Unit Selection Research Articles

Rational Design Dithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]Quinoxaline-Based Polymers with Optimized Molecular Configuration and Charge Transfer for High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells.

Due to poor planarity and weak intermolecular interactions of acceptor units which have two-dimensional configuration, the development of related polymers is slow. In this work, we synthesized a dithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-based unit substituted with fluorinated thiophene, which can effectively expand the area of the acceptor unit. Then, it paired with three different benzodithiophene-based donor units, and three new polymers of PQTF-BT, PQTF-BTCl and PQTF-DTCl were obtained. PQTF-BT with thiophene side chain exhibits appropriate aggregation and crystallization performance, and the PQTF-BT:PY-IT all-polymer solar cells exhibit high device efficiency of 15.54 %. Meanwhile, PQTF-BTCl with chlorination strategy on thiophene side chain further enhances the open-circuit voltage of related devices. However, it has negative impact on the miscibility and charge transfer of the material, leading to a poor efficiency of 8.71 % in the PQTF-BTCl:PY-IT device. To reinforce miscibility, PQTF-DTCl with expanded backbone planarity was further studied. However, the big dihedral angles of the donor side chains disrupted the effective stacking of the molecules, resulting in great recovery of device performance to 13.42 %. This work provides research ideas for the design of polymers with two-dimensional configuration side chain and match selection of donor units.

Dynamic Carbon Emission Factors in Source–Network–Storage Power System Planning: A Focus on Inverse Modelling

In light of global climate change, China has set strategic goals for carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, emphasizing the necessity of constructing a new power system with a high proportion of renewable energy sources. As coal-fired power plants are the main carbon emissions source in the power system, their low-carbon transition and morphology structure optimization is crucial. This paper explores the critical role of dynamic carbon emission factors within source–network–storage power system planning and proposes an innovative inverse dynamic carbon emission factor that effectively captures the nonlinear relationship between load rates and emissions. Comparative analyses using the HRP-38 test case demonstrate that the inverse model enhances computational efficiency, reduces solution times, and more accurately reflects the emissions characteristics of coal-fired units across varying operational conditions. Furthermore, the inverse model offers improved economic performance and broader flexibility in unit selection, highlighting its potential to balance carbon emissions control and economic optimization in future power system planning.

A Near-Infrared II Luminogen with a Photothermal Effect toward Tumor Drug Resistance Reversal.

Multidrug resistance of tumor cells has greatly limited the chemotherapy effect. The development of reliable strategies to deal with tumor multidrug resistance is highly desirable for tumor therapy. In this work, a near-infrared II (NIR II) luminogen was rationally designed and prepared, which could act as a photothermal reagent to reverse the drug resistance of tumor cells by reducing the related protein expression, achieving a high inhibition efficiency with the synergistic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. By the selection of a strong electron-withdrawing unit, the emission peak of the luminogen could reach 973 nm. Moreover, this luminogen shows outstanding photothermal conversion ability and improved thermal stability compared to ICG. Notably, after the photothermal treatment of drug-resistant tumor cells by the NIR II luminogen, the antitumor efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs, including paclitaxel, cis-platinum, and doxorubicin, was significantly enhanced. The mechanism exploration revealed that drug resistance-related proteins were remarkably reduced, making the cells more sensitive toward drugs. Thus, this strategy demonstrated a promising and reliable approach to reverse the drug resistance of tumor cells for efficient tumor inhibition in the clinic.

