Universidade Federal De Vicosa Research Articles

Toxicological Assessments of Agrochemicals in Stingless Bees in Brazil: a Systematic Review.

The growing concern with the decline of pollinators worldwide is centered on honey bees, due to their wide distribution, economic, and ecological importance. This type of concern remained less evident for stingless bees, which are widely distributed in the Neotropics, until recently. Since exposure to agrochemicals has been identified as one of the potential threats to bees, the present systematic review compiled information from toxicological evaluations in stingless bees in Brazil, home to a considerable portion of the existing species. This systematic review was performed considering species, research institutions, scientific journals, metrics, experimental set ups, and agrochemicals. The first article in this topic was published in 2010. Since then, 93 scientific papers were published, which showed that there are few species of stingless bees used for toxicological evaluations and Brazilian institutions lead these evaluations. Only 1.5% of the stingless bees' species that occur in Brazil were assessed through chronic exposure in the larval stage. The Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) is responsible for 37% of the total publications. The main route of exposure was acute, using adults in laboratory conditions. The main group of agrochemicals studied were insecticides, in particular the neonicotinoids. The current results reveal the advances achieved and point out the gaps that still need to be filled considering toxicological evaluations in stingless bees.

First Report of Cercospora apii sensu lato 'sp. Q' Leaf Spot on Hop in Brazil.

Hop - Humulus lupulus (Cannabaceae) - is an important and ancient, herbaceous, temperate, perennial crop. It is a vine which, although having other uses, is cultivated predominantly for the brewing industry (Laws 2013). Cultivation of hops in Brazil is relatively new and has increased in the last twenty years. There is only one published record of a fungal disease affecting hop in Brazil - powdery mildew (Fagherazzi et al 2021). In January 2021, leaf spots appeared on all eight hops plants ithe collection maintained in the Infectarium, a disease demonstration garden on the campus of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil (https://www.infectario.ufv.br/). Symptoms were small, sub-circular to irregular spots, up to 5 mm, with a whitish to grayish center, surrounded by a dark brown necrotic margin, followed by a narrow yellowish outer margin. Older lesions became larger, grayish-brown, coalesced leading to extensive necrosis and stem dieback. A sample was collected, dried in a plant press, and deposited in the Herbarium of UFV (Acc. No VIC 47534). A dematiaceous fungus was found sporulating in the center of the lesions, when examined with a dissecting microscope. Fungal structures were scraped with a scalpel, mounted in lactoglycerol and observed with a light microscope (Olympus BX51). A pure culture was obtained after conidia were transferred onto PDA plates with a sterile fine-pointed needle. A representative isolate was deposited in the culture collection of the UFV (COAD 3368). The fungus had the following morphology: conidiophores cylindrical, geniculate, proliferating sympodially, 53 to 380 µm × 3 to 6.5 µm, 3 to 15-septate, smooth, with thickened and dark conidial scars, brown; conidia acicular to filiform, 47 to 210 µm × 2.5 to 5 µm, 3 to 17-septate, thin‑walled, smooth, with thickened and dark hila, hyaline. This combination is typical of Cercospora apii sensu lato, as described by Crous and Braun (2003). Genomic DNA was extracted from a 7-day-old culture of COAD 3368 and three loci were PCR amplified, namely: actin (ACT), with 512-F and 783-R primers; calmodulin (CAL), using the primers 228F and 2Rd; and histone H3 gene (HIS3), with the primers CYLH3F and CYLH3R. PCR products were sequenced by Macrogen (Seoul, South Korea) and the resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank (OM677624, OM677625 and OM677626, respectively). A multilocus Bayesian phylogenetic grouped COAD 3368 with Cercospora 'sp. Q' (Groenewald et al. 2013). This is a yet unresolved species complex within C. apii. Six 6‑month‑old healthy hop plants (cv. Cascade) were sprayed with a COAD 3368 conidial suspension (105 conidia/ mL) whereas another group of six plants was sprayed with sterile distilled water, serving as controls. Plants were placed in a dew chamber for 5 days and then transferred to a greenhouse bench, where they were observed daily. Thirty days after inoculation, symptoms similar to those observed in the field had developed on all inoculated plants, whereas control plants remained healthy. The fungus growing on inoculated hops produced typical Cercospora conidiophores and conidia. Upon reisolation, pure cultures with the same morphology of COAD 3368 were obtained. There are no previous records of Cercospora 'sp. Q' on hops worldwide. Fungi in Cercospora 'sp. Q' are known to have a broad host-range. A previous record of Cercospora 'sp. Q' leaf spots was published from its observation on Dioscorea cayennensis in the Infectarium (Torres et al. 2016). Damage to the hop plants was severe and it is possible that Cercospora leaf spot will become an emerging threat to commercial hop plantations in Brazil.

