Universal Form Research Articles

Effect of common branch impedance coupling and mutual inductance on current sharing of paralleled SiC MOSFETs with different layouts

Overcurrent failure caused by imbalanced current distribution is one of the universal failure forms of the SiC MOSFET module. The current sharing of parallel SiC MOSFETs is an important guarantee for the safe and reliable operation of parallel devices even the whole system. The existence of current coupling has a significant influence on the current sharing among paralleled SiC MOSFETs. Here, the mechanism of dynamic and static current imbalance under the different layouts resulting from current coupling generated by common branch impedance coupling and mutual inductance is comprehensively investigated by theoretical analysis and simulation validations. It is concluded that dynamic current imbalance is more serious when the drain confluence point and power source confluence point are on both sides than they are on the one side. While, the influence of the arrangement of two confluence points on the static current distribution is in reverse. Finally, a flexible and adjustable test bench is designed to verify the current sharing performance on the different layouts. The experimental results validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Based on these results, some guidelines are provided for the parallel-connected application of SiC MOSFETs.

Universal form of thermodynamic uncertainty relation for Langevin dynamics.

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) provides a stricter bound for entropy production (EP) than that of the thermodynamic second law. This stricter bound can be utilized to infer the EP and derive other tradeoff relations. Though the validity of the TUR has been verified in various stochastic systems, its application to general Langevin dynamics has not been successfully unified, especially for underdamped Langevin dynamics, where odd parity variables in time-reversal operation such as velocity get involved. Previous TURs for underdamped Langevin dynamics are neither experimentally accessible nor reduced to the original form of the overdamped Langevin dynamics in the zero-mass limit. Here, we find a TUR for underdamped Langevin dynamics with an arbitrary time-dependent protocol, which is operationally accessible when all mechanical forces are controllable. We show that the original TUR is a consequence of our underdamped TUR in the zero-mass limit. This indicates that the TUR formulation presented here can be regarded as the universal form of the TUR for general Langevin dynamics.

Tragedy, Modernity and Political Life

What are the links between tragedy, politics and modernity? Diverse currents in social and critical theory have tackled this question; some arguing that modernity has itself a tragic structure insofar as its promises are undermined by their own realisation, others that the diversity of worldviews (the ‘warring Gods’ referred to by Max Weber) has tragic—because un-reconcilable—form. After briefly reviewing some of these issues, the paper looks more specifically at tragic structure in relation to (European) modernity and political reason. The French Terror has unique significance in this context, signalling as it does the failure of any kind of political rationality that seeks to take unmediated, universal form. The consequences of this failure are also, in a way, tragic in so far as they involve contradictions and irresolvable dilemmas of ongoing, everyday political existence. As a result—and perhaps this should itself be seen as much in terms of tragedy as triumphalism—our modernity condemns us to liberalism.

Dependence of integrated, instantaneous, and fluctuating entropy production on the initial state in quantum and classical processes.

We consider the additional entropy production (EP) incurred by a fixed quantum or classical process on some initial state ρ, above the minimum EP incurred by the same process on any initial state. We show that this additional EP, which we term the "mismatch cost of ρ," has a universal information-theoretic form: it is given by the contraction of the relative entropy between ρ and the least-dissipative initial state φ over time. We derive versions of this result for integrated EP incurred over the course of a process, for trajectory-level fluctuating EP, and for instantaneous EP rate. We also show that mismatch cost for fluctuating EP obeys an integral fluctuation theorem. Our results demonstrate a fundamental relationship between thermodynamic irreversibility (generation of EP) and logical irreversibility (inability to know the initial state corresponding to a given final state). We use this relationship to derive quantitative bounds on the thermodynamics of quantum error correction and to propose a thermodynamically operationalized measure of the logical irreversibility of a quantum channel. Our results hold for both finite- and infinite-dimensional systems, and generalize beyond EP to many other thermodynamic costs, including nonadiabatic EP, free-energy loss, and entropy gain.

Functional interaction between public bodies

This paper examines the constitutional approaches accepted in the Central African countries regarding the formalization of interaction between the chambers of parliaments. The study found that all constitutional texts of the considered group of countries as a universal (typical) form of interaction between the chambers of parliament consolidate the adoption of legislative acts; joint meetings (on the taking of their oath by the heads of states or members of the Constitutional Court, making a decision on the introduction of a state of emergency or siege in the country, dismissing the head of state, appointing officials, etc.); the formation of joint commissions and supreme bodies of state power, and the appointment of officials. It was noted that despite the "constitutional equality" of the chambers in terms of introducing bills, financial bills are submitted exclusively to the lower chamber of parliament. The ratification of international treaties by the chambers of parliament (Gabon, Congo) is classified as an atypical (specific) form of interaction between the chambers of parliaments.

