Unified Regulatory Framework Research Articles

Evolving Environmental Regulations in Response to Climate Change

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to explore the evolving environmental regulations in response to climate change. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the evolving environmental regulations in response to climate change. Preliminary empirical review revealed that that environmental regulations needed to be flexible and adaptive to remain effective amidst the rapidly changing climate landscape. It found that static regulatory frameworks were insufficient for addressing the complexities of climate change and highlighted the necessity for regulations to be updated regularly based on the latest scientific and technological advancements. Additionally, it emphasized that the success of these regulations depended on strong institutional capacities, effective enforcement, and international cooperation to ensure comprehensive and impactful responses to global climate challenges. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Theory of Environmental Regulation and Policy Change, Theory of Ecological Modernization and Theory of Policy Feedback may be used to anchor future studies on evolving environmental regulations in response to climate change. The study recommended that environmental regulations be designed with built-in flexibility to adapt to new scientific knowledge and technological advancements. It suggested enhancing institutional capacities by improving funding, training, and enforcement mechanisms. The study advocated for increased collaboration among stakeholders and greater international cooperation to create a unified regulatory framework. It also emphasized the importance of integrating economic and social considerations into regulatory design, supporting innovation, and ensuring transparency and inclusivity in policy-making processes. These recommendations aimed to improve the effectiveness of climate regulations and foster a more comprehensive and collaborative approach to addressing climate change.

Definition of the concept of «virtual assets»: a comparative analysis of legislation and judicial practise of the European Union Countries

The article analyzes the essence and legal nature of the concept of «virtual assets» as reflected in the legislation and case law of the EU countries. The value of the article lies in the study and legal analysis of the EU laws and case law regulating and defining the concept of «virtual assets». This article examines the main legislative acts regulating virtual assets, as well as important court decisions that affect the definition of this concept. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of laws and court practice in such EU countries as Poland, Italy, Estonia, Lithuania, Germany, etc. The article highlights the variety of approaches to the definition of «virtual assets» through the prism of analysis of court decisions and provisions of laws. The main trends in the interpretation of this concept are outlined, as well as some problematic issues that require detailed and unified regulation. In some countries, virtual assets are treated as financial instruments, means of payment, electronic money, financial services, intangible goods, subject to civil rights, etc., while other countries, on the contrary, do not classify them as either financial instruments or means of payment.Having analyzed the regulation of virtual assets, it can be concluded that there is still no clear, unified approach to defining and regulating this phenomenon, so many countries are only trying to establish it. The adoption of the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation will help to create a unified regulatory framework for the regulation of the crypto-assets market. Key words: virtual assets, virtual currency, EU case law, EU legislation, crypto assets, money, financial instruments.

Custody in the age of digital assets : The path to building market infrastructure fit for a tokenised economy

This paper charts the dynamic evolution of finance and capital markets amid the digital asset surge. Tracing the historical trajectory from conventional banking to the current digital era, the paper underscores the intertwined narrative of finance and technology. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) and digital assets take centre stage, driving continuous financial operations and reshaping market dynamics. Custody emerges as a pivotal factor in this digital transformation. Established financial institutions strategically invest in digital asset infrastructure, recognising the seismic potential of tokenisation. Research from major companies projects significant tokenisation of assets, prompting global banks to align their strategies accordingly. The paper explores diverse use cases, from custody and trading services for cryptocurrencies to tokenising financial securities and real-world assets. Navigating the regulatory landscape proves crucial, with varying regulations across jurisdictions posing challenges. A unified regulatory framework is advocated for fostering global adoption. The paper delves into the technological nuances of safeguarding digital assets, exploring key management solutions such as multiparty computation (MPC) and hardware security modules (HSMs). The paper anticipates a shift towards recentralisation as the digital asset market matures, with established financial institutions and custodians poised to leverage trust, balance sheets and regulatory compliance to open up commercial opportunities in the digital asset space. In essence, the paper provides a sweeping overview of the current digital asset landscape, offering insights into challenges, opportunities and technological considerations shaping the digital asset custody value chain.

INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL MEANS IN THE FINANCIAL SPHERE: THE POTENTIAL OF CLOUD COMPUTING, BLOCKCHAIN, BIG DATA AND AI

The integration of digital means in the financial sphere nowadays is not just a necessity, but also a strategic step that determines the further development of this industry. The modern world of finance bets on high technologies, namely on such key areas as Cloud Computing, Blockchain, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The purpose of our article is to conduct an in-depth analysis of the potential of Cloud Computing, Blockchain, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in the context of their impact on the financial sphere. The object of our article is the financial sphere, including banking, the investment sector, insurance, and other component industries that interact with finance. As a result of the conducted research: the advantages and disadvantages of the integration of digital means in the financial sphere are considered; the potential of Cloud Computing, Blockchain, Big Data and AI in the financial sphere was investigated; it is emphasized that all these technologies are already changing the financial sphere and have great potential for further development. Thanks to them, financial institutions can be more competitive, respond faster to changes in the market, and provide more innovative services for customers. Therefore, the integration of these digital means into the financial sphere is a necessity and a key direction for the further development and modernization of the industry. Cloud Computing, Blockchain, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies enable financial institutions to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve customer service.The challenges of implementing new technologies in the financial sector include the absence of a unified regulatory framework, high costs associated with transitioning to digital platforms, and resistance from traditional players. These challenges can be addressed by creating clear regulations, providing financial support to companies transitioning to digital technologies, and fostering partnerships between innovative startups and large financial institutions for collaborative development and implementation of technological solutions.

ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ МЕЖОТРАСЛЕВОГО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ИНСТИТУТА ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНЫХ ИЗДЕРЖЕК В УГОЛОВНОМ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ

The main directions of improving the institution of procedural costs in criminal proceedings, designed to partially compensate for the burden on the federal budget, in terms of cross-sectoral unification for the formation of a unified regulatory framework, are investigated. Solved problem. Despite the close attention of the legislator and the higher courts to the relevant norms of law, their systematic interpretation and application still causes difficulties, overcoming which necessitates an in-depth and interdisciplinary analysis of this legal institution. It is proved that for the correct interpretation and implementation of the rules on procedural costs, the expansion of the practice of using this institution, as well as the minimization of judicial errors, it is necessary to form a unified regulatory framework for regulating legal relations. Research methods. The methods of comparative law, as well as general and special (analysis and synthesis, logical, special legal) are applied. Conclusion. The conclusion is presented that in order to form the normative unity of the institution of procedural costs, it is necessary to legislate the court’s authority to reduce the amount of procedural costs, the deadline for filing an application to the court for reimbursement of costs incurred, to extend the principles of cost allocation for all types of litigation, taking into account the differentiation of compensation and recovery mechanisms, to form uniform criteria for determining the amount for payment of expenses for representative.

PROBLEMS OF REALIZATION OF THE STATE FINANCIAL CONTROL OVER THE USE BUDGETARY FUNDS

State financial control over the use of budgetary funds is an important component of the financial policy of the state, providing its financial stability, which directly depends on the organization and activities of various bodies of control over the use of financial resources of the state.
 A significant number of studies are devoted to the analysis of activity of bodies of state financial control over the use of budgetary funds, where it is pointed out that there are a number of problems in our country, which need to be solved.
 The purpose of the research. To reveal the problems of realization of the state financial control over the use of budgetary funds and to offer ways of their solution
 Materials and methods. General scientific and special methods of cognition (scientific-theoretical and scientific-practical analysis, method of legal and comparative-legal characteristics, method of research and comparison, method of generalization, separation of selection, method of synthesis and analysis, method of critical analysis). The information base of this work is the materials of theoretical and scientific research (scientific articles, monographs, dissertations and reports).
 Results. The problems of realization of the state financial control over the use of budgetary funds, revealed in the work, lead to a decrease in the quality of the control activities themselves. As a result, it leads to violations of budgetary legislation, including in the part of budgetary funds utilization.
 Ways of their solution were proposed, namely in the need to create in the Russian Federation a unified system of financial control for all authorized bodies, in their full interaction, which will function on the basis of a unified regulatory framework, on the basis of the law on state financial control, standardization of control.
 Scope of application of the results. The obtained conclusions can be used in the course of work from planning to issuing the results of inspections by financial control bodies.
 Recommendations. Efficiency and effectiveness of the state financial control over the use of budgetary funds directly depends on the level of its legal regulation, organization and systematization. Realization of measures on elimination of problems of realization of the state financial control over use of budgetary means will be the key to successful realization of economic policy in Russia.

