Unique Model Research Articles

Review of RF Device Behavior Model: Measurement Techniques, Applications, and Challenges.

This review presents a concise overview of RF (radio frequency) power transistor behavior models, which is crucial for optimizing RF performance in high-frequency applications like wireless communication, radar, and satellites. The paper highlights the significance of accurate modeling in understanding transistor behavior and traces the evolution of behavior modeling techniques. Different behavior modeling strategies, such as LUT (look-up table) based models, polynomial equation-based models, and machine learning based models, are discussed along with their unique characteristics and modeling challenges. The review explores the difference between behavior models and the conventional empirical or physics-based modeling approaches, addressing the challenges of the accurate characterization of transistors at high frequencies and power levels. This paper concludes with an outlook of emerging trends, such as physical models combined with behavior models, shaping the future of RF power transistor modeling for more efficient communication systems.

Which Interfaces Matter Most? Variability in Grain Boundary Defect Chemistry and Conductivity in a Concentrated Solid Electrolyte

Inorganic solid electrolytes with fast ionic conductivity are critical components of fuel/electrolysis cells, all-solid-state batteries, membrane and separation reactors, sensors and other electrochemical devices. For example, solid oxygen ion (O2-) conductors are used in solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells (SOFCs/SOECs) for high-efficiency conversion between chemical and electrical energy and chemical production from CO2. One major challenge in engineering such materials is the diminished grain boundary (GB) conductivity in polycrystalline oxide ceramics. This phenomenon, which was initially accredited to highly resistive silica-based glassy impurity phases, is attributed to the formation of intrinsic space charge layers (SCLs) directly adjacent to GB cores. The positive potential at the GB core (due to large concentrations of oxygen vacancies) results in a depletion of oxygen vacancies in the space charge layer as well as the segregation of charge-compensating acceptor solutes from grain interiors which ultimately reduces GB conductivity. Several strategies have been explored to improve GB conductivity by understanding and mitigating the SCL effects. While the standard Poisson–Boltzmann approach models the near-grain boundary defect behavior in dilute solid solutions and recent models by Mebane et al [1] and Virkant et al [2] incorporate the effects of defect-defect interactions (in concentrated solid solutions) and chemomechanical stress, respectively, there is yet to be a model developed that can predict individual GB conductivities in concentrated solid solutions based on direct experimental measurements of near-GB defect chemistry.Here, we present an experimental-computational framework that predicts which GBs in a polycrystalline electrolyte likely facilitate ionic conductivity. We developed a thermodynamic phase-field modeling framework and applied it to a model oxygen electrolyte Gd0.25Ce0.75O2-δ, wherein the GB-to-GB variability in defect concentrations (Gd3+ solutes, electrons localized at Ce3+, and oxygen vacancies) was measured microscopically using scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy-loss spectroscopy (STEM EELS). These data were used to predict the GB-to-GB variability in cross-GB ionic conduction using a unique model, which prioritizes reproducing microscopically observed GB defect concentrations and considers defect-defect interactions in highly concentrated solid solutions, making the framework applicable to other technologically relevant solid electrolytes. Across the GBs studied, we revealed a non-monotonic relationship between depletion and GB conductivity, with the highest conductivity predicted for intermediate depletion amounts. This work lays the foundation for future experimental-computational research and advanced data-driven design of solid electrolytes needed for functional and energy storage/conversion devices.[1] D. S. Mebane, R. A. D. Souza, Energy & Environmental Science, 2015.[2] K. S. N. Vikrant, R. Edwin García, Energy & Environmental Science, 2018.[3] H. Vahidi, W.J. Bowman (Submitted). Acknowledgments HV and WJB acknowledge primary support from the UCI new faculty startup funding. This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Center program through the UC Irvine Center for Complex and Active Materials (DMR-2011967). We acknowledge the use of facilities and instrumentation at the UC Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI) supported in part by the same NSF MRSEC (DMR-2011967). AM, DM, and AC acknowledge funding from the NSF [WB1] [hv2] and the WVU MAE research department for the use of the Thorny Flat HPC Cluster for the numerical modeling work and computational resources.

