Employment Of University Graduates Research Articles

The system of monitoring the employment of university graduates by the executive bodies of state power

The system of monitoring the employment of university graduates by the executive bodies of state power

Акмеологическая концепция социально-педагогического содействия трудоустройству выпускников вузов: от теории к практике

Акмеологическая концепция социально-педагогического содействия трудоустройству выпускников вузов: от теории к практике

Formation of university graduates employment culture

Introduction. Successful employment of university graduates is necessary for the productive solution of socio-economic problems of modern society. It is a particularly urgent task in the context of the global economic crisis and the significant changes of labor and employment area caused by it. Many students are not able to get a job, which means a significant lack of qualified specialists with higher education, who are strategic resources for the progressive development of society. This article aims to develop and give scientific justification for the extracurricular program of the Formation of University Graduates Employment Culture based on a modular approach. Materials and methods. The study involved 564 senior students of Russian universities (bachelor’s degree, master’s degree). Online survey was conducted to identify problem areas and prospects for employment. The parameters and characteristics of the formation of student’s employment culture are diagnosed using a set of valid diagnostic techniques. The reliability of the data obtained was checked using the Pearson’s chi-squared (χ2) test. Results. The author’s program for the formation of university graduates' employment culture was developed in the course of the study. The essence of the program is the development of students’ skills of job search, self-presentation, self-promotion, self-image, CV writing, effective communication, teamwork, creative problem solving, forecasting the trajectory of employment after graduation. A significant increase in the formation of student’s employment culture level was recorded as a result of the program implementation in the experimental group (χ2emp = 26.554) compared with the students of the control group who did not show positive dynamics in the level of the measured personal characteristics (χ2emp = 0.334) during the experimental work. Discussion and conclusion. The study has resulted that the effectiveness of the formation of university graduates' employment culture increases with the use of modular structuring for extracurricular programs (communicative, facilitation, socio-legal, administrative, psychological and pedagogical, project, information and interactive modules).

Inequality in the Initial Wage of College Graduates at the College-Level Perspective

College graduates, as a labor force with high human capital accumulation, have the problem of initial wage inequality, which is worth paying attention to. Based on the collated micro-survey data form “Employment and Entrepreneurship Development Report of Chinese College Graduates”, which contains 339 samples from vocational colleges, 453 from common colleges, and 360 from key colleges, this study empirically analyzed the inequality of college graduates’ initial wages at the college level. We found that the initial wage income level of college graduates is significantly influenced by the college level. The higher the level is, the higher the initial wage. The initial wage of graduates from key colleges is the highest, and the income inequality between them and vocational college graduates is the most significant. Moreover, there are structural differences in the wage premium effect of the college level on college graduates with a change in wage level. In addition, the study found that there is an obvious gender wage difference among college graduates, and political status, academic ranking, and student cadre experience as well as the nature of the workplace all contributed to the formation of wage premiums to a certain extent.

SUMMER: Bias-aware Prediction of Graduate Employment Based on Educational Big Data

The failure of obtaining employment could lead to serious psychosocial outcomes such as depression and substance abuse, especially for college students who may be less cognitively and emotionally mature. In addition to academic performance, employers’ unconscious biases are a potential obstacle to graduating students in becoming employed. Thus, it is necessary to understand the nature of such unconscious biases to assist students at an early stage with personalized intervention. In this paper, we analyze the existing bias in college graduate employment through a large-scale education dataset and develop a framework called SUMMER (bia S -aware grad U ate e M ploy ME nt p R ediction) to predict students’ employment status and employment preference while considering biases. The framework consists of four major components. Firstly, we resolve the heterogeneity of student courses by embedding academic performance into a unified space. Next, we apply a Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) to overcome the label imbalance problem of employment data. Thirdly, we adopt a temporal convolutional network to comprehensively capture sequential information of academic performance across semesters. Finally, we design a bias-based regularization to smooth the job market biases. We conduct extensive experiments on a large-scale educational dataset and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our prediction framework.

The Role of Social Capital in the Employability of University Graduates in Zambia: A Case of University of Zambia Graduates

The research presented in this paper was designed to investigate the role of social capital in the employability of University Graduates in Zambia: A Case of University of Zambia Graduates. The study focused on the period between the years 2000 and 2015. In this study social capital was operationalised as social connections that can be used in search of jobs. Employability was operationalised as the ability to get employed or get a job. This research used a sequential mixed method research design to investigate the research problem. The study was carried out in the City of Lusaka. 208 University of Zambia Graduates and 16 employers participated in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire and interviews. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in the management and analysis of quantitative data while thematic analysis was applied in the analysis of qualitative data. The results from this study indicated that UNZA Graduates attach a lot of importance to the use of social connections in search of job opportunities in the labour market. However, only powerful social connections were effective in this process and were not available to everyone. The results also revealed that social connections through relatives and close friends were more effective in their employability than social connections through acquaintances and potential employers. In conclusion, this study showed that social connections facilitated by relatives and close friends through people of influence in society were more effective but, to a large extent, they depend on one’s social status.