INTEGRATING APPLIED LINGUISTICS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED ARABIC TEXT-TO-SPEECH SYNTHESIZER

Currently, Text-to-Speech (TTS) or speech synthesis, the ability of the complex system to generate a human-like sounding voice from the written text, is becoming increasingly popular in speech processing in various complex systems. TTS is the artificial generation of human speech. A classical TTS system translates a language text into a waveform. Several English TTS systems produce human-like, mature, and natural speech synthesizers. On the other hand, other languages, such as Arabic, have just been considered. The present Arabic speech synthesis solution is of low quality and slow, and the naturalness of synthesized speech is lower than that of English synthesizers. Also, they lack crucial primary speech factors, including rhythm, intonation, and stress. Several studies have been proposed to resolve these problems, integrating using concatenative techniques like parametric or unit selection methods. This paper proposes an Applied Linguistics with Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Arabic Text-to-Speech Synthesizer (ALAI-ATTS) model. This ALAI-ATTS technique includes three essential components: data preprocessing through phonetization and diacritization, Extreme Learning Machine (ELM)-based speech synthesis, and Grey Wolf Fractals Optimization (GWO)-based parameter tuning. Initially, the data preprocessing step includes diacritization, where diacritics are restored to unvoweled text to ensure correct pronunciation, followed by phonetization, translating the text into its phonetic representation. Then, the ELM-based speech synthesis model uses the processed dataset for speech generation. ELMs, well known for their excellent generalization performance and fast learning speed, are especially suitable for real-time TTS applications, balancing high-quality speech output and computational efficiency. Lastly, the GWO methodology is employed to tune the parameters of the ELM. The simulation outcomes validate that the ALAI-ATTS technique considerably enhances the intelligibility and naturalness of Arabic synthesized speech compared to existing approaches. The experimental results of the ALAI-ATTS technique portrayed a lesser value of 3.48, 0.15 and 1.37, 0.25 under WER and DER.

STCM-GCN: a spatial-temproal prediction method for traffic crashes under road network constraints

Existing research faces challenges in accurately predicting crashes due to the unreasonable selection of spatial units, biased crash data collection, and insufficient integration of multi-source data. To address these issues, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for node classification are employed to predict crashes at macroscopic road level. Crash alarm data are incorporated as a supplement to official archive data to ensure the spatial–temporal distribution's authenticity and to mitigate data sparsity. Additionally, traffic violation data are included as a feature to enrich risk information. Finally, a multi-graph deep learning framework (STCM-GCN) with spatial, temporal, and spatial–temporal modules has been developed. Data from Shenzhen, China, demonstrates that the STCM-GCN outperforms baseline models and has a reasonable structure. The inclusion of crash alarm data and traffic violations contributes to performance improvement. Additionally, the model exhibits spatial–temporal robustness, and the analysis of computational efficiency provides comprehensive insights into the model's capabilities.

Delivery of evidence-based critical care practices across the United Kingdom: A UK-wide multi-site service evaluation in adult units.

The ICU Liberation Bundle was developed to improve outcomes for patients admitted to critical care. Despite a lack of Bundle adoption in the UK, the individual evidence-based practices (EBPs) within the bundle are defined as standards of care by the UK Intensive Care Society. There are limited data on the delivery of these EBPs. To evaluate current delivery of the EBPs of the ICU Liberation bundle in a sample of hospitals in the UK National Health Service (NHS) presenting delivery of EBP's between hospitals, their stability of delivery across multiple weeks and in comparison to US hospitals in the original ICU Liberation Bundle study. Multi-centre service evaluation, using modified definitions of compliance from the ICU Liberation Bundle study. We sampled six representative units from across the UK; data collection totalled 1116 patient days. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Across all six units, patients received a median of 42.9% (IQR 40%-60%) of all possible bundle EBPs. Unit bundle proportional compliance (number of components completed/eligible number of components) ranged from 40.0% (IQR 28.6%-50.0%) to 71.4% (IQR 57.1%-80.0%). Units completed spontaneous awakening trials most regularly in 80.1% of eligible patients (149/186). Delirium assessments were the least adhered to EBP with only 32.2% (359/1116) of patients receiving at least two validated delirium assessments per day. Full bundle compliance was lower in the UK cohort in comparison to the original trial (4% vs 8%). We identified substantial variation in the delivery of seven evidence-based practices that are considered standards of care in the UK. Variation existed between hospitals and within each hospital over time. These data begin to describe the current state of EBP adherence in a selection of critical care units.

PECULIARITIES OF THE KEY IMAGES CONVEYING OF А.S. PUSHKIN’S POEM “TO THE SLANDERERS OF RUSSIA” IN ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS

The article deals with the peculiarities of rendering the key images of A.S. Pushkin’s poem “To the Slanderers of Russia” in the English translations. The research aims at comparative analysis of the key images rendering and stylistic features of the poem. The research material comprises three English translations. The article analyses the transformation of the text and its key images. In particular, the article compares the semantic fields of the original lexemes with their English equivalents. It is defined how the translator’s selection of a particular translation unit affects the tonality of the work. Moreover, the impact of the historical context and the translators’ personal perception on the translated text is analysed. The article deals with the problem of transferring realities when translating a poetic text. The study applies elements of etymological, comparative-historical and comparative analyses. The images conveyed are actively undergone various translational transformations. The transferred images are actively subjected to various translation transformations.