THE INFLUENCE OF BRESSON’S DECISIVE MOMENT AND RODCHENKO’S CONSTRUCTIVISM ON SPORTS IMAGES

This photo shoot aims to apply the theories learned in the Photography class of Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) during the second semester of 2010. The Aleksander Rodchenko’s constructivist look was the starting point for the photographies about sports that were taken in Buritizal-SP. The photo shoot also intend to show possibilities of pictorial innovation in those instants called as decisive moments for Cartier Bresson, aiming to break the paradigm of that in the sports coverage is attempted to focus, with few exceptions, on simple plans and restricted angles in meaning.

Design I of Comstock and Robinson in the Emergence and Vigor of Sour Passion Fruit Seedlings

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the genetic influence of male parents in the expression of emergence and vigor traits of the sour passion fruit seedling, and to select the ones that contributed with the highest selection results. Controlled hybridizations were performed between genotypes of the Sour Passion Fruit Breeding Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) and commercial cultivars of the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa e Agropecuária (Embrapa) according to Design I of Comstock and Robinson. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 24 treatments and four replications (50 seeds). The number of emerged seedlings was calculated daily to calculate emergence percentage and emergence speed index, total length of seedling (cm), length of shoot (cm) and length of main root (cm), seedling dry mass and weight of 100 seeds. The analysis of variance was performed using the Hierarchical Design Model I of Comstock and Robinson, and the combined selection for estimation of genetic gains using GENES statistical program. The Design I of Comstock and Robinson was appropriate to predict the genetic values of seedling emergence and vigor traits. Selection gains were high for the traits such as, weight of 100 seeds and dry mass per seedling. Male parents 2 and 6 were selected for most combinations.

First report of Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of eucalyptus in Ecuador.

In January 2018, eucalyptus trees showing wilt symptoms were identified in a commercial plantation located in the Quevedo Cantón, Los Ríos province, Ecuador. Disease incidence reached 40% of the eucalyptus field and affected plants displayed reddening and wilting of the foliage, leaf drop, branch dieback, and reduced growth, resembling bacterial wilting symptoms (Santiago et al., 2014). Transverse sections made on trunks of wilted trees revealed vascular discoloration of the wood and bacterial ooze. Wood pieces taken from discoloured tissues were surface disinfected and macerated in sterilized distilled water. The resulting suspensions were spread on plates containing triphenyltetrazolium chloride medium (TZC) (Kelman, 1954) and incubated at 28°C for 48 h. Three mucoid white colonies with pinkish centers, characteristic of Ralstonia solanacearum, were purified (Figure S1C). The isolates were Gram negative in the KOH test, non-fluorescent on King's B medium, and formed cream colonies on yeat extract-dextrose-calcium carbonate (YDC) medium. Phylotype-specific multiplex PCR (PMX-PCR) (Fegan and Prior, 2005) and phylogenetic analysis based on partial endoglucanase (egl) gene sequences (Poussier et al. 2000) (Figure S2) identified the isolates as R. solanacearum Phylotype IIB sequevar 51. The isolates were preserved in the COAD culture collection of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Brazil (codes COAD 2586, 2587 and 2588) and the corresponding egl DNA sequences were deposited in the GenBank (accession numbers MH350031, MH350032 and MH350033). Pathogenicity tests were conducted with all three isolates. Twenty microliters of bacterial suspensions (108 CFU/mL of saline solution) were injected at the base of the stem of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis), banana (Musa sp. cv. Maçã) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santa Clara) plants kept in a greenhouse (28 ± 2 °C) (Fonseca et al., 2016). Three plants of each host species were inoculated per bacterial isolate and plants injected with distilled water were used as controls. Necrotic symptoms appeared at the inoculation site on eucalyptus plants after 10 days. Wilt symptoms started at the top and progressed towards the base of the plants (Figure S1A). Tomato plants died within one week, and eucalyptus seedlings died after three weeks. The inoculated banana seedlings and all plants from the control treatments remained asymptomatic. Bacterial ooze was observed on freshly-cut transverse sections made on wilted eucalyptus seedlings (Figure S1B) and typical colonies of R. solanacearum were isolated from inoculated plants, fulfilling Koch's postulates. The correct diagnosis of the pathogen is the first step in the long-term process of developing effective management tools for this disease in Ecuador.

