Universite De Montreal Research Articles

Maurice Tardif - trajetória de um pesquisador: entre profissionalização do ensino, pensamento crítico e riscos contemporâneos

This text presents the academic trajectory of professor, intellectual and researcher Maurice Tardif, from the Universite de Montreal (University of Montreal) in Canada, through an interview conducted by Samuel de Souza Neto and Eliana Ayoub in May 2017. Maurice Tardif has been dedicating his reflections and research to educational issues related to teaching knowledge, professional training, the division of labor at school, as well as professional insertion and teaching professions in the school context. He discusses the professionalization of teaching, questioning the fact that this process does not emerge from the teachers, but from inductions by the state or movements to value teaching, challenging teachers to fight for their own professional identity. In addition to the creation of research centers, such as the Center de Recherche Interuniversitaire sur la Formation et la Profession Enseignante (Crifpe – Center for Interuniversity Research on Education and the Teaching Profession), what is observed is the birth of a school of thought, the Quebec School on Training and Teaching Profession.

“We Do Not Want Him Because He Is a Jew”: The Montreal Interns' Strike of 1934

Speeches by modern-day White supremacists often include such statements as "Jews will not replace us." In 1934, the French-speaking medical interns of Montreal's Roman Catholic hospitals went on strike because, they alleged, a Jew "replaced" a Roman Catholic French Canadian. Anti-Semitic social and economic boycotts and educational quotas were in existence in Canada from the 19th through the mid-20th century. There were particularly strong anti-immigrant and anti-Semitic feelings in the first half of the 20th century in Quebec, along with anti-Semitic pro-fascist political parties. In 1934, Montreal's Hôpital Notre-Dame (HND), a teaching hospital of the Université de Montréal (UM) medical school, was unable to hire a full complement of medical interns from among the newly graduated French-speaking Roman Catholic medical students. The hospital hired a French-speaking Jewish graduate of UM, Samuel Rabinovitch. The prospective interns at HND submitted a petition demanding that Rabinovitch be fired, stating, "We do not want him because he is a Jew." On 14 and 15 June 1934, HND's interns went on strike to prevent Rabinovitch from taking up his duties. The strike spread to multiple hospitals in Montreal. A Jewish urology trainee at the Hôtel Dieu hospital, Abram Stilman, was also targeted. Rabinovitch resigned in order to bring the strike to an end. The strike buttressed the case in the first half of the 20th century for American and Canadian Jewish hospitals and medical schools to ensure the education of Jewish physicians, reminds us of the origins of the slogans of modern White supremacists, and reinforces the historical basis of efforts to promote diversity and inclusion in medical education.

Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among School and Daycare Children: Baseline Results From a Cohort Study in Montreal, Canada

Background: Montreal was one of the highest COVID-19 burdened cities in Canada during the first and second waves of the pandemic. We estimated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and teenagers in four neighbourhoods of Montreal, Canada.Methods: All children attending selected schools and daycares within the four neighbourhoods were invited to participate in the study. Study participation included an online questionnaire that parents completed, followed by at-home dried blood spot (DBS) collection. Serological results were analyzed using a research-based ELISA assay. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression models to calculate average marginal effects and robust standard errors to account for clustering by school or daycare. Several different sociodemographic differences were examined between the seronegative and seropositive children.Findings: There were 30 daycares, 22 primary schools, and 11 secondary schools that participated in the study with 1,632 participants having provided a DBS sample that was of sufficient quality for the serological analysis. The average seroprevalence was 5·8% (95%CI 4·6 to 7·0) but increased over time from 3·2% (95% CI 0·7 to 5·8) in October-November 2020 to 8.4% (95% CI 4·4 to 12·4) in March-April 2021. The children of visible minority parents were nearly twice as likely to be seropositive as children of non-visible minority parents (1·93, 95%CI 1·11 to 2·75). Interpretation: Our results provide a benchmark of the seroprevalence status in Canadian children and provide further evidence of COVID-19 inequities. It will be important to continue monitoring the serological status of children, particularly in the context of new COVID-19 variants of concern and in the absence of mass vaccination campaigns targeting young children.Funding Information: Public Health Agency of Canada through the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force.Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no competing interests.Ethics Approval Statement: All participants provided informed consent for the survey and ethics approval was received from the research ethics boards of the Université de Montréal and the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine.

