Universal Form Research Articles

Electron shake probability for arbitrary shell

AbstractGeneral expressions for electron shakeup and shakeoff probabilities of arbitrary atomic shells under the sudden change in central potential have been obtained in the sudden approximation by the use of non‐relativistic hydrogenic wave functions. The matrix elements for the shakeup and shakeoff processes are expressed analytically in the similar form in terms of the Gauss‐type hypergeometric functions. Many‐electron effect is taken into account through the screened hydrogenic model and the effect of the screening constants is examined. It is found that the shakeup and total shakeoff probabilities can be written in universal form by the use of a single parameter. The dependence of the shake probabilities on this parameter is discussed.

On Verbal Construction Frequency in Certain Genres of Popular Literature

Corpora-based language studies is a widespread practice in modern linguistics. In our study, we address so-called mass literature (or paraliterature) via a corpus of texts. The standardization of mass literature allows us to describe its genres by applying literary formulas. In brief, a formula serves for the embodiment of cultural themes and stereotypes in a universal form. While mass literature is a common subject of literary and cultural studies, from a linguistic point of view, literary formulas have not been studied well enough. We suggest that differences between the microgenres of paraliterature may be in syntax as well as in the vocabulary. Our work is based on the mass literature corpora and provides analysis of verb constructions characteristic of microgenres (love story, detective story, science fiction novel, and fantasy). In order to identify the distinctive features of mass literature microgenres, we have conducted a series of machine learning experiments. As a dataset, we compiled a corpus of 1,200 texts belonging to four microgenres. In our previous studies we showed that statistical features (text length, sentence length, and parts of speech frequencies) were insufficient for successful classification. The usage of lexical features has improved the quality of machine learning, however, the classifier based on syntactic features has shown the best results. 81 constructions have been selected as the most important features of syntactic-based machine learning. A verb construction consists of a “verb + dependencies”. We consider several types of dependencies: arguments (subject, direct and indirect objects) and adjuncts (subordinate clause and adverbial classifier). The constructions are described in terms of the fullness of the verb valencies. Several types of constructions are distinguished: complete, incomplete (with omissions of direct or indirect complements), and extended (with adjuncts). Specific examples of verb constructions in each of the microgenres have been analyzed and described. Based on the similarity of the construction profile, romance novels and detective stories show the predominance of verbs and direct speech constructions, whereas science fiction novels and fantasy demonstrate the prevalence of full constructions. Possible non-textual explanations for our observations are also provided. The method proposed in the study can be used for the investigation of various kinds of syntactic features, for instance, those associated with the author’s, temporal or genre specificities.

‘Islamic humanism’: another form of universalism in contemporary Sufism

ABSTRACT Contemporary Sufi orders in Western societies have been often described as ‘universal’, implying a conceptualisation of religion that transcends religious and cultural boundaries. This article challenges a univocal understanding of universalism, arguing for a plurality of universalist discourses, which entail different relations with otherness, practices, organisational structures, and politics. This article shows the continuities and discontinuities among different competing universalist discourses present in contemporary Sufism and Islam, such as Guénonian-Traditionalism, the New Age, and neo-liberalism. Furthermore, it describes another universalist discourse which has not been previously discussed in relation to contemporary Sufism, defined as ‘Islamic humanism’, which focuses on (1) the anthropo-cosmic role of the human being, connecting God, nature, and humankind; (2) a universal truth, which goes beyond religious and cultural differences, but is inscribed in Islam; (3) a pluralistic epistemology merging Islamic, natural, and social sciences; and (4) a sense of responsibility towards society, which implies a socio-political engagement.

Правило правописания сочетаний согласных с мягкими согласными Ч и Щ в русском языке: новая формулировка

The research aims to bring the theoretical phrasing of the school grammar rule for spelling Russian consonant clusters with the consonants Ч and Щ into a universal form that is easy to use, understand and that does not require extensive memorisation. The work is novel in that it provides a new, simple and clear phrasing of the rule that corresponds to the general direction within the project of reforming spelling and grammar rules of the modern Russian language. As a result, the laconic phrasing of the spelling rule for consonant clusters with the consonants Ч and Щ in the Russian language proposed in the paper is simple, clear and easy to learn even for first-grade secondary school students and foreign Russian-language learners.