SISTEMA DE COTAS E FRAUDES EM UMA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL BRASILEIRA

Neste artigo são apresentados alguns resultados de uma pesquisa financiada pelo Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica – PIBIC/CNPq-2017/2018. A investigação visava a pesquisar o impacto, em sentido amplo, do ingresso de estudantes subcotistas étnico-raciais na UNIVERSIDADE X, mas em alguns de seus cursos de alto prestígio, a saber: Agronomia, Direito, Engenharia Mecânica, Engenharia Química, Medicina e Medicina Veterinária. O período pesquisado, do primeiro semestre de 2013 ao segundo semestre de 2016, refere-se ao prazo para o cumprimento integral do disposto na Lei 12.711/2012, que determinou a implantação do sistema de cotas nas universidades federais brasileiras. Constatou-se, por um lado, que houve o ingresso fraudulento de estudantes brancos/as nas subcotas étnico-raciais destinadas a estudantes pretos/as, pardos/as e indígenas. Por outro lado, e em consequência das fraudes, a pesquisa também evidenciou a pouca presença de estudantes negras (pretas e pardas) nos cursos supracitados, mesmo após a implementação de uma política pública que tinha como objetivo aumentar a presença dessas estudantes na universidade.

Metamorfose do calouro: um estudo da evolução das expectativas acadêmicas de ingressantes em administração

Expectativas acadêmicas são definidas como aspirações ou sonhos que os estudantes têm com o ensino de graduação. O conhecimento das expectativas acadêmicas é importante para a Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES). Ele permite a identificação das discrepâncias entre as expectativas e a realidade e a implementação de ações que ajudem os estudantes a uma melhor adaptação à realidade da vida acadêmica. Esta pesquisa investigou as expectativas acadêmicas dos alunos ingressantes do Curso de Graduação em Administração da Universidade Federal de Viçosa – Campus Florestal (CGA/F) nos meses de março e outubro de 2018. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo-descritivo com dados coletados por meio do Questionário de Percepções Acadêmicas: Versão A – Expectativas – Versão brasileira (QPA-E/B) em uma perspectiva longitudinal restrita. O resultado mostrou que o contato com a realidade altera as expectativas acadêmicas dos estudantes. Ficou evidente na pesquisa que acontece não apenas a visão irrealista dos estudantes quando ingressam na universidade – que ficou conhecido na literatura com o termo ‘mito do calouro’- freshman myth – mas também uma transformação gradual deste estudante, o que aqui se denominou ‘metamorfose do calouro’.

Phoracantha recurva (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): First Report in the Atlantic Rainforest of Minas Gerais, Brazil

The expansion of the area planted with Eucalyptus species and the trade of its products in the world have been accompanied by accidental introduction of exotic insects. The genus Phoracantha Newman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), from Australia and New Guinea, has 40 borer species that use trees and freshly cut logs of the genus Angophora, Corymbia, and Eucalyptus. The objective of this report is to document the occurrence of P. recurva damaging weakened C. citriodora trees in an urban area of the Atlantic rainforest in Vicosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Extensive feeding galleries and the presence of a P. recurva male adult were found in the trunks of weakened trees of C. citriodora logs in an area near the forest nursery of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa. This is the first report of this borer species in this climate zone of the Atlantic rainforest biome of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This suggests that P. recurva has high plasticity to establish in regions with different climatic conditions, being able to survive in most regions of Brazil. The record of P. recurva infesting C. citriodora trees in the Minas Gerais Atlantic rainforest region increases its distribution in Brazil. This knowledge is important in reducing or preventing its damage in Brazil.

Dietary Fat Intake and its Association with Adiposity and Inflammatory Markers in Individuals at Cardiometabolic Risk

Abstract Background Fatty acids are important components of diet that may influence the development of CVD. Objective To verify the relationship of dietary fatty acids with cardiometabolic markers in individuals at the cardiometabolic risk. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 282 subjects (116 M/166 F, 42 ± 16 years) attended the Cardiovascular Health Care Program, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (Brazil). Anthropometric and body composition measurements as well as metabolic and inflammatory markers were assessed by standard procedures. Demographic and lifestyle variables [...]