Analysis of foreign countries’ digital economy programs (Argentina, Brazil, India and Mexico)

The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign countries’ digital economy programs. The study considers Argentina, Brazil, India and Mexico cases. The authors assess the general state and level of digitalization of the economy of these countries and the national programs adopted for the digital economy development. Next, the article examines the first programs aimed at digitalization of the economy in foreign countries. The authors identify the main problems hindering the digitalization of the economy in Argentina, Brazil, India and Mexico, the characteristic features of each program and analyze the measures taken by states to improve their positions in the world in terms of the economy digitalization. As a result of the study, the authors found that the most successful from the economic development point of view are those countries where, firstly, the digitalization of the economy is supported by the current government, and, secondly, where the systems of institutions responsible for digitalization and communications between them are well developed. The article notes that common problems for states at present are the lack of a unified regulatory framework for the digitalization of the economy, as well as differences in regional development, which, of course, slows down the pace of progress in this direction.

Disruption of corporate financialization and labor cost growth: Evidence from China's new asset management rules.

The new asset management rules in China bring financial institutions under a unified regulatory framework, aiming to curb regulatory arbitrage, control systemic risk, and improve financial stability. Exploiting the new-rules-induced exogenous shock that disrupts corporate financialization, this study finds that firms with ex ante higher degrees of financialization respond to the regulation by increasing labor costs. Management's financial expertise and ownership concentration are mechanisms through which disruption of financialization affects corporate employment strategies. The impact of the new rules on labor costs is more pronounced for firms with lower bankruptcy risk, located in coastal cities, and experiencing intense industry competition. The findings imply an unintended spillover effect of financial regulation on the labor market in the form of labor cost growth.

АНАЛИЗ СТАНДАРТНЫХ МЕТОДОВ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

It has been established that before the standardization of methods for assessing the effectiveness of agricultural machinery in the sectoral scientific and technological progress, many methodological approaches were used to solve this problem. The main disadvantages of these methods were: low objectivity of assessments due to the excessive use of a unified regulatory framework, leveling the comparison of the objects being evaluated; ignoring the criteria for the quality of work and products; low productivity of assessments in the development of current decisions on the management of machine technologies and on the modernization of machines. During the transition of the national economy of the country to a market economy in the late 80s, there was a need to streamline the development of sectoral scientific and technological progress (STP) on the basis of expanding the standardization of assessing its achievements and their effective use in production. The developed standards took into account the main drawback of the previous methodological approaches - the evaluation criteria included the quantity and quality of products. However, this decision reduced the universality of standard methods in relation to the types of equipment - most of the technological operations are intermediate, when there is no product receipt event. In addition, developers of standards in integral criteria combine direct operating costs with the effect of a change in product quality, which, in the case of a positive change in product quality relative to the comparison base, excludes the applicability of the criterion. Insufficient validity of inclusion in the integral criterion and the component of the effect of working conditions is confirmed. A calculated estimate of the need to include in the integral criterion the costs of compensation for the negative impact of technology on the environment is given. It is doubtful - these costs are 0.16% of total costs. The erroneousness of including other direct costs of funds for the purchase of seeds, fertilizers, herbicides in operating costs has been proved. They reduce the universality of criteria regarding the types of technology, reduce the objectivity and independence of evaluating the effectiveness of technology. Based on the analysis of standard methods for evaluating the effectiveness of technology, proposals are formulated to eliminate fundamental shortcomings.

Обліковий аспект управління державними фінансами у сфері науки

The article is devoted to the study of key approaches to the creation of a modern mechanism of public finance management in the field of science in Ukraine on the basis of accounting information about the real cost of research and development. The state of financing the sphere of science is analyzed, and negative trends are shown in the structure of public expenditures that do not contribute to the development of the scientific potential of our state. It has been determined that financing of subjects of scientific - technical activities should be carried out on the basis of a reliably determined cost of public services provided by them. It has been substantiated that the cost price as an indicator of the volumes, directions and quality of the use of budgetary funds should become the basis for determining the amount of government funding and establishing a contractual price for research and development. It has been shown that in the conditions of the declared European integration direction of the development of domestic science, Ukrainian subjects of scientific and scientific-technical activities function in the absence of a sectoral normative legal act on the formation of the cost price of scientific research and scientific-technical (experimental) developments. It is shown that in order to implement state policy to enhance domestic scientific and scientific -technical activities and integration into the European Research Area, it is necessary to agree on approaches to mechanisms for the distribution of budgetary funding and develop a unified regulatory framework for planning, accounting for research and development and calculating thе cost price. This will contribute to the formation of unified principles for determining the cost of scientific re and scientific - technical (experimental) developments to create a modern effective mechanism for managing public finances in the field of science.