Effect of Electrode Potential on the Surface Chemical Composition of Au-Pd Nanoparticles

Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles have been investigated for the hydrogen evolution reaction, the hydrogen oxidation reaction, the oxygen reduction reaction, and the methanol and ethanol oxidation reaction. The high methanol/ethanol tolerance of Pd is noteworthy.A powerful approach to further improving the catalytic properties of Pd is through alloying with suitable co-metals. In the case of the ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media, Pd alloyed with Au has demonstrated excellent activity exceeding even that of highly active Pt catalysts (1). A complete miscibility, small lattice mismatch, and contrasting properties of Pd and Au make Au-Pd a unique model system. Marked changes in the reactivity of Au-Pd catalysts have been reported when conditioning and operating conditions are altered, which should be related to physico-chemical changes in the nanoparticles. Indeed, dealloying/dissolution and segregation of metals at the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) takes place during conditioning and operation, which have pronounced effect on the activity and stability of NPs. The migration of metals from the bulk to the nanoparticles’ surface may take place during pre-catalytic conditioning and during operation, and can be triggered by the presence of oxidation and reducing agents (2), changes in temperature, and potential cycling (3). Thus, it is critical to investigate the effect of electrode potential on metals dissolution and segregation occurring in alloyed nanoparticles.In the present work, Au-Pd NPs prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquids were used. Pulsed laser ablation is a simple method to synthesize alloy NPs with high purity out of different material systems and with different compositions. Typically, alloy-metal targets or pressed micro-powder mixture targets are ablated or fragmentated in liquid, respectively. Notably, the technique does not require any surfactant additives to achieve NPs stability in the electrolyte, thus allowing for NPs to remain free of associated contamination from the capping agents. We will show how one can fine-tuned the Au and Pd surface fraction of bimetallic Au-Pd nanoparticles using electrochemistry. The method involves electrochemical cycling in alkaline medium at a suitable upper vertex potential, resulting in a controllable diffusion of Pd atoms from the core to the shell. This preferential outward diffusion of Pd atoms occurs because of the electrochemical adsorption of oxygen atoms at the surface of NPs, which is driven by the application of a potential. This potential has to be positive enough for oxygen atoms to adsorb at the surface of the NPs, and therefore is dependent on the nature of the surface atoms. On AuPd NPs that are enriched with Au atoms, a potential of +1.5 V vs. RHE must be applied to form ca. 1 ML of adsorbed oxygen at the surface of gold and initiate the diffusion of Pd atoms from the core to the NP surface. This approach marks a new avenue in the development of compositionally-controlled electrocatalysts and can be tailored to suit different applications with a simple switch of voltage or a controlled pretreatment.

COMPARING COVID-19 CASES AND MORTALITY RATES: THE GREEN HOUSE VERSUS THE TRADITIONAL NURSING HOME IN THE UNITED STATES

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to nursing home (NH) care. However, Green Houses (GH), with their small size and unique care model, may offer a solution for infection control and COVID-19 prevention. This study aims to compare COVID-19 case and mortality rates between GHs and traditional NHs in the United States. Methods Secondary data were used to compare COVID-19 case and mortality rates among three groups: GHs (n=19), traditional small NHs (n=266), and traditional large NHs (n=2932) located in 10 US states from June 2020 to September 2022. Poisson regressions using generalized estimating equations (GEE) were utilized to quantify differences in COVID-19 case and mortality rates while controlling for average age, gender, and ADL score. Results The study population had a mean age of 73.38 and was primarily female (57.8%) and white (78.2%). The GEE results indicated that small and large NHs have significantly higher relative risks (RR) of COVID-19 cases (RR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.25-2.08 and RR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.36-2.24, respectively) compared to GHs. For COVID-19 mortality rates, there is an increased risk in large NHs compared to GHs (RR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.01-2.77), but no difference between GHs and small NHs. Conclusion After adjusting for age, gender, and ADL disability, GHs have lower COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates than traditional NHs. These differences may be attributable to GHs having fewer beds, offering more resident privacy, and having a higher certified nursing assistant-to-resident ratio compared to traditional NHs.