A INCUBAÇÃO DE REDES DE ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA SOB O ENFOQUE AGROECOLÓGICO

The objective of this article was to analyze the process of implementation of the project Ressoa na Mata: Redes de Economia Solidaria e Agroecologia na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais (Resonating in the Jungle: Solidarity based economy and agroecological networks in the Zona da Mata in Minas Gerais) in the state of Minas Gerais (December 2017 to January 2019), by the extension program Incubadora Tecnologica de Cooperativas Populares da Universidade Federal de Vicosa (ITCP-UFV) (Technology incubator of popular Cooperatives of the Federal University of Vicosa). The research methods used included observation of the activities developed and analyses of reports and minutes of meetings with participants. From the data collection based on these two procedures, we elaborated a synthesis with the main actions of the project, analyzing its implementation using an agroecological approach. Finally, we listed the main lessons learned from the experience, seeking to contribute to the reflection on the incubation of networks in the solidarity based economy.

Superação da dormência de sementes de Passiflora elegans Mast. (Passifloraceae)

As sementes de Passiflora apresentam germinação baixa e desuniforme, devida a presença de dormência das sementes, sendo assim, esta dormência deve ser superada por um método eficiente que aumente as taxas de germinação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de métodos para superação da dormência das sementes de Passiflora elegans. Foram coletados 35 frutos maduros no município de Getúlio Vargas, Rio Grande do Sul em dezembro de 2013. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram utilizados os seguintes métodos para superação da dormência: T1: sementes com tegumento; T2: sementes sem tegumento; T3- escarificação mecânica; T4: escarificação química em ácido sulfúrico concentrado por 10 min; T5: estratificação por 5 dias a 4 ˚C; T6: sementes sem o tegumento, seguido de imersão em ácido giberélico GA3 (50 µM); T7: sementes sem o tegumento, seguido de imersão em solução de paclobutrazol (0,1 mM). As sementes foram submetidas a teste de germinação, utilizando cinco repetições de 40 sementes, mantidas em B.O.D. à 25 ˚C. A germinação foi avaliada diariamente por 80 dias. Foram avaliadas a porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e velocidade de germinação (VG). No teste do tetrazólio as sementes receberam um picote e foram embebidas por 16 h e cortadas longitudinalmente e imersas em solução de tetrazólio 0,05% e mantidas no escuro em banho-maria a 36 ˚C, por 24 h. Conclui-se que a imersão em GA3 (50 µM) é o melhor método para a superação de dormência de P. elegans.

O Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil – PNAES na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV): uma avaliação na percepção dos beneficiários

O presente estudo tem por objetivo geral avaliar o Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES) na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) na percepção de seus beneficiários. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter descritiva, de natureza quantitativa e do tipo levantamento. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários aplicados a uma amostra de 312 beneficiários do Programa. Como método de análise, utilizou-se de estatística descritiva. De forma geral, constatou-se que, referente às áreas de atuação do PNAES, os participantes da pesquisa estão satisfeitos com as suas condições atuais, sendo as áreas inclusão digital, transporte e moradia as melhores avaliadas, e as áreas de saúde, creche e acessibilidade, as piores. Quanto ao grau de influência dessas áreas no alcance dos objetivos do programa, constatou-se que: na dimensão “desempenho acadêmico” as áreas que exercem maior influência são moradia, alimentação e inclusão digital; na dimensão “decisão de continuar no curso” as mais influentes são moradia, apoio pedagógico e alimentação; e na dimensão “concluir o curso dentro do prazo previsto” as áreas com maior influência são moradia, apoio pedagógico e inclusão digital. Quanto às áreas que apresentam menor influência nas três dimensões têm-se as áreas creche, esporte e cultura. Assim, para que o PNAES atinja os seus objetivos, as áreas mapeadas precisam ser constantemente monitoradas e avaliadas, de forma que a UFV possa adequar as ações de assistência realizadas às necessidades e espectativas dos seus beneficiários.