How Many Single Rulebooks? The EU’s Patchwork Approach to Ensuring Regulatory Consistency in the Area of Investment Management

The principle of consistency has undergone a remarkable evolution in the European Union (EU) from a mere political objective to a justiciable constitutional principle of EU law. In the area of financial regulation, regulatory consistency plays a particularly salient role as it is considered a prerequisite for preserving financial stability. In the wake of the 2007/2008 financial crisis, EU policy makers coined the concept of the Single Rulebook, highlighting the importance of a consistent and unified regulatory framework for the EU financial sector with a view to completing the Single Market in financial services and ensuring financial stability. This article examines the progress made towards achieving the Single Rulebook in the area of investment management over a decade after the financial crisis. The post-crisis EU legislation in this area follows a patchwork approach with a multitude of Level 1 and Level 2 directives and regulations that largely rely on the contrived legal form and labels to determine the applicable rules. This form-over-substance approach has created a complicated regulatory regime that is often detached from actual risks for investors and financial stability and thus fails to achieve the overarching policy goal of ensuring regulatory consistency. The central argument put forward in this article is that the Single Rulebook would be better achieved with a substance-over-form approach that addresses substantially similar investor protection and financial stability risks in a consistent manner.

MBDA’s Industrial Model and European Defence

ABSTRACT Among European arms producers, MBDA represents the most advanced example of industrial integration and cross-border specialisation, thanks to a unique model of French–British centres of competence. However, it constitutes an exception inside the European defence technological and industrial base. It is therefore relevant to analyse why MBDA was able to achieve such consolidation process from fragmented competences of the European missile industry and to merge once competing companies despite the lack of a unique regulatory framework at the European level. This article presents the main features of MBDA today. It analyses the consolidation process in the European missile industry that created MBDA. It underlines how cooperative programmes provided a critical impulse in favour of industrial consolidation and the specialisation of MBDA sites across Europe. It explains how technological and industrial assets were reshuffled across European borders. It focuses on exports as a key dimension for MBDA’s model. Finally, it concludes by exploring the limits that result from the lack of a unified regulatory framework in Europe.

Adult Education: Organizational Approaches Under Uncertainty

Education, undoubtedly, is recognized as determining the social configuration of each state. Most countries of the world are intensively developing and improving the adult education system as an important element of lifelong learning that ensures the development of society. The concept of lifelong education is viewed as a system of the future, which should become the basis for sustainable development, ensuring stability in society, socialization of a person in a changing social environment. Globalization world processes also have a significant impact on education. At the same time, individual education systems should take into account national and cultural characteristics when developing adult education programs so that universalization is combined with existing diversity.
 The article analyzes the main directions of adult education such as obtaining a second higher education, business education and training for people of the third age. The specifics of the adult audience, the specifics of the work of teachers, the content of curricula and teaching methods are considered. When writing the article, the experience of working with adults, accumulated at the People's Ukrainian Academy, which is a complex of continuous education, in which the adult education system is logically inscribed, was used and generalized. The need to improve the national system of postgraduate education is expressed. We are talking about creating a unified regulatory framework for adult education, changing sectoral legislation, optimizing the structure of additional postgraduate education.

