Unified State Exam Research Articles

A systematic approach to the design of independent work of students as a condition for effective preparation for the Unified State Exam in history: a methodological aspect

A systematic approach to the design of independent work of students as a condition for effective preparation for the Unified State Exam in history: a methodological aspect

The experience of methodological recommendations for the implementation of task No. 21 to identify and argue analogies in the processes of national and world history within the framework of the Unified State Exam

The experience of methodological recommendations for the implementation of task No. 21 to identify and argue analogies in the processes of national and world history within the framework of the Unified State Exam

К ВОПРОСУ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РЕГУЛЯТИВНЫХ УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫХ УЧЕБНЫХ ДЕЙСТВИЙ СТАРШЕКЛАССНИКОВ ПРИ ПРЕДМЕТНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКЕ К ЕДИНОМУ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМУ ЭКЗАМЕНУ

The article considers the issue of the formation of regulatory universal educational actions of senior pupils in preparation for the Unified State Exam. The author emphasizes the continuity of the formation of universal competencies in the educational environment of universities, which makes the systematic work on the formation of universal educational actions of schoolchildren at all levels of general education relevant. The author reveals the possibilities of an axiological approach in the formation of regulatory universal educational actions of senior pupils in preparation for the Unified State Exam in English.

Methodology for solving the task no. 8 of the unified state exam in informatics and ICT by a combinatory method and method of programming on python

The article discusses the metodology for solving the task No. 8 of the Unified State Exam in informatics and ICT in two ways: by mathematical combinatorial calculation and writing a program in the Python programming language. The purpose of this methodology is the successful completion of task No. 8 (until 2021 — No. 10) in the Unified State Exam in informatics and ICT by graduates. The article is of an interdisciplinary nature, touches upon issues at the intersection of mathematics and informatics. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that tasks of this type are annually present in the Unified State Exam in informatics and ICT, but the success of this task is too low for tasks of the basic level of complexity. The use of programming tools in the Unified State Exam in informatics and ICT is available starting in 2021. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the use of the Python programming language to solve tasks of this type. The peculiarity of the metodology lies in the gradual increase in the complexity of the algorithms and the "modular" application of parts of the code, which allows using the "modules" of previous tasks to solve subsequent ones. Specific versions of the programs are proposed, a comparative analysis of methods for various prototypes of the corresponding tasks is given. As a result, it was determined that task No. 8 can be effectively solved by the programming method.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОЦЕНКИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛИЗМА И УРОВНЯ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ ПЕДАГОГА ОБЩЕГО И ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Рассмотрен вопрос оценки уровня профессионализма и компетенций педагога, а также понятия «профессионализм педагога», «компетенции педагога», «технологии оценки». Представлен обзор технологий оценки профессионализма педагога, обозначены их достоинства и недостатки. Сделан вывод о перспективности необходимости оценивать работу педагога через анализ результатов учеников. Описаны этапы реализации технологии оценки компетенций педагогов через анализ результатов единого государственного экзамена с применением кластерного анализа. Приведены результаты реализации технологии на примере результатов общеобразовательных организаций Томской области по предметам «Русский язык» и «Профильная математика» (с 2015 по 2019 г.). The issue of assessing the level of professionalism and competencies of a teacher in secondary education is discussed in the paper and the concepts of “teacher professionalism”, “teacher competence”, “assessment technologies” are presented as well. Factors indicating the need to update approaches to assessing professionalism of teacher’s are indicated. Analysis of literature review on subject “teacher’s competence” has been carried out and connection between the level of teacher’s professionalism and level of his/her professional competencies has been established. The present-day assessment technologies have been analized and described. The technologies have been categorized into 4 groups according to the method of interaction, advantages of each group have been considered. The problem has been revealed, that is the above technologies do not consider the connection between the assessment of professionalism of teaching staff with students’ learning results, thus making assessment not complete and objective. The newly developed technology using cluster analysis for assessing competencies of teachers via analysis of students’ learning results of some subjects in Unified State Exam has been presented. The following stages of the technology implementation have been described: firstly, Dataset formation for the research of students’ learning results in different subjects in different educational institutions (secondary schools); calculation of average result for each subject under study; formation of a table of average results; implementation of clustering algorithms; sorting out educational institutions into clusters according to clustering results; analysis of final results of assessment procedures within each cluster and lastly determination of teachers’ deficits. The results of the implementation of the technology have been presented in the paper on the example of the results of Tomsk region educational organizations (secondary schools) in subjects “Russian”, “Mathematics (profile level)” within the period from 2015 to 2019. The findings revealed that more than 30 % of students could not cope the above exam assignments. Later the assignments were compared with the specifications of the USE test measuring materials and «complex for students» assignments were identified for each cluster. The research results make possible identification of teachers’ difficulties in teaching different subjects, and therefore formation of an individual teacher refresher training trajectory for enhancing professional skills, especially on the part of outlining and working out the needed competencies necessary for effective operating in class within one academic discipline, the latter ultimately should affect both personal professional development of teachers and quality growth of students’ learning results.