Developing a new procurement model, using behavioural economics, to enable continuous improvement of productivity and better value in large UK infrastructure projects.

Global construction has been blighted by productivity inertia caused by behavioural bias for decades. While other industry sector productivity has grown more than fifteen-fold since 1960, construction has stagnated with no more than a seven to ten percent overall growth. McKinsey Global Institute’s report Reinventing Construction: A Route to Higher Productivity, reported infrastructure construction amongst a small group of outperforming market sub-sectors at 15 to 20 percent. This paper, which charts the development of a unique procurement model designed for high productivity, builds on that performance using behavioural insights to counter damaging and habitual biases. The new model changes trading relationships using a nudged ‘opt-out’ contract structure creating a different responsibility dynamic between client and supplier. A recognisable but different infrastructure construction procurement model to improve productivity using recognised behavioural economics and construction economics. Highways England was set up to run England’s strategic road network in 2015. The procurement model that resulted, Regional Delivery Partnerships can be refined for any infrastructure sector construction environment and sets up a key step forward in contracting based on integrated project delivery. Using a combination of counter bias strategies built from loss aversion and nudge theory this new construction procurement model uses ‘opt-out’ from lean construction to drive higher productivity. By setting up an integrator, to create an integrated project team, Regional Delivery Partnerships uses loss aversion as the motivational key to better innovation. It empowers the integrator to counter uniqueness bias and find and eradicate waste (process time and money) to enhance productivity. Reward is aligned to both optimised efficient design and high productivity working. As 100% of budget underspend can be kept rewarding the integrator, the potential of not achieving this triggers loss aversion and motivates change using the principles of escalation of commitment in favour of the client. Performance data is also used to motivate using reduced acquisition costs from secondary competition, long held as an inefficient market overhead.Using recognised pragmatic academic techniques, and constructionism; choice architectures were remodelled into a new outcome and value focused procurement model. Using applied research, the team used processes and techniques to develop, build, test, and deploy the model in open market competition. It can be used by any infrastructure sector construction client to replicate a sector specific version of Regional Delivery Partnerships that changes trading choice architecture towards higher productivity.

Evaluating the Aging-Induced Voltage Slippery as Cause for Float Currents of Lithium-ion Cells

This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of float current analysis in lithium-ion batteries, a promising new testing method to assess calendar aging. Float currents are defined as the steady-state trickle charge current after a transient part. In the literature, a correlation to capacity loss was reported. Assuming the float current compensates for the voltage decay over time and is linked to calendar aging, effects from voltage slippery must be considered. The dU/dQ analysis suggests solely a loss of active lithium. Therefore, we investigate the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth as the general aging mechanism to explain the origin of float currents. Our results show that the voltage slippery theory holds true within the low to middle test voltage ranges. However, the theory’s explanatory power begins to diminish at higher voltage ranges, suggesting the existence of additional, yet unidentified, factors influencing the float current. A shuttle reaction or lithiation of the cathode by electrolyte decomposition are the most promising alternative aging mechanisms at high voltages. The paper proposes a unique voltage slippery model to check for correlations between aging mechanisms, the float current test and the check-up test. For a better understanding, test strategies are proposed to verify/falsify the aging mechanisms beyond SEI.