Interview with Aleksandra Kaminska

Aleksandra Kaminska is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication at the Universite de Montreal, Canada, where she also co-directs the Artefact Lab and the Bricolab. Her research is ...

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy: The CONCEPTION Study – Phase I

Background: Mental health regional differences during pregnancy through the COVID-19 pandemic are understudied. The first phase of CONCEPTION cohort aims to compare country-specific mental health status in pregnant women following the start of the pandemic.Methods: Pregnant women, >18 years were recruited, and data collected using a web-based strategy. Although Canadian women were primarily targeted, pregnant women worldwide were eligible. The current analysis includes data on women enrolled between 06/2020-11/2020. Self-reported data included COVID-19 testing/diagnosis, mental health measures (Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD-7)), prenatal care/birth plan changes. We compared maternal mental health stratifying on country/continents of residence; and identified determinants of mental health with multivariable linear regression models.Findings: Of 2,109 pregnant women recruited (mean gestational age, 24·7 weeks (SD 9·7)), 1,932 were from Canada, 48 the United States (US), 73 Europe, 35 Africa, and 21 Asia/Oceania. Among the 226 pregnant women who were tested for SARS-CoV-2, 26 were positive (11·5% test positivity rate); COVID-19 prevalence was 1·2% (26/2,109). Mean depressive symptom scores were lower in Canada (EPDS 8·2, SD 5·2) compared to the US (EPDS 10·5, SD 4·8) and Europe (EPDS 10·4, SD 6·5) (pInterpretation: In this first international study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, CONCEPTION has shown significant country/continent-specific variations in depression and anxiety during pregnancy. Given that gestational depression/anxiety have been associated with preterm birth and childhood cognitive problems, strategies are needed to reduce COVID-19’s mental health burden. Funding: Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Canada.Declaration of Interests: We declare no competing interests.Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the CHU Sainte-Justine's Research Ethics Committee, which autorized worldwide recruitment of subjects.

Comparison of different exercise testing modalities to determine maximal aerobic speed in amateur soccer players