Electronic educational resources as a means of students’ information competence development in Geography at a modern school

The paper discusses the relevance of the use of electronic educational resources (EER) in educational activities as a means of students information competence development. A variety of electronic educational resources, widely represented in the modern educational space, are actively used at Geography lessons and contribute to the development of students ability to work competently with information: to search for it in various sources; apply computer technology and use information devices to solve educational problems; independently select and analyze data; establish causal relationships; present information in a structured form using maps, presentations, virtual objects, tables, diagrams, etc. In order to study various aspects of the use of EER, a questionnaire survey was launched for Geography teachers at secondary schools in the south of the Tyumen Region. The paper contains a number of conclusions based on the analysis of the study results. Teachers note significant experience and high activity in the use of EER due to both the implementation of projects digitizing the educational environment and a change in the education format because of the pandemic. For solving various educational problems preference is given to electronic educational platforms, electronic textbooks and teaching aids, as well as Internet resources for preparing for the Basic State Exam and the Unified State Exam. Electronic educational resources have become an integral component of the educational process, significantly expanding educational opportunities for students skills and abilities development when they work with information.

Impact of optimization of the structure of rural general education network on improving the quality of education

On the example of the Samara Region, the question of the influence of the processes of optimizing the structure of the rural general education network on improving the quality of education of students in rural areas is investigated. The relevance of the processes, the elaboration of the topic through the presentation of research by Russian and foreign authors devoted to the development of social and educational space, social and educational networks are considered. The definitions of the educational network and optimization of the structure of the general educational network are given; the tendencies of changes in the structure of the rural general education network of the Samara Region are traced since the end of the 90-ies of the last century on the example of 19 schools of the Samara region subjected to reorganization. The analysis of changes in the quality of education of students based on the results of the main state exam and the unified state exam depending on the type of optimization is presented: reorganization of a small school, which is an independent legal entity, into a branch of another school; change in the level of educational programs being implemented.

Ways to organize work in the Russian language. Essay reasoning

Relevance. Passing the unified state exam in the Russian language is the first really important test of the effectiveness of students' knowledge under the strict guidance of a teacher. Having considered many different methodological manuals, books, magazines on preparation for the Unified State Exam, I came to the conclusion that each teacher builds his own methodology for organizing preparation for the exam.Purpose. To increase the efficiency of preparation for the Russian language exam for 1st-year students of a physical education college.Methodology and organization of the research. Analysis of the test results within the framework of the Unified State Exam tasks showed the most problematic areas in the development of the secondary general education program in the Russian language. Next, we have analyzed the main tasks of writing an essay, the features of this genre of writing, as well as the purpose of its use in teaching the Russian language. After that, work was carried out with the students aimed at eliminating the identified errors and clarifying the features of the essay-reasoning as a genre of written work.The results of the research. For half a year, I conducted a study in which I identified the benefits of writing a reasoning essay for 1st-year students who study at the College of Physical Culture in the direction of "Skiing". When writing the first essay of judgment on a free topic, students identified certain types of errors.Conclusions. Solving training tasks, analyzing tasks that cause difficulties in solving - this is the right way to successful completion and good scores. The test tasks are selected in accordance with the sections of the Russian language. Each student had an improved dynamic of writing the reasoning, at least in one of the points.