PROGRAM OF ALL INCLUSIVE CARE FOR THE ELDERLY ORGANIZATIONS FLIP THE SCRIPT IN RESPONSE TO COVID-19

Abstract The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) is a unique care delivery model providing comprehensive, community-based, person-centered services to older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges for PACE organizations to continue providing services while mitigating infection risk, and they were agile and creative in their response. This study leveraged two national surveys and six interviews with PACE directors to examine how PACE organizations met these challenges. The response rate was 71.2% for the first survey and 67.8% for the second. Results revealed a rapid transition of the PACE model from primarily center-based to home-based care. To aid this transition, PACE organizations redeployed staff, repurposed day centers, and leveraged technology, among other strategies. Most PACE organizations plan to continue delivering more services in the home, consistent with participant preferences. The findings from this study indicate that PACE organizations continued to keep participants at the forefront as they transitioned to a home-based model. These findings highlight PACE organizations’ ability to empower nursing-home-eligible older adults to remain living in their preferred residential setting and could inform lasting changes in PACE service delivery.

Жак Шампион де Шамбоньер и школа французских клавесинистов XVII века

This research article is aimed at showing the importance of the creative heritage of Jacques Champion de Chambonnières (1601/02-1672) who was a harpsichordist, composer, teacher and founder of the French harpsichord school. In the article the brief biography of Chambonnières is given and the musical creative activity of his pupils and followers Louis Couperin and Jean-Henri d’Anglebert is introduced. It is important to mention that Chambonnières’ harpsichord heritage by exception of preludes is penetrated with dance character. The scientific novelty lies in the definition of the peculiarities of monolithic harpsichord style of Chambonnières. As the result, it is proved that Louis Couperin (about 1626-1661) continued to develop the dance forms that made the basis of his teacher’s work. But Couperin’s musical work is characterized by a more complicated musical language, more detail study of texture and imitation material, rhythmic sophistication. The musical heritage of Jean-Henri d’Anglebert (1629-1691) became a unique model for harpsichordists in and outside France, especially for I. S. Bach.

Best Practices in Mine Closure: A Case Study of Cultural Ecosystem Services in the Kenyan Mining Sector

Mining operations leave behind quarries with inhospitable conditions, characterized by steep drop-offs, deep water, flooding and poor drainage, and in some cases, abandoned industrial waste. Increasingly, innovations in mine closure and ecological restoration are integratinghuman activities into post-project land uses. Drawing from the Bamburi Haller Park, a former limestone quarry, this study demonstrates that with suitable environmental practices and policy interventions, mine closure can lead to positive projects that spur economic and social benefits. As a policy tool, this paper examines cultural ecosystem services (CES) as part of best practices in mine closure and mine restoration. Visitation data and revenue records were collected covering the period from 2014 to December 2018. Results show that over 566 hectares are now under various land uses with 56.51 per cent of the quarry having been ecologically rehabilitated. The site attracted over 181,000 visitors annually with an average annual revenue of US$330,745 from CES, including ecotourism, recreation and sports and environmental and conservation education. CES can form a strong foundation for promoting ecosystems restoration, biodiversity conservation and sustainable land use activities while showcasing best practices in environmental social governance. The resulting ecosystem is a unique model and showcase for sustainable and responsible mine closure in the extractive industry.

Research of future Uber stocks trend using ARIMA model

The primary focus of this article is on Uber Technologies Inc (Uber) and aims to provide an in-depth forecast of Uber's future stock price. The article introduces Uber company from various dimensions, including Uber's unique business model, leveraging on the sharing economy, enable individuals to use personal vehicles as a means of generating income. This article will be built around the ARIMA model, which is employs this robust model to generate forecasts that offer insights into Uber's stock performance. Before the forecasting process the article will comprehensively describe the data selection process and offer a clear explanation of how the ARIMA model works including the equations. To enhance the effectiveness and reliability of the prediction results, In this article, data visualization is used to present different data representations. The predicted results are presented in the form of graphs and charts, to make a more visual representation of the data and to present and interpret the prediction results effectively.