Hillary Kaell, Christian Globalism at Home: Child Sponsorship in the United States

Reviewed by: Christian Globalism at Home: Child Sponsorship in the United States by Hillary Kaell Allison Kach Hillary Kaell, Christian Globalism at Home: Child Sponsorship in the United States (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021) US Christians see themselves as global citizens intrinsically engaged in God’s worldwide plan. In Christian Globalism at Home, Hillary Kaell explores exactly how such Christians imagine and experience themselves, others, and the world without travelling beyond their geographic borders. Through the lens of child sponsorship and the mechanisms that support, extend, and perpetuate its predominance in US Christian practice and meaning-making, Kaell disentangles US Christianity from the globalism it is assumed to embody. With a special focus on the “immobile global,” Kaell weaves together history, experience, practice, and belief coalescing in the dynamic relationships and connections created, facilitated, and maintained by child sponsorship from the West to the rest. Kaell’s multifaceted analysis combines archival work, participant observation, and surveys with her keen ability to integrate qualitative and quantitative research findings. The result reads like a smooth conversation between friends that simultaneously unearths complex relational, identity, and power dynamics. Kaell’s interdisciplinary approach traces the long-term development of child sponsorship’s fundraising method over a two-hundred-year period. Her treatment reveals the substructure of sponsorship which “provides an archive [End Page 130] of the development of a particular form of universalism, shaped by modern orientations and aspirations, and expressed through U.S. Christian conceptions of body, self, and soul” (229). The study’s broad goal is to track the development of one type of Christian globalism while highlighting the need to extend and expand studies of similar “world making” to other regions and religious groups. With creative complexity, Kaell constructs her study of child sponsorship as it relates to relevant history, identifiable themes, and contemporary trends and offers insightful cues for a variety of academic disciplines and everyday readers interested in globalization and modern US culture, the history of US and global humanitarianism, and World Christianity. Christian Globalism at Home is grounded in a central paradigm of the immense and the particular, a concept the author draws from Timothy Morton’s ecotheory on hyperobjects. Kaell masterfully tailors Morton’s idea of immensity to the story of child sponsorship, demonstrating that the immensity of the real problem of starving, orphaned children across the world animates US Christian global engagement through particular action. Child sponsorship is sustained and promoted by the overwhelming reality of the problem (the immense) that is connected to conceptions of God, the world, and US Christian identity and moral responsibility (the particular) in global and local contexts (160). The book follows a loose chronological history of child sponsorship, beginning with the early nineteenth-century advent of US Christian mission concern for foreign children through the work of the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Mission (ABCFM). From this starting point, Kaell weaves one hundred years of globalizing US Christian history together with a focus on key themes and developments of child sponsorship. She gives special focus to Christian organizations, four Protestant and one Roman Catholic, that grew around the work and fundraising model of child sponsorship—Save the Children, China’s Children’s Fund, World Vision, Compassion, and Unbound. Chapters one and two explore how emerging nineteenth-century practices of systematic giving and caring for children coalesced with US evangelical ideas of love to fuel Christian globalization. Chapter three traces the use of visual media in the late nineteenth century through World War I to facilitate visceral reactions and ultimately to mobilize sponsorship in US audiences. Chapter four focuses on the development of Protestant promises of “heart conversion,” international Christian relationships, and racial unity through sponsorship in the 1950s and1960s. Chapters five and six explore how sponsorship’s global relationships, moral interpretations of success and the future, and economic practices and inequalities trouble the already complex global connections formed and sustained by sponsorship practices. Chapter seven examines globalization theory as it relates to the space-time construction of sponsorship. [End Page 131] Kaell’s corrective to the historical record is a significant reminder for readers and scholars alike; child sponsorship, like other socio-religious phenomena akin to it, is...

Heat Transfer in the Universal Form of High-rise Buildings in Various Climate Zones

ABSTRACT The design of form and facade in high-rise buildings impacts on energy consumption, especially in heating and cooling. Applying passive design techniques in building forms is a crucial step to decrease energy loads for heating and cooling in the design phase. This paper aims to show the energy required for and mechanism of heat transfer in universal forms of high-rise buildings (Extruder, Rotor, and Twister) in various climate zones. This article studies the heat gains and losses accumulated in the facade (including infiltration) based on the buildings’ forms and the climate where they are located. The simulation is conducted using Sefaira®. Energy consumption of thermal conditioning as the impact of heat transfer will also be discussed. The results show that climate plays a role in determining the heating and cooling performances of high-rise buildings with universal forms. The Rotor model performs the best for heating and cooling in all climate zones, while the Extruder model is most suitable in cold climates.