Основные причины плохого усвоения начертательной геометрии

Descriptive geometry is the most difficult subject studied by first-year students in technical universities. The paper considers the reasons for poor geometric knowledge among university graduates. It is determined that there are three main objective reasons. 1. Poor geometric training in high school, where they study planimetry and stereometry, but not all the knowledge that future students will need at the university is included for passing the Unified State Exam. Also, in high school, students do not develop the habit of thinking analytically, although when proving geometric theorems, this function has developed greatly. 2. Descriptive geometry has a completely different method, which differs from all the methods of disciplines that are studied at school, is the projection method, which develops spatial imagination. Exactly the method that gives any description in the daily activities of any person and in the work of any engineer. 3. Disadvantages of university textbooks on descriptive geometry. Each section of the textbook on descriptive geometry has been based on a particular geometric image since ancient times: a point, a straight line, a plane, etc. As a result, tasks that could be collected in their own section of the textbook (for example, all positional problems or all metric problems) are scattered throughout the entire body of the textbook. And from this there is an opinion that each of the tasks has its own unique solution algorithm. It is shown that with a systematic approach, all positional problems, as well as all metric ones, are solved, in principle, according to a single algorithm.

Self-Determination and Self-Realization of the Youth of Russia: Socio-Moral and Psychological-Pedagogical Aspects of the Problem

Introduction. The complex problems of upbringing and education of young people, their choice of landmarks in their life path, occupations and self-realization, which are relevant for the progress of the modern world, are studied by scholars from many countries. However, the existing specialization of sciences and the prevailing system of preferences of different scientific schools serve as an obstacle to inter- and transdisciplinary research. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the analysis of the vast problematic field of self-determination and self-realization of modern Russian youth. Materials and Methods. To study the problem, an analysis of statistical data and the results of sociological surveys, a cluster grouping of threats-problems in the sphere of self-determination and self-realization of youth was used for subsequent topological modeling. It was done by constructing and analyzing an oriented (causeand- effect) graph of threats as undesirable effects in order to identify key problems. When constructing a directed graph from threat-problems, the method of functional analysis of cause-and-effect chains tested in the study of a variety of non-standard problem situations in the theory of inventive problem solving was used. Results. Based on the results of the analysis of the cause-and-effect multigraph, built on the basis of 33 threatsproblems as troubles, four reasons of the first level were identified: “brain drain”, violation of the principle of social justice in the country, lack of ideological unity of society due to the ban on state ideology, low religiosity of society. This is followed by three reasons of the second level: the lack of a coherent state youth policy, the ineffectiveness of the existing model of such a policy, a unified state exam as one of the key reasons for the random choice of vocational training for young people. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained add up to the development of comprehensive research on the problems of youth self-determination and self-realization that are extremely important for the countryʼs optimistic future.

Issues of vocational and engineering education for development of the mining and metallurgical industry in post-industrial Russia (Part 2)

In the second part of the article higher education issues in terms of staff training for the mining and metallurgical industry are further considered. Given below is the foreign experience in formation of professional engineering societies that also play a major role in the development of professional standards. Information on demand and employment of NMSTU postgraduate students is provided. It addresses current problems of human resource development in advanced training, which together represent a threat of destruction of the country’s traditional two-tier system of attestation of scientific personnel (candidate of sciences – doctor of sciences). The analysis of the development of secondary vocational education in the world, in Russia and in NMSTU Multidisciplinary College is included. Questions were raised about secondary general education when it comes to the subject choices by high school graduates for passing the Unified State Exam (EGE) and to the results of EGE. There is a disturbing tendency of a decline in quality of enrollment in technical universities’ mining and metallurgical programs, which defines the corresponding to this trend future of regions, cities and enterprises in the industry.