Tailoring allocation policies and improving access to paediatric liver transplantation over a 16-year period

Mortality on the paediatric liver transplantation (pLT) waiting list (WL) is still an issue. We analysed the Italian pLT WL to evaluate the intention-to-treat (ITT) success rate and to identify factors influencing success. All children (<18 years) listed for pLT in Italy between 2002-2018 were included (Era 1 [2002-2007]: centre-based allocation; Era 2 [2008-2014]: national allocation; Era 3 [2015-2018]: national allocation+mandatory-split policy). A total of 1,424 patients (median age: 2.0 [IQR 1.0-9.0] years; median weight: 12.0kg [IQR 7-27]) were listed for pLT. Median WL time was 2 days (IQR 1-5) for Status 1 and 44 days (IQR 15-120) for non-Status 1 patients; 1,302 children (91.4%) were transplanted (67.3% with split grafts), while 50 children (3.5%) dropped off the WL (2.5% death, 1.0% clinical deterioration). Predictive factors for receiving LT included Status 1 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.66, p= 0.001), Status 1B (HR 1.96, p= 0.016), Status 2A (HR 2.15, p= 0.024) and each 1-point increase in PELD/MELD score. Children with recipient's weight >25kg, blood group O or awaiting pLT combined with other organs had less chance of being transplanted. ITT patient survival rates were 90.5% at 1 year and 87.5% at 5 years, remaining stable across eras. Risk factors for ITT survival were re-transplantation (HR 5.83, p <0.001), Status 1 (HR 2.28, p= 0.006), Status 1B (HR 2.90, p= 0.014), Status 2A (HR 9.12, p <0.001), recipient weight <6kg (HR 4.53, p <0.001) and low-volume activity (HR 4.38, p= 0.001). In Italy, continuous adaption of paediatric organ allocation policies via the introduction of national allocation, paediatric prioritisation rules and a mandatory-split policy have helped maximise the use of donors for paediatric candidates and to minimise WL mortality without compromising outcomes. Globally, paediatric liver transplant candidates still suffer from high mortality. Over recent decades, the continuous adaption of organ allocation policies in Italy has led to excellent outcomes for children awaiting liver transplantation. The mortality rate of paediatric liver transplant candidates has been minimised to almost zero, mainly using grafts from deceased donors. Paediatric prioritisation rules, national organ exchange organisation and a mandatory-split liver policy have resulted in a unique allocation model for paediatric liver transplant candidates and represent a landmark for the paediatric transplant community.

Analysis of the EU Cybersecurity Governance Model

The EU regards cybersecurity governance as an important development agenda in Europe, establishing a framework mechanism around the three key dimensions of defense, development, and diplomacy, promoting the construction of laws and regulations, facilitating coordinated development of regulatory agencies, creating supporting policy tools, and mobilizing social stakeholders to participate in co-governance, and a unique multi-level cybersecurity governance model has been formed. This article discusses, summarizes, and analyzes the official documents and governance practices of EU cybersecurity governance, and explores its main measures and development mechanisms. Facing the year 2030, the new development trends of EU cybersecurity governance mainly include actively integrating relevant elements of green Europe and digital Europe construction in funding project supply, expanding and strengthening partnerships in the cybersecurity governance framework in external relations processing, and emphasizing the use of multi-level and diversified behavior in comprehensive capacity building, so as to promote the international dissemination of the cybersecurity governance framework and norms it advocates, and at the same time strengthen Europe's autonomy and leadership in global digital governance.

Rove beetle communities (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in the rock dumps after coal mining

Rock dumps formed as a result of coal mining are unique model for studying the rove beetle communities. In total 60 species, 38 genera, 7 subfamilies of rove beetles were registered using soil traps. The greatest diversity of rove beetles was noted in forb-grass meadows (H` = 2.89) and pine plantations (H` = 2.39). The diversity of rove beetles was low (H` = 1.11) in birch and aspen-fir forests despite the greater number of revealed species. Only two eurytopic and mesophilic species (Drusilla canaliculata and Xantholinus linearis) were dominant in the rock dumps. Most of the rove beetles were eurytopic or forest species, zoophagous or mixophagous, mesophilous or hygrophilous. The number of eurytopic species and obligate predators increased, and the dynamic density of beetles decreased from older to younger dumps. The number of rove beetles depended on the soil temperature and humidity and the vegetation cover. Rove beetle communities are good indicators for monitoring the restoration of areas that have been technically degraded.