Dietary Inflammatory Index is Associated with Excessive Body Weight and Dietary Patterns in Subjects with Cardiometabolic Risk

Unhealthy eating habits can trigger chronic inflammation in organs and tissues, and subsequent cardiovascular risk. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII™) score with cardiometabolic risk factors and a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns in adults and elderly Brazilians (42 ± 16 years) from a health care program. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 248 individuals (138 women and 110 men) from a Cardiovascular Health Care Program of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa (PROCARDIO-UFV, ReBEC ID number: RBR-5n4y2g). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, lifestyle and anthropometric data were assessed by standardized protocols. DII scores were calculated from a 24 h-recall, and dietary patterns were determined by a posteriori method, as Principal Component Analysis (PAC), and a priori method, as Healthy Eating Index (HEI). The mean DII was 0.15 ± 0.84. The subjects included in the most pro-inflammatory category(3rd tertile) were more likely to be individuals with excessive body weight, increased waist-to-hip ratio and lower quality diet assessed by PAC and HEI. The most pro-inflammatory diet was associated with excessive body weight as well as other worse dietary patterns.

Polybia Fasticiosuscula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Foraging Activity Patterns

Prey identification expands our knowledge on social wasps and their interactions as predators of herbivorous insects. The objective was to characterize the Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) foraging pattern in Jul 2015. Polybia fastidiosuscula workers returning to the nest were intercepted and captured with an entomological net at the Universidade Federal de Vicosa in Vicosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Seven sampling sessions of 13 h each, from 6:00 AM to 7:00 PM, were carried out, totaling 91 sampling h. The prey collected (182 insects) were Lepidoptera (caterpillars, 92.6%), Araneae (3.1%), Diptera (2.5%), and Orthoptera (nymphs, 1.8%). Mean (± SD) wasp weight was 17.4 ± 3.3 mg, and mean weight of prey transported was 5.2 ± 2.5 mg. A P. fastidiosuscula worker can carry a load of about 30% of their own body weight. The foraging preference, principally of lepidopteran caterpillars, suggests that P. fastidiosuscula has potential as a natural enemy in integrated pest management programs.

The Híbrido de Timor germplasm: identification of molecular diversity and resistance sources to coffee berry disease and leaf rust

The main phytosanitary problems affecting global coffee production are the fungal diseases known as rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley and Broome, and coffee berry disease (CBD), induced by Colletotrichum kahawae Waller and Bridge. The main disease control strategy is the use of resistant coffee cultivars. Hibrido de Timor is the most important source of resistant varieties used in breeding programs worldwide. The objective of this work was to characterize the diversity and disease resistance of 152 HdT genotypes from the germplasm collection at the Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV). Accessions were phenotyped with H. vastatrix races II and XXXIII. Molecular analysis was carried out with 29 random microsatellite markers or single sequence repeats (SSRs), and two SSRs associated with the CBD resistance gene Ck-1. All accessions in the germplasm collection were resistant to H. vastatrix race II, and 141 were resistant to H. vastatrix race XXXIII. Based on the presence of markers, there were 106 accessions containing the CBD resistance gene Ck-1. In the diversity study, the 152 accessions clustered into 21 different groups. A unique molecular profile (fingerprint) was determined for each individual, using 52 alleles from 22 SSR markers. The HdT germplasm of UFV was highly diverse, and included 99 accessions with multiple disease resistance genes, including the CBD resistance gene Ck-1, and others conferring resistance to H. vastatrix races II and XXXIII.

English

Vegetable consumers are increasingly demanding high quality products. Among factors that can influence the nutritional quality of tomato fruits, mineral nutrition stands out. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources and doses on the nutritional quality of tomato fruits. The experiment was carried out in pots in an experimental area at the Universidade Federal de Vicosa - Paranaiba Campus, in Rio Paranaiba (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). The commercial hybrid Dominador was cultivated with four plants per pot. The treatments consisted of nitrogen fertilizer doses with 50 and 200 mg dm-³ of N, combined with four sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate), in a randomized block design with four repetitions. A (4 x 2) + 1 (four sources combined with two doses of N, plus one treatment without the application of N) factorial scheme was used. We evaluated the increase in oBrix and titratable acidity values with the increase of the N dose applied. Urea and the ammonium nitrate resulted in higher pH values in the tomato fruits. The potassium, lycopene and total carotenoid contents in the tomatoes did not present significant differences in relation to the sources and doses used. The sources and doses of nitrogen fertilizers affected the nutritional quality of the tomato fruits, influencing parameters such as oBrix, pH, titratable acidity and sodium content. Key words: Mineral nutrition, Solanum lycopersicum, nutritional value.