In this study, we aimed to examine the maximal aerobic speed (sVO 2max ) prediction capability of different modalities in amateur soccer players. Eighteen male soccer players with at least 3 years of training experience were recruited. Players randomly attended the following 4 testing sessions: Yoyo intermittent recovery test-1 (IRT1), multistage 20 m shuttle test (20-MST), 5 minutes Time Trial (5 min TT) and Université de Montréal Track test (UMTT). Differences and relationships between values of UMTT sVO 2max and final speed (FS) recorded with the Yoyo IRT1 and 20-MST, mean speed of 5 min TT and sVO 2max equations suggested in literature were tested. sVO 2max obtained with UMTT was significantly different to that obtained with Yoyo IRT1, 20-MST and 5 min TT (−1.7 ± 0.8, 2.1 ± 0.7, −0.6 ± 1.1 km.h −1 respectively, p < 0.05). The highest correlations were found between UMTT sVO 2max and 20-MST FS ( r = 0.70) and Yoyo FS ( r = 0.69). The Bland–Altman plots showed high bias when comparing sVO 2max UMTT with Yoyo IRT1 and 20-MST FS, indicating that these two methods systematically generate different results. The 5 min TT had the smallest bias and the largest limits of agreement with UMTT sVO 2max , whereas the FS Yoyo IRT1 and 20-MST methods had relatively narrow limits of agreement. Additionally, the regression equation model used for predicting sVO 2max was more robust using Yoyo IRT1 results (R 2 = 0.70 vs. R 2 = 0.63 for 20-MST). These findings suggest that after sVO 2max prediction using the provided equations, coaches may establish precise aerobic training loads in such population. Dans cette étude, nous avons examiné la ou les modalités de test d’effort permettant de déterminer la vitesse maximale aérobie (sVO 2max ) et de prédire cette vitesse auprès de footballeurs amateurs. Dix-huit joueurs de football masculins avec au moins 3 ans d’expérience d’entraînement ont été recrutés. Les joueurs ont assisté au hasard aux 4 séances de test suivantes : Yoyo intermittent recovery test-1 (IRT1), multi-stage 20 m shuttle test (20-MST), 5 minutes Time Trial (5 min TT) et Université de Montréal Track test (UMTT). Les différences et les relations entre les valeurs de sVO 2max obtenues par l’UMTT, la vitesse finale (FS) obtenues avec le Yoyo IRT1 et 20-MST, la vitesse moyenne de 5 min TT et les équations de sVO 2max suggérées dans la littérature ont été analysées. La sVO 2max obtenue avec l’UMTT était significativement différente de celles obtenues avec les tests Yoyo IRT1, 20-MST et 5 min TT (−1.7 ± 0.8; 2.1 ± 0.7; −0.6 ± 1.1 km.h −1 respectivement, p < 0,05). Les corrélations les plus élevées ont été trouvées entre sVO 2max UMTT et 20-MST FS ( r = 0.70) et Yoyo FS ( r = 0.69). Les graphiques de Bland–Altman ont montré un biais élevé lors de la comparaison de sVO 2max UMTT avec Yoyo IRT1 FS et 20-MST, indiquant que ces 2 méthodes génèrent systématiquement des résultats différents. Le TT de 5 min avait le plus petit biais et les plus grandes limites d’accord avec sVO 2max UMTT, tandis que les méthodes FS Yoyo IRT1 et 20-MST avaient des limites d’accord relativement étroites. De plus, le modèle d’équation de régression utilisé pour prédire sVO 2max était plus robuste en utilisant les résultats de Yoyo IRT1 (R 2 = 0.70 vs R 2 = 0.63 pour 20-MST). Ces résultats suggèrent que sur la base de la prédiction de sVO 2max obtenue via les équations fournies, les entraîneurs peuvent établir des charges d’entraînement en endurance plus précises et personnalisées auprès de cette population de footballeurs amateurs.

Abomasitis in calves: A retrospective cohort study of 23 cases (2006‐2016)

BackgroundAbomasitis is a syndrome affecting young milk‐fed calves. The current veterinary literature describes mainly its necropsy findings.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical presentation, complementary tests, treatments, and case‐fatality rate of calves with a clinical diagnosis of abomasitis and to identify potential factors associated with outcome.MethodsObservational retrospective cohort study (2006‐2016). Review of the medical records of calves <3 months of age presented with abdominal and abomasal distension for <7 days that were clinically diagnosed with abomasitis at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Université de Montréal. A follow‐up examination was conducted by telephone interview.AnimalsTwenty‐three calves clinically diagnosed with abomasitis.ResultsMedian age of presentation was 3 days (range, 0‐62 days). The typical duration of the clinical course was <24 hours (15/23). On admission, the 2 most common clinical signs were anorexia (13/14) and positive succussion (13/14). Hyper‐l‐lactatemia (15/16) and increased γ‐glutamyl‐transferase activity (13/14) were the most common laboratory abnormalities. Hypoproteinemia (19/22) and a left shift (15/18) of the neutrophils also were observed. The short‐term case‐fatality rate was 52% (12/23). The clinical diagnosis was confirmed on all necropsied calves. Clostridium spp. and Escherichia coli were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Based on univariate statistical analysis, the surviving calves were significantly (P < .05) less hypothermic, less acidemic, less hyper‐l‐lactatemic, and had lower serum creatinine concentrations on admission than did the deceased calves.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn our study, abomasitis was associated with a guarded prognosis.

