collection of Diyala University sample the level of full blood protein was determined by the serums of 20 smokers and all age groups and compared to the serum of 20-25 from male non-smokers and according to the results of the tests conducted showed a clear rise and "means" in the level of blood protein in people who smoke at a rate (1.500+ 6.180) compared to non-smokers who had a protein level (1.00+4.160) at (0.01) >P level of albumin as measured and recorded. Smokers had (1,400+ 3.50) fewer album levels than non-smokers compared to (3,400 + 0.600) for non-smokers, which may be due to the role of albumin as an extracellular antioxidant. The results also revealed that smokers have a higher level of Globulins (1.408+3.53) than non-smokers (1.345 = 1.700), indicating that the high total protein in smokers is due to the high rate of Globulins , which shows that smoking has a negative effect on blood proteins, causing imbalances in body function and eventually leading to chronic diseases and death if smoking continues for a long time.

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) for Identifying Near-surface Bodies at Diyala University site, NE of Iraq

The current research demonstrates the ERI method's effectiveness as a supplementary engineering site investigation approach. Engineering site research is important to indicate the subsoil of proposed production sites. The benefit of the dipole-dipole array for ERI electrical resistivity imaging is that it provides informative records of subsurface geology and condition along with profiles. The dipole-dipole array was performed along with three parallel profiles at the Diyala University site to identify the buried facilities (pipes and cables) in the area. The buried electric cable embedded in a plastic tube was used for simulation to report and verify the field resistivity results. Interpretation of field facts confirmed that the used ERI method was robust in locating buried structures. The dipole-dipole array's strong horizontal sensitivity to subsurface resistivity releases made it possible to provide greater certainty of site characteristics concerning the buried systems. The results were consistent with the information on wells near the work site.

Detection of heat shock protein 70 genes (HSP70) polymorphism and its relationship with some productive and reproductive traits in local Iraqi goat

The study was conducted on 30 local goats in the Diyala / Al-Khalis governorate belonging to goat breeders. The experimental samples' laboratory work was completed in the College of Agriculture - the University of Diyala and the Office of Scientific Progress - Al-Harithiya - Baghdad from 11/13/2021 to 6/7/ 2022. This study is to demonstrate the relationship between the genetic phenotypes of the heat shock gene (HSP70)in the productive and reproductive to the reproductive and effective performance of local Iraqi female goats. The percentage of genotypes for the C1653T mutation site in the goat sample was 53%, 37% and 10% for the CC, CT and TT genotypes, respectively, and the allelic frequency were 0.71 and 0.29 for the C and T alleles, respectively. The chi-square value was not significant between the genotypes. The genetics indicates that the population is in a state of (Hardy Weinberg) equilibrium (p < 0.05), which suggests that there is no selection pressure in favor of a specific genetic structure for this genetic locus. This mutation had a high effect (P<0.01) on the mortality rate, where the CT genotype was 27% superior to the two genotypes CC, which was 13%, and then the TT genotype had no mortality. As for the traits of milk production (daily and total), it was observed through this study that there was a balance for this mutation in this direction so that there is resistance to heat stress, which negatively affects milk production as the animal is in a state of harmony between resistance to heat stress and milk production. As for growth traits, the C1653T mutation had no significant effect on growth traits. There were no significant differences between the birth weight and weight gain genotypes. Still, concerning the importance of weaning, it was noted that the CC and TT genotypes were superior to the CT genotype (11.92 and 11.92). 11.70 and 10.17) kg, respectively. Keywords: Hsp70, Milk, litter size.Polymorphism, Iraqi goats.

Effect of D-Aspartic acid on the level of some sex hormones and the biochemical parameters of the blood of Shami Bucks

This study was conducted at the Animal Production Department/ College of the Agriculture/ University of Diyala from 15/9/2021 to 15/10/2021 to investigate the effect of injecting D-aspartic amino acid in Shami Bucks on some blood biochemical and hormonal characteristics. Twelve's Shami Bucks aged between 1.5-2 years, and body weight ranged between 35-40 kg. The animals were divided into four groups (treatments) with three replicates among each group as follows, T1 (control group) was injected with normal saline only, T2, T3 and T4 groups were injected i.m. with D-aspartic acid as follows, 125 mg, 250 mg and 375 mg for T2, T3 and T4 groups respectively, every 48 hours in the afternoon. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, and serum was taken and stored at -20 ° C until analyzed. The results of the present study also indicated significant differences (P<0.05) of FSH (1.37±2.59, 1.45±0.89, 1.87±1.76 and 0.77±0.45) and LH (1.96±1.56, 2.19 ± 0.22, 2.22±1.44 and 1.11±1.30) respectively for the T2, T3 and T4 treatments as compared with the T1 (control group). The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) of total protein (6.23±0.02, 6.26±0.39, 6.46±1.23 and 4.35±0.12), albumin (4.36±1.24, 4.56±1.00, 4.75±1.34 and 3.34±0.11), globulin (1.87±1.33, 1.70±0.11, 1.71±0.01 and 1.01±1.22) and blood urea (6.45±0.23, 6.43±1.39, 6.56±1.56 and 5.22±1.25) respectively for the T2, T3 and T4 treatments as compared with the T1 (control group). While no significant differences between all experimental treatments in the concentrations of thyroid hormones (T4, T3), cholesterol and triglycerides. It can be concluded from the present study that injection of D-aspartic acid had a significant effect on some biochemical blood traits and the level of pituitary sex hormones. Keywords: D-Aspartic acid, Shami Bucks, biochemical parameters, sex hormones