<b>Shading effects on leaf life span and functional traits in the widespread species <i>Enterolobium contortisiliquum<i> (Vell.) Morong

Enterolobium contortisiliquum occurs in native forests formations from southeast to northeast Brazil, and too in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. The objective of this study was to evaluate shading effects in the early growth of E. contortisiliquum plants. We measured leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll content index, biomass allocation and leaf development in plants in sunny and shaded areas. The experiment was performed in Universidade Federal de Vicosa , campus Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil. To determine the effects of different light regimes (full sunlight and shade) on the growth of E. contortisiliquum plants, we divided plants into two groups: plants grown in a greenhouse under full sunlight, and plants grown under 70% shade tissue. E. contortisiliquum plants grown in full sunlight showed an increase in maximum net photosynthesis, root, stem, and leaf dry mass, root length, root/stem ratio, and length of the stem. However, E. contortisiliquum under shade showed larger specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, chlorophyll content, long leaf life span, and slow growth. These ecophysiological adjustments in sunny and shaded areas may explain the wide geographical distribution of E. contortisiliquum in many vegetation types.

Effect of temperature on passion fruit emergence and seedling vigor

Abstract: Seedlings for commercial growing of passion fruit are preferentially acquired through seeds. Success in germination and seedling emergence, in turn, is influenced by the genetic constitution of the progenies and the thermal conditions imposed on the growth environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the emergence and vigor of seedlings of passion fruit cultivars exposed to different temperatures. The experiment was conducted in a germination chamber at the Unidade de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão / Pomar Campus of the Department of Plant Science of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). The study was carried out in 5 × 3 factorial arrangement, with five temperature ranges (5-15, 10-20, 15-25, 20-30 and 25-35 °C) and three varieties of passion fruit (BRS Sol do Cerrado, BRS Gigante Amarelo and FB-200 Yellow Master) in a completely randomized design with six replications of 25 seeds per plot. The variables analyzed were the percentage, the speed index, and the average time of emergence, shoot length, total length, and seedling dry matter. The cultivars BRS Sol do Cerrado and BRS Gigante Amarelo exhibited seedling emergence of over 95% in the temperature ranges of 20-30 °C and 25-35 °C. Alternating temperatures from 20-30 °C stimulates seedling emergence, seedling growth, and greater accumulation of seedling dry matter.

Movimentos Sociais Rurais no Brasil: o estado da arte1

Resumo: Os movimentos sociais rurais têm sido foco de vários estudos que apontam para o seu papel ativo na luta por direitos dos grupos excluídos dentro da sociedade brasileira. Através de ações coletivas, agem como resistência à exclusão e provocam novas dinâmicas sociais no campo. Partindo da concepção teórica de novos movimentos sociais apresentada por Alain Touraine, este artigo se propôs a mapear e a discutir o estado da arte referente a teses e dissertações sobre movimentos sociais rurais. Adotamos os períodos compreendidos entre 2002 a 2014 para o mapeamento das teses e dissertações e 1980 a 2015 para as análises das temáticas relativas aos movimentos sociais rurais. Utilizou-se, para a realização das análises, o software Alceste (Análise Lexical por Contexto de um Conjunto de Segmentos de Texto). Os resultados mostraram que o período posterior a 2003 marcou a passagem do viés combativo para a rotinização dos movimentos sociais, tendo as contestações sociais se deslocado do mundo do trabalho para a vida cotidiana, com uma pluralidade de demandas materiais e simbólicas que giraram em torno do reconhecimento de identidades e do modo de vida camponês, evidenciando-se a politização dos costumes e práticas relativos ao modo de vida tradicional.

Elasticity modulus and damping ratio of macaw palm rachillas

ABSTRACT: The macaw palm has been identified as a prime feed stock for biodiesel industries in the near future coming decades. However, there are no machines for harvesting and detaching fruits in the biofuel industry; hence, the study of the dynamic behavior of the fruit-rachilla system would aid in the development of such machines. Thus, this study seeks to determine the modulus of elasticity and the damping ratio of four different plant accessions obtained from the Active Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). Tensile testing was conducted to determine the modulus of elasticity. From the graphical results of tension versus specific strain, it was possible to determine the modulus of elasticity by using the tangent method. To determine the damping ratio, the logarithmic decrement method was performed using vibration testing. Vibration test consisted of a generated impulse of 100% of the amplitude of acceleration that was used to excite the system. The acquisition of the generated information was performed by a piezoelectric accelerometer. The average modulus of elasticity ranged from 2.22 to 3.17MPa, and the average damping ratios ranged from 0.04 to 0.08. Thus, the macaw fruit-rachilla was an under-damped system.