Assessment of the maximal aerobic speed in young elite soccer players: Université de Montréal Track Test (UM-TT) vs. treadmill test

Summary Objective The main aim of this study was to examine the association between the Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS) measured by the Universite de Montreal Track Test (UM-TT) and on a running treadmill test in young elite soccer players. Equipment and methods Fourteen U-16 male soccer players (mean ± SD: age = 15.5 ± 0.7 years; height = 1.76 ± 0.5 m; weight = 67.7 ± 4.5 kg) from a Spanish First Division club academy participated in the study. The participants were submitted to the Universite de Montreal Track Test (UM-TT) and an intermittent treadmill test with a one-week interval. Results The MASs, the speed at the last completed stage (16.6 ± 0.8 km h−1) and calculated using the formula of Kuipers et al. (17.2 ± 0.7 km h−1), were substantially higher (Effect size > 0.8) than that measured on the treadmill (15.9 ± 0.9 km h−1). The MAS measured by the UM-TT correlated highly (r > 0.6) with the MAS measured on the treadmill. Conclusion Despite the large association between both values, the MAS measured by the UM-TT differs considerably from the MAS measured on a running treadmill in young elite soccer players. It suggests that, in soccer training, caution should be applied when using the velocity of the MAS measured on the UM-TT or in a laboratory interchangeably.

A program to further integrate mental health into primary care: lessons learned from a pilot trial in Tunisia

# Background Tunisia is a lower-middle-income country located in North Africa. Since the 2010-2011 Revolution, a campaign of civil resistance to protest high levels of youth unemployment, difficult living conditions, and government corruption, a rise in mental health problems, substance use disorders, and suicide attempts/deaths has been recorded. To address untreated mental health symptoms, a mental health training program was offered to primary care physicians (PCPs) working in the Greater Tunis area of Tunisia, a collaboration between members of the Tunisian Ministry of Health, the *School of Public Health* at the *Universite de Montreal* (Quebec, Canada), the *World Health Organization* (*WHO*) office in Tunisia, and the *Montreal WHO-PAHO Collaborating Center (CC) for Research and Training in Mental Health* (Quebec, Canada). # Program description The training was based on the *Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) Intervention Guide (IG)*, a program developed by the *WHO* to help further develop the mental health competencies of non-specialists working in non-specialized settings. Our team adapted the *mhGAP-IG* training to the primary care realities of the Greater Tunis area, offered the training program to PCPs between February and April 2016, and evaluated the program using a randomized controlled trial and implementation analysis. # Discussion The adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of the training program equipped our team with important lessons learned, supported by evidence in the field of *Global Mental Health*. First, developing partnerships helped create a feasible program that met the practical and research needs of the country. Second, benefitting from political commitment to mental health facilitated the development of partnerships, the implementation of the training program, and the training's accompanying evaluation. Third, piloting the program helped identify challenges attributed to the training program and its implementation, the mental health care system, and the research tools, information that may be used to build back better. Last, sharing research findings collaboratively helped ensure their validity and encouraged greater knowledge uptake. # Conclusion We hope that sharing such lessons learned will aid other countries with similar profiles to develop and/or adapt, implement, and evaluate programs that target untreated mental health symptoms in primary and community-based settings and hence address priorities in *Global Mental Health*.

Un nationalisme tourné vers l’Amérique et les colonies : l’exportation du « Roman canadien » des Éditions Édouard Garand