Ultra‐High Metal‐Ion Selectivity Induced by Intramolecular Cation‐π Interactions for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Precise Heterometallic Architectures

AbstractHeterometallic supramolecules, known for their unique synergistic effects, have shown broad applications in photochemistry, host‐guest chemistry, and catalysis. However, there are great challenges to precisely construct heterometallic supramolecules rather than a statistical mixture, due to the limited metal‐ion selectivity of coordination units. In particular, heterometallic architectures precisely encoded with different metal ions usually fail to form in a one‐pot method when only one type of coordinated motif exists due to its poor metal‐ion selectivity. Herein, we propose an effective intramolecular cation‐π (ICπ) strategy and successfully constructed the heterometallic supramolecule Zn2Cu4L34 by the one‐pot self‐assembly of tritopic terpyridyl ligand L3 with Zn(II) and Cu(II), following a clear self‐assembly mechanism in which only thermodynamic dimers ZnL12 and Cu2L22 were constructed with model ligands L1, L2, Zn(II) and Cu(II) with perfect self‐sorting and an ultra‐high metal‐selectivity feature. The successful construction of the heterometallic supramolecule Zn2Cu4L34, in which the definite sequence of metal ions Zn(II) and Cu(II) is encoded in the one‐pot method, will offer a novel approach to precisely construct heterometallic architectures.

Ultra-High Metal-Ion Selectivity Induced by Intramolecular Cation-π Interactions for the One-Pot Synthesis of Precise Heterometallic Architectures.

Heterometallic supramolecules, known for their unique synergistic effects, have shown broad applications in photochemistry, host-guest chemistry, and catalysis. However, there are great challenges to precisely construct heterometallic supramolecules rather than a statistical mixture, due to the limited metal-ion selectivity of coordination units. In particular, heterometallic architectures precisely encoded with different metal ions usually fail to form in a one-pot method when only one type of coordinated motif exists due to its poor metal-ion selectivity. Herein, we propose an effective intramolecular cation-π (ICπ) strategy and successfully constructed the heterometallic supramolecule Zn2Cu4L34 by the one-pot self-assembly of tritopic terpyridyl ligand L3 with Zn(II) and Cu(II), following a clear self-assembly mechanism in which only thermodynamic dimers ZnL12 and Cu2L22 were constructed with model ligands L1, L2, Zn(II) and Cu(II) with perfect self-sorting and an ultra-high metal-selectivity feature. The successful construction of the heterometallic supramolecule Zn2Cu4L34, in which the definite sequence of metal ions Zn(II) and Cu(II) is encoded in the one-pot method, will offer a novel approach to precisely construct heterometallic architectures.

Development of a quantitative prediction algorithm for human cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells using parametric and non-parametric machine learning models

The transplantation of CD34+ hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from cord blood serves as the standard treatment for selected hematological, oncological, metabolic, and immunodeficiency disorders, of which the dose is pivotal to the clinical outcome. Based on numerous maternal and neonatal parameters, we evaluated the predictive power of mathematical pipelines to the proportion of CD34+ cells in the final cryopreserved cord blood product adopting both parametric and non-parametric algorithms. Twenty-four predictor variables associated with the cord blood processing of 802 processed cord blood units randomly sampled in 2020–2022 were retrieved and analyzed. Prediction models were developed by adopting the parametric (multivariate linear regression) and non-parametric (random forest and back propagation neural network) statistical models to investigate the data patterns for determining the single outcome (i.e., the proportion of CD34+ cells). The multivariate linear regression model produced the lowest root-mean-square deviation (0.0982). However, the model created by the back propagation neural network produced the highest median absolute deviation (0.0689) and predictive power (56.99%) in comparison to the random forest and multivariate linear regression. The predictive model depending on a combination of continuous and discrete maternal with neonatal parameters associated with cord blood processing can predict the CD34+ dose in the final product for clinical utilization. The back propagation neural network algorithm produces a model with the highest predictive power which can be widely applied to assisting cell banks for optimal cord blood unit selection to ensure the highest chance of transplantation success.