The AdS3 \xd7 S1 chiral ring

We study AdS3× S1× Y supersymmetric string theory backgrounds with Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz flux that are dual to mathcal{N} = 2 superconformal theories on the boundary. We classify all worldsheet vertex operators that correspond to space-time chiral primaries. We compute space-time chiral ring structure constants for operators in the zero spectral flow sector using the operator product expansion in the worldsheet theory. We find that the structure constants take a universal form that depends only on the topological data of the mathcal{N} = 2 superconformal theory on Y.

Brane current algebras and generalised geometry from QP manifolds. Or, \u201cwhen they go high, we go low\u201d

We construct a Poisson algebra of brane currents from a QP-manifold, and show their Poisson brackets take a universal geometric form. This generalises a result of Alekseev and Strobl on string currents and generalised geometry to include branes with worldvolume gauge fields, such as the D3 and M5. Our result yields a universal expression for the ’t Hooft anomaly that afflicts isometries in the presence of fluxes. We determine the current algebra in terms of (exceptional) generalised geometry, and show that the tensor hierarchy gives rise to a brane current hierarchy. Exceptional complex structures produce pairs of anomaly-free current subalgebras on the M5-brane worldvolume.

MODERN APPROACHES TO ENTERPRISE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY EVALUATION

Purpose. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an important feature of modern business. It provides a certain level of voluntary response to social problems, compliance with moral requirements of society. Companies have already realized the benefits of a socially proactive position and are increasingly involved in solving social and environmental problems. This raises the issue of CSR evaluation from a cost / benefit standpoint. The aim of the article is to study the existing approaches to assessing the level of CSR and determine the scope of their use. Design/methodology/approach. Abstract and logical method was used for generalization of theoretical and methodological provisions for the assessment of CSR. A systematic approach was used to form a system of ESG-indicators and to develop a system of indicators for assessing the benefits of implementing CSR activities. Economic and statistical methods were used for the assessment of CSR Ukrainian companies. Finding. The article presents the key characteristics of CSR. The focus is on the positive impact of the implementation of CSR practices on the activities of companies. A critical analysis of the approaches of Ukrainian scientists to the assessment of CSR was made, which allows to distinguish the assessment of CSR in general and the effectiveness of CSR activities. The authors identified three methodological approaches to the assessment of CSR. A general description of these approaches is given, their advantages and disadvantages are identified. The authors note that there is no universal form of financial reporting, businesses have a choice of what form it is. The most common are sustainable development reports, which are formulated for GRI standards. More Ukrainian companies publish their social reports, thus declaring their commitment to CSR concepts. It is proved that CSR is gradually transformed into a system of environmental, social and management parameters - ESG. The content of ESG-factors is determined and a system of indicators in the context of ecological, social and management spheres is formed. The system of indicators for assessing the benefits of implementing CSR activities is formed. A special place in the article is given to the international rankings of companies according to their ESG indicators. Based on the data of the catalog of social initiatives of companies, the general state of CSR in Ukraine is analyzed. It is established that the development of CSR in Ukraine is in line with European trends. The modern practice of social responsibility assessment is systematized. Practical implications. The practical significance of the obtained results is to develop the theoretical and methodological basis for the assessment of CSR. The results of the study can be used by entrepreneurs and managers seeking to achieve long-term success in the global business environment. Originality/value. The theoretical basis of CSR evaluation is developed by distinguishing three groups of methodological approaches, including analysis of non-financial reporting, calculation of quantitative and qualitative indicators, as well as index and rating methods. A system of indicators based on the maximum consideration of stakeholders' interests has been developed to assess the benefits of CSR activities.

The development of universal alopecia during therapy with TNF-α inhibitors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: description of three cases

Alopecia areata (АA) is an autoimmune multifactorial disease characterized by increased hair loss as a result of morphological and functional changes in hair follicles. АA is divided into four main forms, among which the most severe is the universal form (UA), in which complete hair loss is possible throughout the body. Alopecia in the practice of a rheumatologist can occur with some systemic diseases of the connective tissue, with the use of high doses of chemotherapy drugs and, more recently, with the use of inhibitors of tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α). The article presents 3 clinical cases of the development of UA during therapy with TNF-α. Possible mechanisms are discussed, as well as the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of this condition.