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; En 1923, Édouard Garand fonde à Montréal une maison d’édition destinée à promouvoir la littérature canadienne au sein de la classe populaire et francophone à travers le pays. Gérard Malchelosse, membre du comité éditorial, dira à propos des visées de l’entreprise qu’elle promeut «une édition canadienne de Romans canadiens, écrits pour des Canadiens par des Canadiens et imprimés au Canada par des Canadiens. C’est une entreprise nationale destinée à fournir un stimulant de patriotisme, tout en aidant les auteurs de chez nous en propageant leurs ouvrages». Bien que cet ancrage résolument nationaliste pourrait laisser croire que les Éditions Édouard Garand s’adressent exclusivement à un public local, l’étude de la distribution de la collection « Le Roman canadien » nous informe sur ses réseaux commerciaux de distribution particulièrement étendus : au premier temps de ce rayonnement extérieur se trouvent les villes des colonies françaises et britanniques, ainsi que l’Amérique, depuis New York jusqu’à Buenos Aires.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; L’article propose d’étudier ces réseaux en regard de leurs positionnements coloniaux, politiques et marchands, tout en mettant en contexte ce rayonnement par rapport aux activités d’exportation de livres canadiens de l’époque. L’étude des documents du Fonds Édouard-Garand (Université de Montréal) permet de constater la mise en place de deux réseaux distincts. Dès 1926, on annonce que les Romans canadiens sont vendus dans des points de dépôt en France, en Grande-Bretagne, mais aussi, de manière plus surprenante, à Saigon, à Alger et au Cap. L’éditeur semble alors exploiter les réseaux marchands de comptoirs coloniaux français et britanniques pour participer à la diffusion, au sein de différentes librairies francophones, de la littérature canadienne outremer. Puis, à partir de 1944, alors que la France est encore sous l’Occupation, Montréal devient la plaque tournante de l’édition francophone mondiale, et Garand en profite pour ouvrir de nouveaux réseaux de distribution vers l’Amérique latine, convoquant un ensemble de relations diplomatiques et politiques canadiennes. L’éditeur cible alors notamment les dépositaires en Argentine, au Chili, en Colombie, à Cuba et au Pérou, par le biais des représentants commerciaux et des fonctionnaires du Ministère des Affaires extérieures du Canada. Cette entreprise ne vise toutefois pas, chez l’éditeur, une inscription dans des réseaux d’échanges intellectuels et culturels suivant l’axe nord-sud, étudiés notamment par Michel Lacroix et Michel Nareau. Résolument commercial, le système mis en place par Édouard Garand touche moins l’économie du savoir que la mise en marché de produits littéraires.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

La Revue moderne, creuset de la littérature en régime médiatique dans les années 1950 au Québec

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; En 1923, Édouard Garand fonde à Montréal une maison d’édition destinée à promouvoir la littérature canadienne au sein de la classe populaire et francophone à travers le pays. Gérard Malchelosse, membre du comité éditorial, dira à propos des visées de l’entreprise qu’elle promeut «une édition canadienne de Romans canadiens, écrits pour des Canadiens par des Canadiens et imprimés au Canada par des Canadiens. C’est une entreprise nationale destinée à fournir un stimulant de patriotisme, tout en aidant les auteurs de chez nous en propageant leurs ouvrages». Bien que cet ancrage résolument nationaliste pourrait laisser croire que les Éditions Édouard Garand s’adressent exclusivement à un public local, l’étude de la distribution de la collection « Le Roman canadien » nous informe sur ses réseaux commerciaux de distribution particulièrement étendus : au premier temps de ce rayonnement extérieur se trouvent les villes des colonies françaises et britanniques, ainsi que l’Amérique, depuis New York jusqu’à Buenos Aires.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; L’article propose d’étudier ces réseaux en regard de leurs positionnements coloniaux, politiques et marchands, tout en mettant en contexte ce rayonnement par rapport aux activités d’exportation de livres canadiens de l’époque. L’étude des documents du Fonds Édouard-Garand (Université de Montréal) permet de constater la mise en place de deux réseaux distincts. Dès 1926, on annonce que les Romans canadiens sont vendus dans des points de dépôt en France, en Grande-Bretagne, mais aussi, de manière plus surprenante, à Saigon, à Alger et au Cap. L’éditeur semble alors exploiter les réseaux marchands de comptoirs coloniaux français et britanniques pour participer à la diffusion, au sein de différentes librairies francophones, de la littérature canadienne outremer. Puis, à partir de 1944, alors que la France est encore sous l’Occupation, Montréal devient la plaque tournante de l’édition francophone mondiale, et Garand en profite pour ouvrir de nouveaux réseaux de distribution vers l’Amérique latine, convoquant un ensemble de relations diplomatiques et politiques canadiennes. L’éditeur cible alors notamment les dépositaires en Argentine, au Chili, en Colombie, à Cuba et au Pérou, par le biais des représentants commerciaux et des fonctionnaires du Ministère des Affaires extérieures du Canada. Cette entreprise ne vise toutefois pas, chez l’éditeur, une inscription dans des réseaux d’échanges intellectuels et culturels suivant l’axe nord-sud, étudiés notamment par Michel Lacroix et Michel Nareau. Résolument commercial, le système mis en place par Édouard Garand touche moins l’économie du savoir que la mise en marché de produits littéraires.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Charlotte Tassé et Bernadette Lépine, fondatrices à part entière de l’Institut Albert-Prévost