Inflated electronic and optical assessment of gC3N4/ZnO nanocomposite as a potential emissive layer material for OLED application

Organo-inorganic nanocomposite materials have been proven to be novel hybrid materials with inflated electronic and optical performance that can be tailored with the judicious selection of the building units or their combinations. Here, hydrothermal, thermal polycondensation, and ultrasonication techniques were used to synthesize pure ZnO, gC3N4, and gC3N4/ZnO with varying weights % such as 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % of ZnO inorganic filler elements in gC3N4 matrix. The crystalline phase (hexagonal wurtzite) and crystallite size (10.0 nm, 17.6 nm, and 15.90 nm) of the synthesized materials were examined by X-ray diffractometer. The FESEM and HRTEM characterizations revealed the sheet-like gC3N4 and spherical-type ZnO nanoparticle-like microstructures of the samples. The present functional groups, corresponding vibrational frequency, chemical states, and binding energy were investigated using FTIR and XPS spectroscopic methods. Optical parameters such as optical band gap energy (Eg = 3.24 eV), Urbach energy (Eu = 0.41 eV), refractive index (n = 1.99), emission quantum yield (∼ 69.03 %), and color purity of the nanocomposites were examined using UV visible and photoluminescence spectroscopic techniques. IV and Hall measurements techniques were used to determine the semiconducting parameters of the optimized sample, such as conductivity (∼62.90×10−5 S/cm), carrier mobility (∼ 44.1 cm2/Volt. Sce), carrier concentrations (∼1.825×1014 cm−3), and sheet resistance (∼1.062×103 Ω/cm2). Due to their excellent optical and electrical behavior, the nanocomposite materials were found to be fairly suitable as a potential emissive layer material for OLED applications.

General public knowledge, attitudes, and practices about rabies and associated factors in Gomma district of Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia.

Rabies is a disease of warm-blooded animals that affects the central nervous system and is almost invariably fatal once clinical signs develop. It is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in several areas of the world, including Ethiopia. Additionally, the burden of the disease is estimated to be high in Ethiopia, and public awareness contributes to prevention. A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from June-August 2023 in the Gomma district, Jimma zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of communities towards rabies and associated risk factors using a structured questionnaire survey. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for the selection of the sampling units and a total of 140 participants were interviewed. The questionnaire parts included socio-demographics information, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the community's respect for rabies management and control. The data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20. Descriptive analyses were employed and multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the association between independent and dependent variables (Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice scores). About 134 (95.7%) respondents had heard about rabies. Likewise, 75 (53.6%), 55 (39.3%), and 95 (67.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices, respectively. Christians were more likely to have higher knowledge scores than Muslims (AOR = 6.876, CI = 1.750-27.016, p = 0.006). Respondents who knew someone's exposure had a higher knowledge score than those who did not (AOR = 6.208, CI = 2.750-14.012, p = 0.000). Moreover, Muslims were found to have a more favorable attitudes than Christians (AOR = 5.518, CI = 1.199-25.391, p = 0.028). Those who knew someone's exposure to rabies were found to have a more favorable attitudes than those who did not (AOR = 2.367, CI = 1.157-4.839, p = 0.018). Respondents who had favorable attitudes towards rabies were found to have more good practices than unfavorable attitudes (AOR = 3.267, CI = 1.391, 7.730, p = 0.005). The study revealed a gap in knowledge among communities in the study area. Thus, rabies control activity and community awareness should be implemented with stakeholders.

Feasibility and Affordability of Low-Cost Air Sensors with Internet of Things for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring in Residential Buildings: Systematic Review on Sensor Information and Residential Applications, with Experience-Based Discussions

In residential buildings that are private, autonomous, and occupied spaces for most of the time, it is necessary to maintain good indoor air quality (IAQ), especially when there are children, elderly, or other vulnerable users. Within the development of sensors, their low-cost features with adequate accuracy and reliability, as well as Internet of Things applications, make them affordable, flexible, and feasible even for ordinary occupants to guarantee IAQ monitoring in their homes. This systematic review searched papers based on Scopus and Web of Science databases about the Low-Cost Sensors (LCS) and IoT applications in residential IAQ research, and 23 studies were included with targeted research contents. The review highlights several aspects of the active monitoring strategies in residential buildings, including the following: (1) Applying existing appropriate sensors and their target pollutants; (2) Applying micro-controller unit selection; (3) Sensors and devices’ costs and their monitoring applications; (4) Data collection and storage methods; (5) LCS calibration methods in applications. In addition, the review also discussed some possible solutions and limitations of LCS applications in residential buildings based on the applications from the included works and past device development experiences.