Pharmacophore based virtual screening of cholinesterase inhibitors: search of new potential drug candidates as antialzheimer agents.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a distinctive medical condition characterized by loss of memory, orientation, and cognitive impairments, which is an exceptionally universal form of neurodegenerative disease. The statistical data suggested that it is the 3rd major cause of death in older persons. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors play a vital role in the treatment of AD. Coumarins, natural derivatives, are reported as cholinesterase inhibitors and emerges as a promising scaffold for design of ligands targeting enzymes and pathological alterations related to AD. In this regard, the 3D QSAR pharmacophore models were developed for coumarin scaffold containing BChE and AChE inhibitors. Several 3D QSAR pharmacophore models were developed with FAST, BEST, and CEASER methods, and finally, statistically robust models (based on correlation coefficient, cost value, and RMSE value) were selected for further analysis for both targets. The important features ((HBA 1, HBA 2, HY, RA (BChE) HBA 1, HBA 2, HY, PI, (AChE)) were identified for good inhibitory activity of coumarin derivatives. Finally, the selected models were applied to various database compounds to find potential BChE and AChE inhibitors, and we found 13 for BChE and 1 potent compound for AChE with an estimated activity of IC50 < 10 µM. Further, the Lipinski filters, and ADMET analysis supports the selected compounds to become a drug candidate. These selected BChE and AChE inhibitors can be used in the treatment of AD.Graphical abstract Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-022-00133-1.

Effective 2-D cursor control system using hybrid SSVEP + P300 visual brain computer interface.

Acursorcontrolsystembasedonbrain-computer interface (BCI) provides efficient computer access. These systems operate without any muscular activity from the user. ConventionalBCI-basedcursorcontrolsystemshaveseverallimitations. Therefore, hybrid SSVEP + P300 visual BCI (VBCI)-basedcursorcontrolisneeded to overcome these limitations. This paper explores the feasibility of using noninvasive hybrid SSVEP + P300 VBCI for cursor control as a universal form of computer access. The proposed cursor control system has a graphical user interface (GUI) design that simultaneously evokes both SSVEP and P300 signals in the human cortex. The performance metrics of the proposed system are compared with conventional SSVEP VBCI and P300 VBCI-based cursor control systems. The proposed hybrid SSVEP + P300 BCI-based cursor control system achieves a maximum accuracy of 97.51% with a 27.15 bit/min information transfer rate (ITR). The results proved that the proposed system performed more efficiently than other systems. The proposed system was tested in a noisy environment and found to be suitable for real-world applications.

Towards topological fixed-point models beyond gappable boundaries

We consider fixed-point models for topological phases of matter formulated as discrete path integrals in the language of tensor networks. Such zero-correlation length models with an exact notion of topological invariance are known in the mathematical community as state-sum constructions or lattice topological quantum field theories. All of the established ansatzes for fixed-point models imply the existence of a gapped boundary as well as a commuting-projector Hamiltonian. Thus, they fail to capture topological phases without a gapped boundary or commuting-projector Hamiltonian, most notably chiral topological phases in $2+1$ dimensions. In this work, we present a more general fixed-point ansatz not affected by the aforementioned restrictions. Thus, our formalism opens up a possible way forward towards a microscopic fixed-point description of chiral phases and we present several strategies that may lead to concrete examples. Furthermore, we argue that our more general ansatz constitutes a universal form of topological fixed-point models, whereas established ansatzes are universal only for fixed-points of phases which admit topological boundaries.

Collisionless relaxation of a Lynden-Bell plasma

Plasmas whose Coulomb-collision rates are very small may relax on shorter timescales to non-Maxwellian quasi-equilibria, which, nevertheless, have a universal form, with dependence on initial conditions retained only via an infinite set of Casimir invariants enforcing phase-volume conservation. These are distributions derived by Lynden-Bell (Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., vol. 136, 1967, p. 101) via a statistical-mechanical entropy-maximisation procedure, assuming perfect mixing of phase-space elements. To show that these equilibria are reached dynamically, one must derive an effective ‘collisionless collision integral’ for which they are fixed points – unique and inevitable provided the integral has an appropriate H-theorem. We describe how such collision integrals are derived and what assumptions are required for them to have a closed form, how to prove the H-theorems for them, and why, for a system carrying sufficiently large electric-fluctuation energy, collisionless relaxation should be fast. It is suggested that collisionless dynamics may favour maximising entropy locally in phase space before converging to global maximum-entropy states. Relaxation due to interspecies interaction is examined, leading, inter alia, to spontaneous transient generation of electron currents. The formalism also allows efficient recovery of ‘true’ collision integrals for both classical and quantum plasmas.

On the Universality of Microwave Envelope Equations for Narrowband Optoelectronic Oscillators

Narrowband optoelectronic oscillators are time-delayed system that can generate ultrapure microwave signals. In order to study these oscillators, one approach is to derive a time-delayed envelope equation. In this article, we show that this approach is universal and applies to a wide variety of OEO families. By studying different oscillators, it is possible to show that their dynamics is governed by an envelope equation that can be rewritten under a generalized universal form. In this article, this universal microwave envelope equation is proposed and investigated analytically for optoelectronic microwave oscillators, and the bifurcation analysis of the deterministic envelope equation is performed. The universal model is further generalized and written in a stochastic form in order to predict the phase noise performance of the oscillators.