Использование цифровых тренажеров для подготовки школьников к ЕГЭ по математике

The article considers two types of digital exercisers for preparing students for the Unified State Exam in mathematics at the advanced level: exercises for training in solving problems with a short answer (the first part of the Unified State Exam) and training simulators for preparing for solving problems with a detailed answer (the second part of the Unified State Exam). The first type of the digital exercises is characterized by the ability to repeatedly solve both problems of a certain type, and the variants formed from them, similar to the variants of the Unified State Exam, receiving hints in case of difficulties, automatic verification and analysis of answers. The second type of the digital exercises is characterized by a step-by-step analysis of the solution of each problem with hints and analysis of the correctness of each step, as well as the support of such simulators (in particular, on the topics “Stereometry” and “Problems with a parameter”) with dynamic models created in the interactive mathematics environment “1C:Mathkit”. The various forms of using simulators in the educational process are also discusses in the article: support for independent activity of students in the full-time educational process, support for online training with a teacher in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, and independent online training without a teacher based on specially prepared and structured training courses. In the latter case, in addition to simulators, other digital educational resources were used, the purpose of which was to increase the degree of clarity in the presentation of educational material: videos, slides, dynamic models, training exercises for problems with a detailed answer of the Unified State Exam variants.

The influence of distance learning on the level of preparation of participants of the profile-level Mathematics unified exam of the Russian state

In connection with the harsh situation in the world in the spring of 2020, there was a problem with the organisation of school education throughout Russia. This article is devoted to the influence of distance learning on the results of the unified state exam in Mathematics (profile level). First of all, the dynamics of the total number of participants in the Maths exam over the past three years was considered. The article goes on to analyse the changes that occurred in 2020 in the content of control and measurement materials for Kostroma Region. The results of the exam participants were analysed in several groups – those who had not reach the minimum score, those who had scored 40 points or less, from 41 to 60 points, from 61 to 80 points and from 81 to 100 test points. Methods of qualitative and quantitative assessment (Pearson's criterion is applied) of percentage distributions of results of exam participants in various groups for 2019-20 years are described. Conclusions are drawn about the impact of the distance learning period on the results of the Maths exam.

The Unified State Exam (USE) and the Quality of Secondary School Education: the Consequences of the Pandemic

The surveys conducted by the RANEPA’s Center for Lifelong Learning Economics have shown that parents and secondary school teachers alike believe that the pandemic has not significantly affected the school system’s performance in preparing students for their final exams. Nevertheless, children from low-income families and those living in rural areas were found to be the most vulnerable to the effects of containment measures and the switchover to online learning. This circumstance may contribute to the increasing inequality in educational opportunities for young people, including in the field of secondary vocational education.

Отношение населения России к возрождению всероссийского физкультурно-спортивного комплекса «Готов к труду и обороне» (ГТО)

The implementation of the “Ready for Labor and Defense” (GTO) complex is intended to improve the health and life expectancy of citizens, to attract the population of all age groups to systematic physical activities and sports, and to improve the system of general physical training in educational organizations. This complex pursues the goal of sports and patriotic education of young people, is considered as a mechanism for organizing moral and spiritual education. The article presents the results of an Russian survey and focus group research carried out in the course of preparing a research work dedicated to identifying motives, incentives and satisfaction of the population with conditions for physical culture and sports in 2020 and 2021. It was revealed that the most involved in passing the standards of the complex is the group aged 18 to 24 years, which is due to the possibility of passing the standards in educational organizations, as well as in connection with the current system of adding points to the Unified State Exam when entering a university for applicants who have the GTO insignia. The set of programs is being carried out to attract the population of all age groups at the state level, including students, employees of organizations and the elderly population. Despite this, it was found that with increasing age, the motivation of the population to pass the standards of the complex decreases.

Evaluation of the efficiency of Russian universities: Do we need to change the paradigm?

Evaluation of the efficiency of Russian universities: Do we need to change the paradigm?

МОТИВАЦИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛА: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ

The article deals with the issues of labor of employees of general education institutions. The definition of the concept of motivation expressed by various scientists in the field of is considered and the author's definition is proposed, which is considered from the point of view of managerial and economic aspects. In order to identify the problems of the personnel management system and its of the municipal educational institution and to determine possible ways to solve them, surveys and questionnaires were conducted among teachers, students and their parents, which allowed to identify the factors that affect these problems. The survey on showed that only 5% of employees are satisfied with the level of wages, and one third of the respondents are categorically not satisfied, more than half of the respondents believe that the quantity and quality of work performed deserves a higher level of remuneration. Based on the conducted research, the article proposes to improve the material incentive payments to teaching staff of general education organizations in the form of additional payment and bonuses for activities that were not previously paid, as well as non-material incentives of a socio-psychological, resource and creative nature. A set of measures to correct the system of incentives for teaching staff will contribute to better preparation of students for the Unified State Exam and OGE, strengthen the staff in the organization, strengthen the psychological climate in the team, reduce the level of conflict and confrontation between employees and ultimately improve the efficiency of institutions

Профилактическая программа психолого-педагогического сопровождения обучающихся на этапе подготовки к итоговой аттестации «STOP-стресс»

The preventive program of psychological and pedagogical support of students at the stage of preparation for the final certification “STOP-stress” helps to create a positive emotional background, the development of positive thinking and stress resistance, which increases the chances of graduating school students to successfully pass the final certification in the form of the Main State Exam / Unified State Exam and further professional self-realization students. The program presents a model of psychological and pedagogical support of students aged 14 to 17 years at the stage of graduation from secondary (9th grades) and senior (11th grades) schools. The program of training sessions “STOP-stress” was developed with the aim of solving a problematic situation that arises among graduate students during the period of self-preparation for the final exams. This situation is associated with an annual increase in the level of anxiety and emotional and mental stress in the process of intense mental stress (personality component), low ability for self-organization and mobilization of cognitive processes in a stressful situation (cognitive component), lack of skills in constructive re-sponse to stress and with a low level of self-control their emotions and regulation of their state as a whole (procedural component). This, in the end, affects the general psychological readiness to pass the final certification. The developed program for the prevention of exam stress according to the principle of operation of the “STOP tool” contributes to an increase in the level of mobilization and the development of psychological stability of graduate students. The program includes a set of exercises and problem situations aimed at: developing psychologically stable qualities and constructive behavior models, generally contributing to a decrease in the level of anxiety (personal component), as well as increasing the skills of self-control and self-regulation (procedural component) and the ability to self-organize and activation of cognitive processes (cognitive component). The developed program can be useful to a number of different specialists: educational psychologists, social educa-tors, methodologists working in the field of education at the stage of teaching children in a general educational institution during their preparation for passing the final exams in the form of the Main State Exam / Unified State Exam.

School education reform in the party discourse (based on the materials of the election to the State Duma of the 7th convocation)

In recent years, the reforms of the educational system have become a pressing public concern. The subject of this research is the proposals of the political parties pertaining to school education. The article considers the election programs of political parties with the federal lists of candidates officially registered for the 2016 State Duma Elections. The author explores reference to the problems of public education in the election campaign, attitude of the parties to such topical aspects as the implementation of the Unified State Exam, social status and salary of the pedagogues, and future trends in the education reforms. With the exception of the “United Russia”, which noted a number of positive trends, the parties criticized the current situation in education. Most criticism was expressed towards drawbacks of the Unified State Exam procedure; therefore, the parties demonstrated different approaches – from its cancellation to modification. Instead of submitting new comprehensive proposals, the political actors suggested focusing on the Soviet system of education or the Russian system of education formed after 1991. The problem of school education will remain relevant in the next election cycle; however, the priority topic of discussion may change to distant education.

Эволюция ЕГЭ по истории: стихи и проза учительских практик

This paper investigates the effect of сonstructed-response items in the Unified State Exam (ESE) in History on exam’s validity and the threats to validity. The Unified State Exam is the primary high-stakes examination for Russian students. Despite playing a vital role as an achievement and an admission test, this exam’s validity has not been looked into. The evolution of this exam is distinctly marked by a growing change in the number and weight of constructed-response items, which might be affecting the validity of test results in many ways. The research was focused on interviews with 36 history experts. Thematic analysis of transcripts helped to identify three main threats to validity: faulty criteria, task content and expert bias. The paper presents these results along with recommendations on improving the test.