FORMATION OF CONCEPTUAL AND TERMINOLOGICAL APPARATUS AS A COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED FUTURE PHARMACIST TRAINING

The article analyzes the process of forming the conceptual and terminological apparatus as a component of professionally oriented training of future pharmacists; based on generalization of theoretical foundations, the features, strategies, and methods, the formation of the conceptual and terminological apparatus that contribute to the efficient training of future pharmacists in the process of studying the discipline «Analytical Chemistry» are revealed. The following criteria for the selection of chemical terms and concepts are proposed: thematic affiliation (exclusion of terms from related fields), focus on the vocabulary, systematicity, completeness of terminology coverage, as well as synchronicity (time factor), usage (frequency), semantic value of the term, term-forming capacity, normativity, and connectivity. The article considers the holistic organization of work on the qualitative mastering of the terminological vocabulary of analytical chemistry, and the development of professionally oriented communicative competence of future specialists majoring in the specialty 226 «Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy». It involves the use of proven methods and techniques for the rational selection, semantization and presentation of terminological language units. The exercises are divided into types, and their sequence in working with terms is established: introduction of terminological vocabulary (preparatory exercises) – language exercises – communicative and linguistic exercises, which involve the simultaneous selection and functioning of pre-text, while-text, and post-text exercises in such work. Post-textual tasks and forms of application of exercises have been developed. They are the following: work in pairs, organizing a cluster based on reference material, sentence construction, terminological dictation, and crossword puzzles. microtext construction, formulating definitions of terms, working with mental maps, using multimedia, trainings, video presentations, and the game «Guess the term!». It has been concluded that the usage of various communicative and speech exercises aimed at mastering terminological vocabulary in the process of teaching analytical chemistry contributes to professional communication skills improvement in the discipline and, by forming terminological experience, increases the level of professional language competence of future pharmacy specialists.

Effects of fluorine atom numbers on electrochromic properties of the benzothiadiazole-based D-A polymers

In this work, two fluorinated D-π-A-π-D type monomers, F-EDOT and FF-EDOT, were facilely synthesized by donor-acceptor-donor method via Stille coupling reaction, with monofluorinated benzothiadiazole and difluorinated benzothiadiazole as the acceptor units and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as the donor units. The electrochemical polymerization behavior of the fluorinated monomers, electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the corresponding fluorinated D-A polymers were compared to study the effects of different fluorine atom numbers on the optoelectronic properties of the monomers and their resultant D-A polymers. The results show that the introduction of more F atoms into the conjugated backbone increases the oxidation potential of monomers, both of them have low initial oxidation potential (0.65 V/0.70 V). As in the case of monomers, the substitution of more F atoms also leads to the decreased HOMO energy level of the polymers, thus leading to the increased band gap energy of P(FF-EDOT) (1.39 eV). This result can be attributed to the deviation of planarity and the reduced effective conjugate length. As prepared fluorinated D-A polymers also have good adhesion on the electrode surface, favorable redox activity, and outstanding redox stability (the redox activity of P(F-EDOT) remains 99 % after 1000 cycles). At the same time, the fluorinated D-A polymers also show distinguish electrochromic properties under various external potentials; both the optical contrast and coloration efficiency decreased with the increase of F atom numbers, and the corresponding response time increased. As a result, both the fluorinated D-A polymers show light green in the neutral state, P(F-EDOT) shows more obvious electrochromic performance in the near infrared region (optical contrast: 35.02 %, coloration efficiency: 159.94 cm2 C−1, and quick response time: 0.2 s), accompanied with excellent discoloration stability and optical memory effect. The study of novel fluorinated-based electrochromic materials further expands the selection of acceptor units and the application prospect of electrochromic materials.

Reconfigurable, Transformable Soft Pneumatic Actuator with Tunable Three-Dimensional Deformations for Dexterous Soft Robotics Applications.