Communication challenges and transformations in the Digital Era: emoji language and emoji translation

Abstract The Digital Age has significantly changed how people communicate. Thanks to technology, people have a large variety of communication tools to choose from, such as emails or instant messaging applications, that allows communication to be easier, quicker and, to a certain extent, more efficient. In this technological scenario, emojis play a fundamental role as a kind of universal form of communication. Furthermore, thanks to translation, which acts as a bridge for people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds, communication can cross national barriers and spread worldwide. Communication and translation share a common goal that is ‘mutual understanding’. What happens, therefore, when translation meets both technology and emojis in the Digital Age? A new form of communication through translation has emerged, that is emoji translation. The aim of this paper is to show, through a series of examples, how emojis have been recently employed in communication and translation in an attempt to establish whether their use, besides creativity, can be universally accepted and understood worldwide.

Universality for Low-Degree Factors of Random Polynomials over Finite Fields

Abstract We show that the counts of low-degree irreducible factors of a random polynomial $f$ over $\mathbb {F}_q$ with independent but nonuniform coefficients behave like that of a uniform random polynomial, exhibiting a form of universality for random polynomials over finite fields. Our strongest results require various assumptions on the parameters, but we are able to obtain results requiring only $q=p$ a prime with $p\leq \exp ({n^{1/13}})$ where $n$ is the degree of the polynomial. Our proofs use Fourier analysis and rely on tools recently applied by Breuillard and Varjú to study the $ax+b$ process, which show equidistribution for $f(\alpha )$ at a single point. We extend this to handle multiple roots and the Hasse derivatives of $f$, which allow us to study the irreducible factors with multiplicity.

Force Correlations in Disordered Magnets.

We present a proof of principle for the validity of the functional renormalization group, by measuring the force correlations in Barkhausen-noise experiments. Our samples are soft ferromagnets in two distinct universality classes, differing in the range of spin interactions, and the effects of eddy currents. We show that the force correlations have a universal form predicted by the functional renormalization group, distinct for short-range and long-range elasticity, and mostly independent of eddy currents. In all cases correlations grow linearly at small distances, as in mean-field models, but in contrast to the latter are bounded at large distances. As a consequence, avalanches are anti-correlated. We derive bounds for these anticorrelations, which are saturated in the experiments, showing that the multiple domain walls in our samples effectively behave as a single wall.

31810 The National Paediatric Alopecia Areata Registry in Russia: An overview

92 patients aged 2 to 17 years were included. 71 patients had at least 1 concomitant disease, the most common was atopic dermatitis (n = 31). Thyroid disorders was also a frequent concomitant diagnosis (n = 11). In addition, 3 patients had vitiligo, 3 more had psoriasis and 2 had celiac disease. All patients are assessed using the “Scalp, Body, and Nail classification of alopecia areata.” Half of the observed patients suffer from total hair loss, s1 – in 18%, s2 – in 11%, s3 – in 7%, s4a – in 6%, s4b – in 8 % of patients. Among all patients, 23 children (17 with universal form and 6 with local form) receive off-label therapy with tofacitinib for a period of 16 ± 7.5 weeks. On the background of tofacitinib therapy, a positive effect was observed in all patients with alopecia areata: the SALT index in 4 out of 6 patients decreased from 45 ± 11.9 to 10 ± 4.7 points, and in 2 patients - 0 points. While taking tofacitinib, 32 of 46 patients with total and universal forms of alopecia improved their condition. Conclusions: Further study of the features of alopecia areata and the accumulation of data on the efficacy and safety of systemic therapy in children is required.

Postmodern Ethics, Premodern Farce

Postmodern Ethics, Premodern Farce

Hidden dualities in 1D quasiperiodic lattice models

We find that quasiperiodicity-induced transitions between extended and localized phases in generic 1D systems are associated with hidden dualities that generalize the well-known duality of the Aubry-André model. These spectral and eigenstate dualities are locally defined near the transition and can, in many cases, be explicitly constructed by considering relatively small commensurate approximants. The construction relies on auxiliary 2D Fermi surfaces obtained as functions of the phase-twisting boundary conditions and of the phase-shifting real-space structure. We show that, around the critical point of the limiting quasiperiodic system, the auxiliary Fermi surface of a high-enough-order approximant converges to a universal form. This allows us to devise a highly-accurate method to obtain mobility edges and duality transformations for generic 1D quasiperiodic systems through their commensurate approximants. To illustrate the power of this approach, we consider several previously studied systems, including generalized Aubry-André models and coupled Moiré chains. Our findings bring a new perspective to examine quasiperiodicity-induced extended-to-localized transitions in 1D, provide a working criterion for the appearance of mobility edges, and an explicit way to understand the properties of eigenstates close to and at the transition.