TARI JAIPONG SEBAGAI INSPIRASI DESAIN INTERIOR HOTEL DI BANDUNG


 
 
 
 
 Globalization affects all aspects of people's lives, including changes in cultural values. This threatens the diversity and uniqueness of the existing local culture. In general, culture is more focused on universal form and uniformity. For this reason, efforts are needed to introduce and redevelop the cultural diversity of the local area. One of the strategies is to promote traditional culture as a source of inspiration in the interior design concept of a city hotel. This interior design uses the Jaipong Kawung Anten dance as a source of inspiration for City Hotel's interior design. The research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Processing the design concept takes the character and philosophy of the Jaipong Kawung Anten dance. The Jaipong Kawung Anten dance tells the story of the daughter of Kawung Anten from the Sumedang Larang kingdom. The character of the dance is dynamic, varied, energetic, and masculine. The elements of the dance are implemented in the treatment of walls, floors, and the selection of furniture. Some elements of the Jaipong Kawung Anten dance are also processed into artwork and hotel interior ornaments. The choice of interior materials and colors also refers to the visualization of the Jaipong Kawung Anten dance. The results of this interior design are expected to become an iconic hotel in Bandung with the theme "Jaipong Kawung Anten". Through interior design, this can also be an effort to help preserve traditional Sundanese culture.
 
 
 
 
 
 

Ternary quadratic forms representing a given arithmetic progression

A positive quadratic form is (k,ℓ)-universal if it represents all the numbers kx+ℓ where x is a non-negative integer, and almost (k,ℓ)-universal if it represents all but finitely many of them. We prove that for any k,ℓ such that k∤ℓ there exists an almost (k,ℓ)-universal diagonal ternary form. We also conjecture that there are only finitely many primes p for which a (p,ℓ)-universal diagonal ternary form exists (for any ℓ<p) and we show the results of computer experiments that speak in favor of the conjecture.

A cubic ring of integers with the smallest Pythagoras number

We prove that the ring of integers in the totally real cubic subfield $K^{(49)}$ of the cyclotomic field $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_7)$ has Pythagoras number equal to $4$. This is the smallest possible value for a totally real number field of odd degree. Moreover, we determine which numbers are sums of integral squares in this field, and use this knowledge to construct a diagonal universal quadratic form in five variables.

Critical point for demixing of binary hard spheres.

We use a two-level simulation method to analyze the critical point associated with demixing of binary hard-sphere mixtures. The method exploits an accurate coarse-grained model with two- and three-body effective interactions. Using this model within the two-level methodology allows computation of properties of the full (fine-grained) mixture. The critical point is located by computing the probability distribution for the number of large particles in the grand canonical ensemble and matching to the universal form for the 3D Ising universality class. The results have a strong and unexpected dependence on the size ratio between large and small particles, which is related to three-body effective interactions and the geometry of the underlying hard-sphere packings.

A large-N expansion for minimum bias

Despite being the overwhelming majority of events produced in hadron or heavy ion collisions, minimum bias events do not enjoy a robust first-principles theoretical description as their dynamics are dominated by low-energy quantum chromodynamics. In this paper, we present a novel expansion scheme of the cross section for minimum bias events that exploits an ergodic hypothesis for particles in the events and events in an ensemble of data. We identify power counting rules and symmetries of minimum bias from which the form of the squared matrix element can be expanded in symmetric polynomials of the phase space coordinates. This expansion is entirely defined in terms of observable quantities, in contrast to models of heavy ion collisions that rely on unmeasurable quantities like the number of nucleons participating in the collision, or tunes of parton shower parameters to describe the underlying event in proton collisions. The expansion parameter that we identify from our power counting is the number of detected particles N and as N → ∞ the variance of the squared matrix element about its mean, constant value on phase space vanishes. With this expansion, we show that the transverse momentum distribution of particles takes a universal form that only depends on a single parameter, has a fractional dispersion relation, and agrees with data in its realm of validity. We show that the constraint of positivity of the squared matrix element requires that all azimuthal correlations vanish in the N → ∞ limit at fixed center-of-mass energy, as observed in data. The approach we follow allows for a unified treatment of small and large system collective behavior, being equally applicable to describe, e.g., elliptic flow in PbPb collisions and the “ridge” in pp collisions. We also briefly comment on power counting and symmetries for minimum bias events in other collider environments and show that a possible ridge in e+e− collisions is highly suppressed as a consequence of its symmetries.