Numerous soft actuators based on pneumatic network (PneuNet) design have already been proposed and extensively employed across various soft robotics applications in recent years. Despite their widespread use, a common limitation of most existing designs is that their action is predetermined during the fabrication process, thereby restricting the ability to modify or alter their function during operation. To address this shortcoming, in this article the design of a Reconfigurable, Transformable Soft Pneumatic Actuator (RT-SPA) is proposed. The working principle of the RT-SPA is analogous to the conventional PneuNet. The key distinction between the two lies in the ability of the RT-SPA to undergo controlled transformations, allowing for more versatile bending and twisting motions in various directions. Furthermore, the unique reconfigurable design of the RT-SPA enables the selection of actuation units with different sizes to achieve a diverse range of three-dimensional deformations. This versatility enhances the RT-SPA's potential for adaptation to a multitude of tasks and environments, setting it apart from traditional PneuNet. The article begins with a detailed description of the design and fabrication of the RT-SPA. Following this, a series of experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the RT-SPA. Finally, the abilities of the RT-SPA for locomotion, gripping, and object manipulation are demonstrated to illustrate the versatility of the RT-SPA across different aspects.

Study on seismic performance of RC columns strengthened with CFRP-steel tube self-compacting concrete

In order to study the seismic performance of Reinforced Concrete columns strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer-steel tube self-compacting concrete, seven strengthened columns and one unstrengthened column were designed and manufactured with the main parameters of axial compression ratio, self-compact concrete strength, steel tube shape and steel tube thickness. The hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, stiffness, steel tube surface and steel bar strain variation of the specimens were analyzed. The test results show that the strengthened part of the specimen has good cooperative working ability with the RC column, and the failure process and failure mode of the specimen are similar to those of the concrete filled steel tube. Under the action of horizontal reciprocating load, the concrete at the bottom of the strengthened column is cracked; with the increase of horizontal displacement, the hysteresis curve becomes full and the energy dissipation capacity increases. The finite element software ABAQUS is used to model and analyze the specimens. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. It is proved that the simulation is reasonable and effective in unit selection, contact setting, meshing and material constitutive selection. The hysteresis curve, skeleton curve and failure mode of each specimen are obtained.

Research and Analysis on the Improvement of Key Factors in Urban Renewal Review

<p>我國的都市更新政策最早源自民國1973年制訂之都市計畫法「舊市區更新」，後參考美、日等先進國家經驗，於1998年制訂「都市更新條例」，作為我國實施都市更新的依據。希望藉由民間的力量與效率，促進都市土地有計畫之再開發利用，復甦都市機能，改善居住環境與景觀，增進公共利益；同時，藉由都市更新容積獎勵與稅捐減免，期能降低相關權利人重建負擔，提高參與意願。都市更新事業計畫及權利變換計畫為都市更新實際執行之依據，計畫向主管機關申請報核後，實施者團隊歷經主管機關審查、補正、公辧公聽會、幹事會、聽證會等等程序，最後也最為關鍵的程序就是通過都市更新審議。都市更新事業計畫及權利變換計畫之內容，涉及都市計畫、建築、景觀、交通、財務、估價、地政等等相關專業。無論都市更新容積獎勵、人行步道與開放空間留設、公共設施的闢設與捐贈、公益設施的捐贈等等公益(共)議題，以及建築規劃設計、價值評定、選取房屋單元(含停車位)及權利分配等等私權議題，均屬都市更新審議事項。審議委員、主管機關代表、以及實施者團隊，經由簡報、詢答的審議程序，權衡公私權益，以及計畫的可行性，獲致最終的審議結果，是一項必需兼顧效率與效果的高難度任務。本研究針對都市更新相關從業者進行問卷調查，對於臺北市都市更新審議之事前會議通知時間等10項審議品質事項，以及容積獎勵額度等14項審議事項，進行重要性與滿意度調查；並利用重要性-表現分析法(Importance-Performance Analysis ; IPA)，針對回收問卷進行統計分析，篩選出重要性高、滿意度低的因子作為都市更新審議之改善關鍵因素，包含：排會審議案量適當、清楚明快的決議、登記發言異議事項(爭點)、出席審議之委員(組成)、營建費用及特殊因素加計費用、更新前後價值評定、實施者對於人陳異議之處理等7項事項，提供主管機關、實施者、都市更新相關從業者參考，俾精進都市更新審議作業。</p> <p> </p><p>Our country’s urban renewal policy originated from the ""Old Urban Renewal"" Urban Planning Law enacted in 1973 in Taiwan. Later, with reference to the experience of advanced countries such as the United States and Japan, the ""Urban Renewal Act"" was formulated in 1998 as our country’s implementation of urban renewal. This Act is enacted to promote a well-planned urban land redevelopment, revitalize urban functions, and improve urban living environments and landscapes for the public interest through private sector efforts and efficiency. Additionally, urban renewal aimed to reduce the burden of related rights holders through floor area incentives and tax reduced/exempted, thereby increasing their willingness to participate. The urban renewal project plan and the rights transformation plan are the basis for the actual implementation of urban renewal. After the plan is submitted to the competent authority for approval, the implementer team will undergo review, correction, public hearings, director meetings, hearings, etc. and other procedures, the last and most critical procedure is to pass the urban renewal review. The contents of urban renewal project plans and rights transformation plans involve urban planning, architecture, landscape, transportation, finance, valuation, land administration and other related majors. Regardless of public welfare issues such as urban renewal floor area incentives, pedestrian walkways and open space reservations, construction and donation of public facilities, donation of public welfare facilities, etc., as well as architectural planning and design, value assessment, and selection of housing units (including parking spaces) and rights distribution and other private rights issues are all matters for urban renewal review. The review committee members, representatives of the competent authorities, and the implementer team weigh public and private interests and the feasibility of the plan through briefings, question-and-answer review procedures, and arrive at the final review result. This is a difficult task that requires both efficiency and effectiveness. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on practitioners related to urban renewal, and conducted an importance and satisfaction survey on 10 review quality matters such as the notification time of pre-meetings for urban renewal review in Taipei City, and 14 review matters such as floor area incentives; and used Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), conducts statistical analysis on the returned questionnaires, and selects factors with high importance and low satisfaction as key factors for improving urban renewal review, including: appropriate number of cases for deliberation, 7 items including clear and concise resolutions, registration of objections (issues), committee members attending the review (composition), construction costs and special factors plus costs, value assessment before and after the urban renewal, and the implementer’s handling of objections are provided. It is a reference for competent authorities, implementers, and urban renewal-related practitioners to improve urban renewal review works.</p> <p> </p>