The Failure of Corporate Governance at Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services Limited: Lessons Learnt

This case study investigates multiple issues related to corporate governance, regulations, auditing and financial reporting of Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services Limited (IL&FS). Combinations of these issues resulted in default in payment obligations by IL&FS in August 2018 originated from the agency problem. It posed a substantial systematic risk to the whole financial system of India. This case study highlights the severe drawback of concentration of decision-making and unprofessional work ethics at the senior management level. Further, the case study also provides the opportunity to discuss the inappropriate regulations and governance practices which cause a severe problem in long-standing and prominent organizations like IL&FS. Research Questions: (a) Discuss the vital role of corporate governance in major corporations and the reasons behind governance failures. (b) How did asset–liability mismatch create liquidity problems in a company which deals with long-term projects? (c) How does lack of a proper and unified regulatory framework for Non-Banking Financial Corporation (NBFC) harm investors’ interest? Link to Theory: This case study provides an opportunity to learn the role of corporate governance in NBFC. This case demonstrates the problems arisen because of agency problem and conflict of interest among real-world stakeholders. The case study also highlights the importance of assets–liabilities management in a strategically important organization like IL&FS. Phenomenon Studied: This case study attempts to understand the potential problems that occurred in IL&FS from the failure of good governance, lack of unified regulations for NBFCs and non-adherence of professional responsibilities by the external auditors. Case Context: The case study explores the vital role of the infrastructure development and financing companies in developing economies like India and how it may affect other vital entities of the financial system. Further, it demonstrates how unethical practices at senior management and lack of unified regulations can harm the organization. Findings: The research study found senior management’s potential involvement in unethical practices while managing the company. The financial statements did not reflect the true and fair picture of the entity, which misled investors and other stakeholders. It created chaos in the stock market, resulting in a loss to shareholders. The government set up a new board to restore the confidence of the stock market. Further, the government started to address the problems that arose. Discussions: The case of IL&FS by default, at first glance, looks like a case of asset–liability mismatch due to the lack of supervisory roles of the board and senior management’s massive regulatory failure. It is shocking how under the nose of regulators like Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) a default of this scale could take place. How could IL&FS group grow unchecked into a massive 348 entity. It appeared that regulators, marquee shareholders (banks and institutions), and the board of directors failed in their fiduciary obligation to regulate and supervise IL&FS.

Current methods of the enterprise’s creditability assessment

The article is devoted to the interpretation, analysis and systematization of the methods of credit assessment of enterprises. Taking into account the current state of the economy of Ukraine, as well as the financial state of most domestic enterprises, a considerable number of non-performing loans, Ukrainian banks are trying to develop, refine and improve the process of lending to customers. The number of non-performing loans in banks' portfolios indicates that banks do not cooperate with enterprises. Today, the issue of loan repayment is very painful: unstable economic situation, declining corporate incomes, devaluation of the national currency are among the main reasons for the large number of non-performing loans. In today's context, loans cannot be provided solely on the basis of trust, the lender must have other guarantees of repayment of own funds. Therefore, any financial institution examines the borrower for creditworthiness (evaluates its ability to repay debt on time). During the writing of the article, the authors noted that the problem is the determination of quantitative standards for comparison in the analysis, because there is no single clear value of the indicators. That is why it is impossible to single out the indicator, which is due to industry affiliation, and the standards given in the economic literature, the desired values of financial ratios, do not contain industry specifics and the specifics of the enterprise. The research problem is determined by the fact that there is no unified regulatory framework for a real assessment of the financial condition of the borrowing enterprise, and accordingly, there are no comparative indicators that are minimally acceptable for a particular industry in question.

Sino-Russian environmental cooperation: past, present, and future

In order to address vital environmental issues, China and Russia have established a set of cooperation mechanisms, such as the Sub-Committee on Environmental Protection of the Regular Meeting of the Prime Ministers of China and Russia. There is currently a multi-level environmental cooperation system between the two countries. In recent years, China and Russia have strengthened their ecological cooperation and have achieved certain results in the conservation of cross-border water resources and establishment of transboundary nature reserves. There are still, however, many problems to handle such as the discrepancies in legislation and the limited character of investment each of the countries is willing to make into environmental protection. Therefore, as the article shows, it is necessary to formulate a unified regulatory framework; to establish a resource protection zone; to enhance joint monitoring of the water quality in transboundary rivers as well as soil and air quality in adjacent areas; and, finally, to raise public awareness in both countries of environmental security and nature conservation. In 2017, Russia hosted the Year of Ecology, which was a good opportunity for both countries to promote information exchange and cooperation in the sphere of joint monitoring and governance, environmental legislation, and ecological education.