A universal profile for stacked filaments from cold dark matter simulations

ABSTRACT We study the stacked filaments connecting group-mass halo pairs, using dark-matter-only N-body simulations. We calculate the dark matter overdensity profile of these stacked filaments at different redshifts as a function of the distance perpendicular to the filament axis. A four-parameter universal functional form, including three comoving scale radii and one amplitude parameter (core density), provides a good fit out to a radius of 20h−1cMpc for stacked filaments over a range of redshifts, lengths, and masses. The scale radii are approximately independent of redshift but increase as power laws with the comoving filament length. Lastly, we compare the scaling of the filament mass measured directly from the simulations to the predicted scaling from the halo–halo–matter three-point correlation function as a function of redshift and of the mass of the halo pairs. We find that both measured scalings are similar to, but somewhat shallower than the predictions, by 10 per cent and 30 per cent, respectively. These results provide a template to interpret present and upcoming observational results based on stacking, for example, weak lensing, thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich, or X-ray observations.

Method of dynamic modeling of the femoral head

The mechanism of action of therapeutic exercises can be considered as a universal form of exercise. Therapeutic physical exercises can provide both a direct load on the contact and articular surfaces (walking and exercises with crutches), and muscle load (concentric muscle contractions, motor system). The high sensitivity of the bone to mechanical signals is the basis for non-drug interventions, including physical therapy.&#x0D; The article presents the authors method of physical therapy for patients with femoral head aseptic necrosis. The gymnastics was based on a set of exercises for dynamic modelling of the femoral head, developed by Huang Keqin, a doctor of the Beijing Specialized Clinic for the Treatment of Femoral Head Necrosis, and modern concepts of bonne tissue biomechanics and physiology. The set includes 3 types of exercises. The first type is based on the principle of autogravity burden. The second type consists of the exercises with an accelerated rhythm of small amplitude. Type 3 is based on the muscles post-isometric relaxation principle.&#x0D; In this article the recommendations are given regarding the exercises use depending on disease stage.

Primitively universal quaternary quadratic forms

A (positive definite and integral) quadratic form f is said to be universal if it represents all positive integers, and is said to be primitively universal if it represents all positive integers primitively. We also say f is almost primitively universal if it represents almost all positive integers primitively. Conway and Schneeberger proved (see [1]) that there are exactly 204 equivalence classes of universal quaternary quadratic forms. Recently, Earnest and Gunawardana proved in [4] that among 204 equivalence classes of universal quaternary quadratic forms, there are exactly 152 equivalence classes of almost primitively universal quaternary quadratic forms. In this article, we prove that there are exactly 107 equivalence classes of primitively universal quaternary quadratic forms. We also determine the set of all positive integers that are not primitively represented by each of the remaining 152−107=45 equivalence classes of almost primitively universal quaternary quadratic forms.

Application of two-component neural network for exchange-correlation functional interpolation

Density functional theory (DFT) is one of the primary approaches to solving the many-body Schrodinger equation. The essential part of the DFT theory is the exchange-correlation (XC) functional, which can not be obtained in analytical form. Accordingly, the accuracy improvement of the DFT is mainly based on the development of XC functional approximations. Commonly, they are built upon analytic solutions in low- and high-density limits and result from quantum Monte Carlo or post-Hartree-Fock numerical calculations. However, there is no universal functional form to incorporate these data into XC functional. Instead, various parameterizations use heuristic rules to build a specific XC functional. The neural network (NN) approach to interpolate the data from higher precision theories can give a unified path to parametrize an XC functional. Moreover, data from many existing quantum chemical databases could provide the XC functional with improved accuracy. We develop NN XC functional, which gives exchange potential and energy density without direct derivatives of exchange-correlation energy density. Proposed NN architecture consists of two parts NN-E and NN-V, which could be trained in separate ways, adding new flexibility to XC functional. We also show that the developed NN XC functional converges in the self-consistent cycle and gives reasonable energies when applied to atoms, molecules, and crystals.

The infrared behavior of tame two-field cosmological models

We study the first order infared behavior of tame hyperbolizable two-field cosmological models, defined as those classical two-field models whose scalar manifold is a connected, oriented and topologically finite hyperbolizable Riemann surface (Σ,G) and whose scalar potential Φ admits a positive and Morse extension to the end compactification of Σ. We achieve this by determining the universal forms of the asymptotic gradient flow of the classical effective potential V with respect to the uniformizing metric G near all interior critical points and ends of Σ, finding that some of the latter act like fictitious but exotic stationary points of the gradient flow. We also compare these results with numerical studies of cosmological orbits. For critical cusp ends, we find that cosmological curves have transient quasiperiodic behavior but are eventually attracted or repelled by the cusp along principal geodesic orbits determined by the extended effective potential. This behavior is approximated in the infrared by that of gradient flow curves near the cusp.