Optimal establishment of processing unit and partner selection problem of perishable product supply chain: apple case study of India

Decentralized supply chain operation in India adds to inefficiency in management and control difficulties for perishable product supply chain (PPSC). One of the important categories of factors that underly the problem in supply chain is the establishment of processing units that results in end – product distribution. This paper presents an optimal establishment of processing unit around production area for apple supply chain as a case study of India. This study proposed amalgamation of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and colored petri nets (CPN) to model the PPSC. The mathematical model was set up in regard with capacity of processing unit and transportation cost with continuation in partner selection using MILP approach. The simulation model directs the maximization of system performance by running in CPN environment. The values of the results are subjected to transportation cost and production area with estimate of 25% loss during post harvesting such as transportation and environmental variation. The results corresponding to the case study provided an optimal establishment of processing units. Further, the specific partner associated with the facility and transportation cost. Decision-makers can identify the set of partners from the set of facilities dependent upon the transportation cost for further supply of product using a threshold values. Thereby, the model can be used as a decision-making system for processing companies to result in efficient PPSC management. The developed model was tested and validated on case study to demonstrate our approach’s applicability.

Design and performance of sulfur and selenium-substituted triarylboron D3-A TADF emitters for OLED applications

This study presents the design, synthesis, and comprehensive theoretical and photophysical analysis of two new D3-A type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) applications. Utilizing a triarylboron core as the electron-accepting group and phenothiazine (PTZ) or phenoselenazine (PSZ) as electron-donating units, the molecules BTP-S and BTP-Se were developed. The D3-A structure supports the separation of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), leading to minimized singlet-triplet energy gaps (ΔEST), which are crucial for the TADF mechanism. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations presented that BTP-S and BTP-Se exhibit band gaps (Eg) of 2.52 and 3.23 eV, respectively, with BTP-S showing an ΔEST value as low as 0.007 eV for the S1-T1 transition at the lowest energy conformation. Photophysical studies revealed high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) for both compounds, with BTP-S achieving up to 85 % in mCP films and BTP-Se up to 59 %. In vacuum-processed OLEDs, BTP-S achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.3 %, a current efficiency (ηc) of 195.8 cd/A, and a maximum luminance (Lmax) of 17356 cd/m2, while BTP-Se reached an EQE of 7.5 %, an ηc of 132.19 cd/A, and an Lmax of 16826 cd/m2 likely limited by the contributions of a folded-donor conformer enabled by the Se substitution. These findings underscore the impact of donor unit selection and conformation on the TADF characteristics, and provide valuable insights for designing high-performance OLED materials.