En septembre 1919, quelques semaines seulement après son ouverture, le sanatorium du Dr Albert Prévost accueillait sa toute première garde-malade. Charlotte Tassé n’avait alors que 26 ans. Elle revenait de six mois de spécialisation aux États-Unis et intégrait la petite institution de soins pour malades nerveux pour seulement deux semaines. Elle y restera finalement 44 ans ! Rapidement devenue indispensable au Dr Prévost, alors occupé par ses importantes responsabilités au sein de l’Université de Montréal et de l’Hôpital Notre-Dame, la jeune garde s’imposa en effet comme le coeur même de cette petite maison de santé. À la mort du neurologue, en 1926, c’est d’ailleurs elle qui assura la continuité du bon fonctionnement de l’institution, avec l’aide d’une nouvelle recrue, une jeune garde-malade du nom de Bernadette Lépine. Vingt ans plus tard, en 1945, les deux femmes sauvèrent même l’institution de la faillite en la rachetant sur leurs fonds propres. Elles transformèrent alors profondément son organisation et renforcèrent son offre de formation, réussissant, en quelques années seulement, à en faire l’un des principaux et des plus avant-gardistes centres de soins et de formation psychiatriques du Québec. Mais l’arrivée à la fin des années 1950 d’un jeune et ambitieux psychiatre du nom de Camille Laurin allait bousculer la stabilité établie de l’établissement, et progressivement faire oublier le rôle central qu’y jouèrent les gardes-malades. C’est sur l’histoire de ces femmes et de leur contribution majeure à l’histoire de l’Institut Albert-Prévost que cet article entend revenir.

De la psychanalyse à la psychothérapie psychodynamique à Albert-Prévost

Objectifs Cet article décrit dans un premier temps les contributions du Dr Camille Laurin au développement des services psychiatriques à Albert-Prévost et plus spécifiquement le rôle qu’il a joué dans la promotion de la psychanalyse comme pensée ordonnatrice des soins thérapeutiques dans ce milieu. Dans un deuxième temps, la pratique de la psychothérapie psychodynamique est abordée à partir des enjeux contemporains liés à la médecine basée sur les données probantes, les neurosciences et le développement des technologies de la communication. Les modalités actuelles d’enseignement de l’approche psychodynamique à Albert-Prévost sont également introduites. Méthode Dans la première partie, une recherche biographique a été effectuée. Dans la seconde, une revue de la littérature a été présentée. Résultats Dr Camille Laurin a joué un rôle de premier plan dans le développement de la pensée psychanalytique à Albert-Prévost. Son héritage demeure bien vivant ainsi qu’en témoignent les divers stages et activités de formation offerts dans ce domaine au Centre de psychothérapie de cette institution. L’efficacité de la psychothérapie dynamique comme méthode de traitement est confirmée depuis maintenant plusieurs années. Les neurosciences et la psychanalyse bénéficient d’une ouverture à un dialogue interdisciplinaire. Le développement des technologies de la communication et de l’intelligence artificielle est appelé à modifier éventuellement la pratique de la psychothérapie. Conclusion Les principes théoriques associés à la psychanalyse sont encore aujourd’hui enseignés à tous les résidents en psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal. Dr Camille Laurin a joué un rôle essentiel dans le développement de cette approche à Albert-Prévost et plus généralement au Département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal.

Jacques Genest Sr

Dr Jacques Genest Sr, one of the pioneers of the hypertension research field, passed away peacefully at the age of 98 years in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on January 5, 2018. Dr Genest is survived by his wife Estelle, his children Paul, Suzanne, Jacques Jr, Marie, and Helene, as well as 12 grandchildren and 7 great-grandchildren. Jacques Genest Sr was born in Montreal on May 29, 1919. He studied medicine at the Universite de Montreal before going on to specialize in internal medicine, endocrinology, and nephrology at Harvard Medical School, Johns Hopkins Hospital, and The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. Jacques Genest was one of the giants of hypertension research of the 20th century. He was also a major force in medicine, science, and education in Quebec and Canada throughout his career. His contributions to the mechanisms of hypertension were major, starting with his article in Science on the …