To the Question of Criminological Security in the Use of Cryptocurrency

The Author examines various approaches to the definition of cryptocurrency, the issues of legislative regulation of cryptocurrency in Russia, proposes measures to counter crimes using cryptocurrency. Based on the study, the Author concludes that in order to regulate cryptocurrency transactions, as well as in order to create a uniform judicial practice in cases related to cryptocurrency, it is necessary to create a unified regulatory framework on the subject matter. The Author proposes to legislatively fix the definition of cryptocurrency, the conditions for its issuance, storage and execution of transactions with it, as well as the circle of persons authorized to carry out operations to create, exchange, etc. with cryptocurrency; conduct training of specialists in the field of cryptocurrency through training courses, lectures, seminars, conferences, etc., including abroad, as well as to ensure the exchange of experience between experts in the field of cryptocurrency; create a technical base in law enforcement to track cryptocurrency transactions; to ensure the formation of scientific schools in the field of cryptocurrency.

Does the New European Banking Regulation discourage Earnings Management?

In the recent past, the financial crisis has shown important lacks in the EU regulation relating to the banking sector, making the introduction of a unified regulatory framework necessary. Since June 2009 the European Council has recommended a “Single Rulebook”, that is a unique and harmonizing discipline applicable to all financial institutions in the Single Market, become effective on January 2014. This prudential discipline requires much more minimum capital, liquidity and information transparency and it defines format and minimum standards of contents.The aim of this research is to investigate the relation between the new mandatory disclosure and earnings management policies in banking sector realized through Loan Loss Provisions (LLP), the component of income statement mainly subject to manipulations, especially in form of earnings smoothing. Because the new integrated regulatory framework requires a more transparent disclosure, we expected that accruals manipulation (basically LLP) could be discouraged. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 116 listed European banks over the period prior (2011-2012-2013) and after (2014-2015-2016) the effective date of the Single Rulebook. The evidence confirm our hypothesis suggesting that this banking reform discourages earnings manipulation and improves earnings quality, making financial reporting more useful for investors. The results are important to the regulatory institutions (such as European Union and European Central Bank) supporting more stringent discipline introduced by Basel III.

МОДЕЛЬ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ В УСЛОВИЯХ КРИЗИСА СРЕДЫ ОБИТАНИЯ

The article describes globalization processes taking place in society and reveals a recessional trend of their impact on the environment. The specific features of modern capitalism are characterized. The main distinctive feature of modern capitalism is the freedom of movement of human, information, production and nonproductive resources between countries, which in turn, promotes capability implementation, competition and economic growth. The strengthening of resources mobility is primarily connected with the aforementioned process of removing borders, which has not only positive, but also negative consequences. The manifestation of the duality of driving forces of globalization in the production of public goods, in the processes of regional integration, in the activities of transnational corporations and international human migration has been clarified. The interdependence of the artificial habitat and the biosphere has been established and negative consequences of social activity have been indicated. The paper presents a mathematical model of interaction of the social and economic system and an ecosystem based on the information-entropy approach. On the basis of such a model, it is possible to create a unified regulatory framework that allows to ensure acceptable levels of environmental safety.

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

The article analyzes the current state of ecological and technogenic safety of urban settlements territories. The tendency of greening, acquiring a practical orientation and having a great significance for the development of the national economy, is revealed. The absence of a theoretical foundation, which guarantees a safe for the environment development of urban settlements and necessary for a right choice of control actions on the subjects of urban development activities, which helps to effectively implement the strategy of sustainable development of territories. The authors suggest the transition to a fundamentally new system of specified parameters, taking into account the interconnection of energy parameters of urban development and ecological systems. The theoretical model which establishes a functional link between the negenthropy of an urban settlement and the negenthropy of its ecosystem-donor is obtained. Based on this relationship it is possible to create a unified regulatory framework, which provides acceptable levels of environmental and construction safety, as well as involves the mechanism of negentropic territorial quota arrangement. The authors justify the destruction of natural synergistic mechanisms of clustering under the influence of extraction of natural negentropic resources from the environment, which is being transformed, included into the entropy of artificial habitat. The research results form the theoretical basis of an economic mechanism for regulation of ecological and technogenic safety of urban territories, the essence of which consists in establishing dynamic territorial negentropic quotas. The practical application of new scientific results will create necessary conditions for elimination of violations and unfair competition and the transition to cooperation and collaboration between all participants of the urban development and stimulate the scientific and technological progress aimed at establishing parity relationship with the nature.