Research on rapid calculation method of wind turbine blade strain for digital twin

Digital twin (DT) technology provides unlimited possibilities for remote intelligent operation and maintenance of wind turbine blade (WTB) in operation. However, the urgent demand for high accuracy and real-time performance limit the engineering applications of this technology. This article presents a novel rapid calculation method of WTB strain, which aims to break the technical difficulties of real-time calculation in digital twin and realize synchronous mapping of WTB health status. Firstly, the load acting on the WTB is simplified according to the equivalent conversion theory. Then, a simplified finite element model, namely mechanism calculation model, of WTB is built based on mechanics. The multi-fidelity surrogate model is innovatively adopted to calibrate the results of the mechanism calculation via a small amount of data measured via sensors on the WTB. Based on the calibrated results, a unique strain field estimation model is built to provide more comprehensive information about WTB. Finally, the proposed method is verified via an experiment about WTB strain measurement and numerical simulation. The results demonstrate a considerable advancement in real-time performance with approximately 1444× compared to the traditional finite element method. The shortest elapsed time is 0.91s. Moreover, the minimum relative error is 0.11 % and the average relative error is less than 0.76 %.

Clinical research on extreme longevity: The FACET experience

People with extreme longevity represent a unique model to study the biology of aging. Unfortunately, their inclusion in research projects is challenging with the consequent lack of evidence and the need to rely on small convenience samples. Given the growing global aging population, especially in the segment of the oldest old (i.e., aged 90 and older), research in this population has become crucial. Furthermore, by studying the characteristics of extremely longeval persons, it might be possible to 1) better understand the mechanisms of aging, and 2) identify endogenous or exogenous factors contributing to a long life. The design and implementation of research activities in the oldest people need special consideration and a pragmatic approach. Possible implementable solutions and suggestions are provided from experience gained during the conduction of the FAtigue in CEnTenarians (FACET) study.

Reflections on the development of education in Argentina and the current education system

The role of education is crucial to the advancement of societies, as it is a key means of nurturing future leaders and innovators and reflects a country's culture and values as well as its social system. As a large country located in South America, Argentina's education system has undergone many rounds of reform and evolution, resulting in a unique and distinctive trajectory and model. This study will analyze in depth the growth of education in Argentina, including the structure of education from the colonial period to the modern day, and will discuss the problems encountered and potential opportunities for development.

Applied machine learning for stroke differentiation by electrical impedance tomography with realistic numerical models

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) may have potential to overcome existing limitations in stroke differentiation, enabling low-cost, rapid, and mobile data collection. Combining bioimpedance measurement technologies such as EIT with machine learning classifiers to support decision-making can avoid commonly faced reconstruction challenges due to the nonlinear and ill-posed nature of EIT imaging. Therefore, in this work, we advance this field through a study integrating realistic head models with clinically relevant test scenarios, and a robust architecture consisting of nested cross-validation and principal component analysis. Specifically, realistic head models are designed which incorporate the highly conductive layers of cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space and ventricles. In total, 135 unique models are created to represent a large patient population, with normal, haemorrhagic, and ischemic brains. Simulated EIT voltage data generated from these models are used to assess the classification performance of support vector machines. Parameters explored include driving frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, kernel function, and composition of binary classes. Classifier accuracy at 60 dB signal-to-noise ratio, reported as mean and standard deviation, are (79.92% ± 10.82%) for lesion differentiation, (74.78% ± 3.79%) for lesion detection, (77.49% ± 15.90%) for bleed detection, and (60.31% ± 3.98%) for ischemia detection (after ruling out bleed). The results for each method were obtained with statistics from 3 independent runs with 17,280 observations, polynomial kernel functions, and feature reduction of 76% by PCA (from 208 to 50 features). While results of this study show promise for stroke differentiation using EIT data, our findings indicate that the achievable accuracy is highly dependent on the classification scenario and application-specific classifiers may be necessary to achieve acceptable accuracy.