Designing Organizations for Collaborative Relationships: the Amenability of Social Capital to Inter-Agency Collaboration in the Graduate Employment Context in Uganda

This paper discusses organizational social capital with the view that its amenability to collaboration creates trust, mutuality and reciprocal relational values upon which organizations may synchronize their efforts to create graduate employment opportunities. We adopted a cross-sectional survey design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. We conveniently collected data from staff and leaders of four organizations which were purposely selected to represent a cross-section of government, private and civil society organizations whose mandate touches on the employability of university graduates in the country in very direct ways. From a sample of 175 respondents, we received 105 filled questionnaires, representing a response rate of 62%. We observed that the extent to which the social capital components of trust, mutuality and reciprocal relations were amenable to interagency collaboration were low to sufficiently permit collaborative relationships upon which synergy between agencies would enhance the creation of graduate employment opportunities. The implication of this study is that we have been trained to foster self-sufficiency, individual competence, individual brilliance and independence through the pursuance of individual goals and actions. This greatly affects the trust, mutuality and reciprocal relationships that people/organizations develop with one another, consequently denying societies or organizations the opportunity to tap into the synergistic capital that would help people or organizations tackle the challenges that are beyond their individual capabilities.

Effect of Entrepreneurship Education for College Students in the Context of a Mobile Internet Environment

College students are having a difficult time in hunting a job upon graduation. The mobile Internet helps to promote the employment of college graduates. In an environment of mobile Internet, this paper clarifies the current state of Entrepreneurship Education (EE) for college students, and discusses the effectiveness of EE in the context of a mobile Internet environment. The results show that: mobile Internet enriches the substance of EE courses in colleges, improves the environment of EE, facilitates the provision of EE for college students, makes the EE model fairer, and promotes the reform of the model. In addition, the EE platform built for college students can be broken down into three layers: a data access layer, a business logic layer, and a user interface layer.

The Study of Employment Guidance and Service for College Students from the Perspective of “Three-wide Education”

Employment is related to people’s livelihood and is the foundation of social stability. Affected by the novel coronavirus pneumonia, 2020 is the most difficult year for employment in recent years. At the same time, the national departments made concerted effort to win the battle for the employment of college graduates. The total number of college graduates in 2021 is almost 90.9 million, and the number will continuously increase in 2022, while the employment situation is increasingly severe. Faced with new situation and new challenges, college and universities should build the employment guidance and service system guided by the concept of three-wide education, which means the whole staff should strive to promote employment through the whole process of education, and provide all-round guidance to graduates, so as to help them achieve high-quality and full employment.

Encouraging University Employees to Effectively Implement the Main Educational Programs of Higher Education

In this study, we formulate proposals for group motivation of teaching staff, aimed at increasing the attractiveness of the main educational programs of higher education among various categories of applicants, as well as the safety of the contingent of students and employment of university graduates. The research topic is relevant both in terms of theoretical and practical understanding of new approaches to motivating university staff in solving problems that contribute to improving the quality and demand for basic educational services in the market of higher education.

College Graduates Find Jobs Under the New Crown Epidemic Case Analysis

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has seriously affected the employment of college graduates. Starting from the actual work cases of counselors, this paper elaborates and analyzes the case summary, organization and implementation process, and work results, examines the difficulties faced, puts forward solutions, realizes accurate assistance, and discusses the new path of employment of college graduates.

Employment of University Graduates in Modern China: Expectations and Reality

The employment of China's tertiary education system’s graduates is considered, on the one hand, as a prerequisite for the implementation of the strategic goal set by the Chinese leadership – turning the country into a global center for the development of new knowledge and technologies by 2035, and on the other, as a factor of ensuring social stability. The analysis shows that an increasingly serious problem is the contradiction between the prevailing ideas in Chinese society about importance of “high scholarship” and the structure of vacancies for graduates of universities and higher professional colleges in the labor market; between the ideas of graduates about what kind of knowledge and skills are in demand by employers, and the requirements imposed by employers on applicants while searching for qualified personnel.

Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Employment Quality of University Graduates by DEMATEL / ISM Method

To analyze how to improve the employment quality of university graduates and clarify the internal logical relationship between the influencing factors in the employment quality of university students through analyzing of the influencing factors on the employment quality of university students Based on the integrated DEMATEL / ISM method. Commuters are assumed used DEMATEL method and Hierarchical structure model of influencing factors on employment quality of university graduates constructed by ISM for obtaining the influence degree. Describe the causal relationship of the factors affecting the employment quality of university graduates, hierarchical logical structure of factors affecting university graduate employment quality. The results show that the employment recommendation service and subsidy of government, cooperation of university and enterprise, vocational planning and education of university, employee Brand construction of enterprise, independent s employment willingness are the direct factors that effect the employment quality of college students, and should be given priority attention

Comparative Analysis of the Process of Training Education Managers in Educational Institutions

Context: A significant part of future specialists receive only practical skills without formal practical exam situation. In this regard, there is a need to train a manager who can adapt and be ready to carry out his/her activities in a specific profile interaction. The aim of the experimental study was to develop and test the advanced working hypothesis about the possibility of effective formation of readiness for future self-realisation of future education managers.Approach: The work uses mathematical methods for testing the hypothesis of testing the readiness of education managers with verification of competency type.Findings: The novelty of the study is determined by what the authors are considering "the possibility of training a manager in accordance" including not only the standards for the provision of educational services to the population, but also the possibility of introducing world-class training standards. The authors show that the basis for such a development may be the readiness to work in a globalised environment. The dynamics of changes in the indicators of the levels of readiness for professional self-realization of students studying in the control and experimental groups from the first to the fourth year were compiled and recorded. The methodology of vocational training of students for the purpose of their self-realisation during training has been specified. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that integration with the global educational environment should be based on international standards for the provision of educational services. Conclusion: The results of this research can be useful and interesting to international readers, as the parameters of educational and methodological support have been developed and tested, which contains a set of situational exercises to form readiness for professional self-realisation for future education managers. Also, the conducted analysis indicated serious problems with the employment of university graduates both in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in the Republic of Lithuania.

Analysis of Social Effects on Employment Promotion Policies for College Graduates Based on Data Mining for Online Use Review in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

As an important part of human resources, college graduates are the most vigorous, energetic, and creative group in society. The employment of college graduates is not only related to the vital interests of graduates themselves and the general public, but also related to the sustainable and healthy development of higher education and the country’s prosperity through science and education. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019 has left China’s domestic labor and employment market in severe condition, which has a significant impact on the employment of college graduates. Based on the situation, the Chinese government has formulated a series of employment promotion policies for college graduates in accordance with local conditions to solve the current difficulties in employment of college graduates during the COVID-19Pandemic. Do these policies meet the expectations of the people? Is the policy implementation process reasonable? All these issues need to be tested and clarified urgently. This paper takes the employment promotion policy of college graduates under the COVID-19 as the research object, uses the PMC index model to screen the policy texts, obtains two perfect policy texts, and uses the Weibo comments to construct the evaluation model of policy measures support degree to analyze the social effects of employment promotion policies for college graduates. The results show that the public’s support degree with the employment promotion policies for college graduates under COVID-19 needs to be improved. Among them, the public has a neutral attitude towards position measures and transference measures but is obviously dissatisfied with subsidy measures and channel measures. Finally, suggestions for improving policy are given to make the employment policy in line with public opinion and effectively relieve the job hunting pressure of college graduates.

The nature of the influence of digitalization and artificial intelligence on the sociocultural environment and education in the conditions of the pandemic: views of students of generation Z Russia and Slovakia

The high dynamics of changes in the socio-cultural environment under the influence of the digitalization of society and the introduction of artificial intelligence requires a timely study of emerging phenomena and problems for a quick and adequate response. Despite the fact that today, management decisions are made by representatives of the older generations, the near future will be shaped on the basis of the opinion of young people – generation Z (GenZ). The aim of the article was to study the nature of the impact of digitalization and artificial intelligence on the socio-cultural environment through the prism of the views of generation Z students. Research methods: a set of general scientific and special methods. The main empirical research methods were a sociological survey based on the online service Google Form, an in-depth interview, and a focus group using communication programs. The study was conducted with the involvement of Russian and Slovak students from GenZ, taking into account the restrictions associated with the COVID 19 pandemic. The sociological survey was conducted among students of 35 leading universities in Russia (n = 1881) and 2 universities in Slovakia n = 316 people. The selection of respondents was made by the “snowball” method through a chain of redirecting questionnaires to generation Z students and attracting additional subjects to the study. As a result of the study, it was found that the impact of digitalization and artificial intelligence on society is complex, contradictory and ambiguous, the depth and extent of the impact of which has not yet been studied. For the first time, the authors revealed the similarities and differences in the positions of Russian and Slovak students of GenZ in their various combinations. There was revealed a statistical significance between the factorial and effective signs (p <0.001) with a very high positive correlation. Pearson's correlation coefficient is in the range R = 0.973-9902. At the same time, 66% of Russian and 65% of Slovak GenZ believe that digitalization of society and AI will create favorable conditions for the training and development of youth, employment of university graduates; 55% of Slovak respondents (against 42% of Russian) believe that these processes will deepen social inequality in society. Risks of a decrease in human intellectual abilities have been identified against the background of digitalization and AI coverage of the entire social environment, but they have not yet reached their peak values. As a result, the main factors influencing the socio-cultural environment were formulated, the dependence in the triad system "student-teacher-university administration" was revealed: the longer distance education lasts in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic, the less students are willing to return to the offline format. The following trends were revealed: growth of some advantage of generation Z in employment in the context of digitalization and the introduction of artificial intelligence against the backdrop of the COVID 19 pandemic; reducing the time of interaction with the digital environment, monitor screens for rich people. The results obtained in the future are applicable to the development of the theory of digitalization and the use of artificial intelligence in the social environment, the upbringing of generation Z.