Von Karman Correlation Similarity of the Turbulent Interplanetary Magnetic Field

Abstract A major development underlying much of hydrodynamic turbulence theory is the similarity decay hypothesis due to von Karman and Howarth here extended empirically to magnetic field fluctuations in the solar wind. In similarity decay the second-order correlation experiences a continuous transformation based on a universal functional form and a rescaling of energy and characteristic length. Solar wind turbulence follows many principles adapted from classical fluid turbulence, but previously this similarity property has not been examined explicitly. Here we analyze an ensemble of magnetic correlation functions computed from Advanced Composition Explorer data at 1 au, and demonstrate explicitly that the two-point correlation functions undergo a collapse to a similarity form of the type anticipated from von Karman’s hypothesis. This provides for the first time a firm empirical basis for employing the similarity decay hypothesis to the magnetic field, one of the primitive variables of magnetohydrodynamics, and one frequently more accessible from spacecraft instruments. This approach is of substantial utility in space turbulence data analysis, and for adopting von Karman-type heating rates in global and subgrid-scale dynamical modeling.

Problems of defining legal reality in philosophy and legal science

The article considers the problems of determining the legal reality category in the law philosophy. The aim of the research is to generalize scientific knowledge and theories that reveal the category of legal reality. With the help of general and special research methods analysis and generalization of scientific material is carried out, consideration of various approaches to legal reality in order to identify the main features and constituent elements of this category. The points of view and scientific positions of philosophers and legal theorists in the field of researching the legal reality problems are analyzed and compared. The categories of «legal reality», «legal life», «legal system» as phenomena of social reality interacting with each other and constituting the broadest philosophical and legal category of «legal reality» are considered. The result of the research is the consideration of legal reality as the most general category, which includes the entire spectrum of legal phenomena occurring in social life. The legal reality research is considered to be the basic requirement of modern humanitarian science, which aims to ensure the most complete the human personality development in harmony with public interests and needs, the most important of which are mediated through law and legislation. The main determining the right reality problems are highlighted, which are due to a wide range of the phenomenon under consideration, a large constituent elements number, a different law understanding and the elements included in this category. Legal reality is a complex category, it is the real existence of legal matter as a type of social reality, which is characterized by universal existence forms of matter: space, time, movement.

The Creation of the Basic Inventions Classification Model for the Estimating Significance of Intellectual Property Objects considering the Development of Means of Protection against Weapons of Mass Destruction

The relevance of the article is conditioned by the necessity to form scientific and methodological support for the process of identifying promising technical solutions, carried out in the course of scientific and technical examination of military and dual-purpose innovative projects on behalf of the Russian Federation Armed Forces. The aim of the paper is to create the basic inventions classification model for the estimating significance of intellectual property objects, namely weapons of mass destruction-oriented patents and utility models. The article is based on the system analysis and expert questioning methods. During research the authors suggested the basic inventions classification model, which includes preselection of inventions based on the predictive availability criterion, technical, scientific, techno-economic value estimation and calculation of integral value index. For the predictive prospectivity estimation, the universal selection forms of inventions were developed, which are matrix-type evaluation tables that take into account various characteristics of inventions, ranked by degree of importance; the universal selection forms for each type of invention («device», «method», «substance», «new purpose application») and groups of inventions («substance + method», «device + method») were developed as well. A new criterion characterizing the legal status of the invention for technical value estimation by the patent-legal indicators of the protection document is proposed. The obsolescence index of the techno-economic value calculation formula, which allows for more accurate calculations is introduced. The authors also grounded the time interval within which patent documents are searched for identifying the basic invention, equal to an average of ten years

“Islands of excellence”: On the emergence of corporate socials in India

In 2014, the government of India mandated that India's largest companies devote 2% of their net profits to corporate social responsibility (CSR). Drawing on fieldwork on the CSR activities of Bangalore‐based Titan, a Tata Group company and India's largest watch producer, and Wipro, one of India's largest IT companies, this article contends that government‐mandated biopolitical engagements by Indian corporations forge new iterations of “the social” and are generative of spatially delimited and heterogeneous “corporate socials.” Corporate socials can be situated within broader global shifts away from universal forms of social welfare. While these developments may represent the “death of the social,” I contend that they are an emergent modality of government‐mandated service provision by private actors in India, one that is giving rise to a patchwork of plural socials, which proponents argue can also serve as engines of corporate‐led resource redistribution.