Successful management of a neck hematoma following simulation training

Simulation-based education is gaining widespread acceptance in many medical specialties as an effective method to teach technical and non-technical skills. The ultimate goal of simulation is to improve health care and patient safety. Boet et al. [1] published a review on simulation-based crisis resources management (CRM) teaching, looking for evidence that it can lead to improved workplace practices and patient safety. Amongst hundreds of studies pertaining to CRM, he found only nine that were relevant, and only one that showed reduced mortality. Elaborating and putting forward studies designed to measure the impact of simulation on patient safety and outcomes is by no mean an easy task [2]. Indeed, most studies present various problems, such as biases introduced by the use of historical cohorts rather than control groups, and sample sizes based on convenience rather than power analysis. Furthermore, many significant outcomes such as mortality and major morbidity rates need to be measured over an extended period of time, which leaves room for variables other than the introduction of a simulation-based teaching program to play a confounding role [2]. These are some of the reasons why the majority of publications in simulation-based teaching are focusing mostly if not exclusively on measuring participants’ satisfaction and performance in a simulated environment. At the Universite de Montreal, we developed surgical high-fidelity simulation-based CRM scenarios focusing on teamwork. The specific simulation based training on CRM, which includes this airway management scenario, is given only once a year, in the beginning of their second year of residency. This highly appreciated training [3] place surgical residents in rare and urgent situations, but within a safe simulated environment. One of these scenarios focuses on the management of neck hematoma after thyroidectomy. It teaches a step-by-step approach that emphasizes, amongst other things, the need for bedside evacuation in the setting of significant and life-threatening airway obstruction (figure 1). The purpose of this case report is to describe how a postgraduate year 3 (PGY 3) surgical residents used and credited the training acquired during a simulation-based CRM scenario for positively influencing a patient's outcome.

Web-Based Knowledge Transfer (KT) Strategies and Technology Issues: The Case of a Cooperative Oncology Project

While the scientific community has fully embraced new information and communication technologies, health facilities have everything to gain in following suit. However this does not happen without difficulty, although many access barriers continue to exist in institutions. A collaborative partnership research project research project of the Nursing network, a partner in care/Le Reseau infirmier un partenaire de soins (NNPIC/RIUPS) of the Universite de Montreal, Developing a clinical innovation in oncology: For a better continuum of care and services for cancer patients, has clearly highlighted this difficulty. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief illustration of the potential of using a web-based knowledge transfer strategy as part of a cooperative project as well as one of its key challenges arising from access barriers in institutions.

Tracking the creative process in music: New issues, new methods

Introduction to Musicae Scientiae special issue entitled 'Tracking the Creative Process in Music'. An increasingly complex image of the creative process in music has emerged in recent years. Composition remains, of course, a major part of the study of the creative process, but equally performance, improvisation, sound engineering, as well as many other areas and roles, are key to its understanding. Creativity is not just the stuff of western art music: virtually any genre or culture can be rich terrain for its study. We also need to investigate the psychology of musical creativities instead of thinking of creativity as a monolithic category. Moreover, the boundaries between disciplines, objects, and methodologies have been blurred. The present issue is intended to reflect, at least partially, on how the aforementioned changes, especially current developments in the study of performance as and in the creative process, affect the very definition of our objects and methods. It draws on empirical research presented at the 2nd Tracking the Creative Process in Music conference that was held jointly at the Faculty of Music, Universite de Montreal, and the Schulich School of Music, McGill University, in September 2013.