Determinant Social-Emotional Skills for the Employability in the Graduates of the Continental University

Nowadays, the labor market is more demanding and dynamic, therefore social-emotional skills become a key factor for the employability of university graduates. In that sense, this research had as population of analysis the graduates from 2003 to 2016 of the professional careers of Administration and Systems and Computer of the Continental University. According to the findings, the importance of the competencies of self-awareness, self-management, awareness of others, social skills and responsible decision-making is evident, skills that are part of the methodology of Socio-Emotional Learning (SEL). The qualitative method was used, with a non-experimental design of the descriptive transversal type, applying the Delphi survey and prospective method as a data collection technique. As a result of the research, it is observed that the most valued and important competence for employers is Responsible Decision-Making for both careers, with 41% in Administration and 47% in Systems and Computer Engineering. In the case of the Systems and Computer Engineering career, it coincides with the ability that graduates of this degree have developed during their university career, while graduates of the Administration degree have more developed Social Skills by 39.3%.

Research on Promoting the Employment of College Graduates with Ideological and Political Education in the New Situation

The employment of graduates is an issue of widespread concern in society. Graduates are in the transitional period from school to society. Aiming at the problems existing in the employment of graduates, combined with the important promotion significance of ideological and political education on the employment of graduates, the ideological and political education of graduates is closely integrated with the employment work. Relevant measures to achieve high-quality employment for graduates.

Employment of university graduates participating in external academic mobility programs

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to understand the role of academic mobility of graduates of Kazakhstani universities in increasing their competitiveness in employment. This article is devoted to the analysis of the employment of university graduates who have had external academic mobility programs. The study of the role of academic mobility of graduates of Kazakhstani universities in the process of their further employment was carried out on the basis of an analysis of some research results conducted on the basis of the Center for the Bologna Process and Academic Mobility of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (СBP&AM) in 2012–2013, as well as the results of a survey of students in a number of Kazakhstani universities conducted by the authors on the basis of the South Kazakhstan University in 2020. The analysis of various factors and measures influencing the increase in the efficiency of academic mobility of university graduates is carried out. As a result of the questionnaire survey, it was found that the majority of university graduates who were trained under the program of academic mobility in foreign universities were able to find a job rather quickly. It is concluded that the lack of funding for tuition does not always contribute to the choice of a strong partner university by students for internship under the academic mobility program. As a result of the study, the authors made a proposal that universities need to strengthen their work to assist in employment on the basis of mutually beneficial partnerships with employers, as well as to ensure that the competencies acquired by students abroad meet the requirements of the labor market in Kazakhstan.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Employment and Further Study Status of University Graduates: Evidence From a Higher Educational Institute of Nepal

Background: There has been a tremendous expansion of higher education in Nepal over the years and this expansion has increased the number of graduates entering the job markets. 
 Objective: Within this context, the objective of this paper is to find socioeconomic determinants of employment and opportunities for further studies on the status of management graduates of Pokhara University, a relatively young university in Nepal.
 Method: The survey instrument was adapted using the questionnaire developed by the University Grants Commission of Nepal. The primary data was collected from 261 graduates, who were graduated in 2017 and 2018, from the School of Business, Pokhara University. The determinants of being employed and pursuing higher study were carried out using logistic regression analysis.
 Result: Of the total 261 respondents, the study had a well-balanced gender distribution with females making up 51%, a majority (58%) of respondents were from Bachelor level, and Brahmin comprised around half. Most of the graduates (87%) are being involved either in a job or pursuing further studies. Nearly one-third (31%) of the graduates were pursuing further studies. The logistic regression analysis revealed that gender and graduation level are significant predictors of employment and pursuing further study. Male graduates are more likely to be employed compared to female graduates (Adjusted Odds Ratio=1.44). In contrast, concerning pursuing further study, being females, they are 56% more likely to pursue their further study compared to male graduates (Adjusted Odds Ratio=1.56).
 Conclusion: The status of management graduates is very good as most of the graduates (87%) are already employed or pursuing further studies. However, male graduates have better job opportunities than female graduates and this indicates the socio-economic status such as gender discrimination that reflects the national scenario.