Energy management in citizen energy communities: A flexibility-constrained robust optimization approach considering prosumers comfort

Citizen Energy Communities (CECs) have emerged as a promising solution with numerous benefits for society. CECs have contributed to a higher adoption rate of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). However, the variable power generation of DERs is a critical challenge, resulting in an increase in the ramp rate of the system's net load. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a unique robust optimization model that utilizes the flexibility constraint to limit the ramp rate of power trading CECs with the upstream grid and assesses the impact of flexibility limits on energy costs. Moreover, two primary goals of CECs are to ensure the prosumer's comfort, which includes thermal comfort, and to achieve self-sufficiency in their energy supply. In this context, this paper uses the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index to calculate the thermal comfort of prosumers. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis has been conducted on CECs self-sufficiency. Moreover, a robust optimization approach is utilized to consider the uncertainty in upstream energy prices. The results indicate that the Community Energy Storage (CES) leads to a 34.6% reduction in operation cost. Additionally, the inclusion of CES in CECs allows the Energy Community Manager (ECM) to reduce curtailment power to prosumers by 602.98 kW during their engagement in the self-sufficiency program.

“The Wrong Migration:” The Problem of Managing Migration Flows in the Nordic Countries Politics

In the modern world, migration crises are likely to become commonplace. Denmark, Norway and Sweden are countries that attract migrants from both European and non-European countries. Today they face the diffi cult task of developing a common migration policy, which is hindered by a number of reasons: economic, ideological and political. The article attempts to assess the prospects for cooperation between the Scandinavian countries on migration issues in the near future. Based on the provisions of the Copenhagen School of Security, the author examines mass migration through the prism of the risks it poses to the culturally homogeneous societies of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, to the unique Scandinavian model of the welfare state and to Nordic Co-operation. Comparing the Nordic countries’ approaches to migration management, the author concludes that they are united by the excessive involvement of the state in the processes of adaptation and integration of migrants. Despite the fact that the migration policies of the three countries have undergone signifi cant changes since 2016, the emphasis is still on the management of quantitative indicators (through the issuance of residence permits or deportation) rather than on the creation of social partnerships between migrants and natives. In Danish, Norwegian and even Swedish society, the idea of the need to promote “right” (European) immigration and limit “wrong” (foreign cultural) immigration prevails. There is a situation in which the main integration eff orts are directed at those groups of immigrants who are already suffi ciently integrated. Non-European migrants, regardless of their professional qualifi cations or personal qualities, are still perceived as a threat to Nordic identity.

Flexible experimentation as a remedy for uncertainties - Reflexive Public Reason behind the energy transition in the People's Republic of China

Contemporary societies, aware of the consequences of their actions, urgently need mechanisms to deal with uncertainties. Understanding the diversity of these mechanisms remains critical to answering the question of whether a global energy transition is possible. Our paper responds to the call for a diversification of perspectives on energy transitions and contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the role of uncertainty and risk in public deliberation. In this paper, we use the model of Reflexive Public Reason to explore the mechanisms behind the governance of uncertainties related to the energy future in the People's Republic of China. As a key country in the global response to climate change, China offers a unique model for managing large-scale systemic sociotechnical transitions. We show that the model of Reflexive Public Reason, which involves reflection on sociotechnical imaginaries (STIs) and civic epistemologies, is helpful in understanding how particular energy futures are imagined and selected. We also show the role that uncertainties and risks play in this process. As a result, we demonstrate the usefulness of flexible experimentation in describing China's energy transition - which may be useful in observing how the Chinese state manages uncertainty by controlling it within a limited experimental space.