MB-23RECURRENT SHH/TP53 MUTANT MEDULLOBLASTOMA TREATED WITH A COMBINATION OF LITHIUM AND RADIATION THERAPY

MB-23. RECURRENT SHH/TP53 MUTANT MEDULLOBLASTOMA TREATED WITH A COMBINATION OF LITHIUM AND RADIATION THERAPY Anne-Sophie Carret1, Louis Crevier2, Yvan Samson1, Benjamin Ellezam3, and Anne-Marie Charpentier4; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine/Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Sainte-Justine/ Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, CHU Sainte-Justine/Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada INTRODUCTION: TP53 mutations remain a poor prognotic factor and account for a high proportion of the treatment failure in SHH subgroup medulloblatoma. Poor survival of patients with P53 mutant medulloblastoma may be related to radiation/chemotherapy resistance. Lithium, an activator of the WNT pathway, sensitizes TP53 mutant medulloblastoma to radiation. CASE REPORT: a 12-yo boy presented with left localized hemispheric medulloblastoma. After a complete excision of the tumour he was randomized and treated according to COGACNS0331 and received a standard-dose craniospinal radiation with a boost to the entire posterior fossa, followed by maintenance chemotherapy. Patient was considered in complete remission. 15 months post-end of treatment, MRI showed a local recurrence. After 2 cycles of temozolomide, irinotecan and bevacizumab chemotherapy, patient had tumor progression. He then underwent a complete resection of the tumour. Pathology showed anaplastic type, SHH/TP53 mutant medulloblastoma. Due to the expected poor survival and the lackof known and consensual curative treatment, the patient was treated with a combination of therapeutic dose of lithium and focal radiation therapy to a dose of 54 Gy. One year later, the patient remains asymptomatic and, in complete remission. CONCLUSION: Lithium combined to radiation therapy may represent an interesting therapeutic avenue for higher risk groups of medulloblastoma in a context of a pilot study. Neuro-Oncology 18:iii97–iii122, 2016. doi:10.1093/neuonc/now076.21 #The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Stat Trek. An interview with Christian Genest

Christian Genest is Professor and Canada Research Chair in Stochastic Dependence Modeling at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. He studied mathematics and statistics at the Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi (BSpSc, 1974), the Universite deMontreal (MSc, 1978), and The University of British Columbia (PhD, 1983). Before joining McGill in 2010, he held academic posts at Carnegie Mellon University (1983–84), the University of Waterloo (1984–87), and Universite Laval (1987–2010). Over the years, he also held visiting positions in Belgium, France, Germany, and Switzerland. Christian’s primary research focus lies in multivariate analysis, nonparametric statistics, and extreme-value theory. He also collaborates regularly with researchers in insurance, finance, and hydrology. He has published extensively and earned various distinctions for his seminal and widely cited work in dependence modeling. In particular, he received the Statistical Society of Canada Gold Medal for Research in 2011 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2015. He has also served the profession in various capacities, e.g., as Director of the Institut des sciences mathematiques du Quebec, President of the Statistical Society of Canada, and Editor-in- Chief of The Canadian Journal of Statistics (1998–2000). He is the current Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Multivariate Analysis.

The Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (or the Virtual Times of a Postmodern Law)

the paper presents a critical perspective about the article “Le temps virtuel des lois postmodernes ou comment le droit se traite dans la societe de l’information” (“The Virtual Time of Postmodern Laws, or How the Law is Processed in the Information Society”), published by the philosopher and jurist Francois Ost, with the purpose of conducting a case study through the Brazilian law “Marco Civil da Internet” (“Civil Rights Framework for the Internet”). The article analyzes the profound changes in the way the law came to be produced and interpreted, in the passage from the forms of writing and printing based on paper to the forms of text processing and communication based on computers and networks. The law known as “Marco Civil da Internet” (Law 12,965 / 2014) was used here as a validity test of the main elements of the text under examination, by means of illustrations and references published by the international media, especially after the diplomatic incidents arising from the revelations of the electronic monitoring of international telecommunications, conducted by the National Agency of Security (NSA) of the United States of America. The study concludes that Ost’s article, published even before the Internet massification, can be considered as a premonitory insight about the changes in the operation and reproduction of law in the postmodern society, in which the hierarchical and pyramidal understanding of law moves to a distributed and networked understanding and * Doutorando em Direito na Universite de Montreal, Canada. Bolsista CAPES/Programa Ciencia sem Fronteiras. Email: cristiano.therrien@umontreal.ca ** Professor titular da Faculdade de Direito da Universite de Montreal e pesquisador do Centre de recherche en droit public. Email: pierre.trudel@umontreal.ca