Abstract
Unhealthy eating habits can trigger chronic inflammation in organs and tissues, and subsequent cardiovascular risk. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII™) score with cardiometabolic risk factors and a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns in adults and elderly Brazilians (42 ± 16 years) from a health care program. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 248 individuals (138 women and 110 men) from a Cardiovascular Health Care Program of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa (PROCARDIO-UFV, ReBEC ID number: RBR-5n4y2g). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, lifestyle and anthropometric data were assessed by standardized protocols. DII scores were calculated from a 24 h-recall, and dietary patterns were determined by a posteriori method, as Principal Component Analysis (PAC), and a priori method, as Healthy Eating Index (HEI). The mean DII was 0.15 ± 0.84. The subjects included in the most pro-inflammatory category(3rd tertile) were more likely to be individuals with excessive body weight, increased waist-to-hip ratio and lower quality diet assessed by PAC and HEI. The most pro-inflammatory diet was associated with excessive body weight as well as other worse dietary patterns.
Highlights
Unhealthy eating habits and deleterious lifestyles, such as smoking and sedentariness, may trigger chronic inflammation thereby contributing to increased cardiometabolic risk and development of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCD), such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer [1,2,3,4,5]
This study aimed to evaluate the potential association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DIITM) score with cardiometabolic risk factors and a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns in adults and elderly Brazilians from a Cardiovascular Health Care Program
DII: dietary inflammatory index; PR: prevalence ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR): waist-to-height ratio; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; %BF: body fat percentage; TyG: triglyceride-glucose index; Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR): homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein; TG: triglyceride; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; CRP: C-reactive protein
Summary
Unhealthy eating habits and deleterious lifestyles, such as smoking and sedentariness, may trigger chronic inflammation thereby contributing to increased cardiometabolic risk and development of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCD), such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer [1,2,3,4,5]. Dietary pattern analysis allow the combination of foods consumed by a population and the identification of both protective and harmful dietary factors for the development of CNCD [3,7,8]. The second one is based on statistical analysis of food consumption data to develop new dietary patterns, such as factor analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) [3,13]
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