АНАЛИЗ СТАНДАРТНЫХ МЕТОДОВ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

Abstract

It has been established that before the standardization of methods for assessing the effectiveness of agricultural machinery in the sectoral scientific and technological progress, many methodological approaches were used to solve this problem. The main disadvantages of these methods were: low objectivity of assessments due to the excessive use of a unified regulatory framework, leveling the comparison of the objects being evaluated; ignoring the criteria for the quality of work and products; low productivity of assessments in the development of current decisions on the management of machine technologies and on the modernization of machines. During the transition of the national economy of the country to a market economy in the late 80s, there was a need to streamline the development of sectoral scientific and technological progress (STP) on the basis of expanding the standardization of assessing its achievements and their effective use in production. The developed standards took into account the main drawback of the previous methodological approaches - the evaluation criteria included the quantity and quality of products. However, this decision reduced the universality of standard methods in relation to the types of equipment - most of the technological operations are intermediate, when there is no product receipt event. In addition, developers of standards in integral criteria combine direct operating costs with the effect of a change in product quality, which, in the case of a positive change in product quality relative to the comparison base, excludes the applicability of the criterion. Insufficient validity of inclusion in the integral criterion and the component of the effect of working conditions is confirmed. A calculated estimate of the need to include in the integral criterion the costs of compensation for the negative impact of technology on the environment is given. It is doubtful - these costs are 0.16% of total costs. The erroneousness of including other direct costs of funds for the purchase of seeds, fertilizers, herbicides in operating costs has been proved. They reduce the universality of criteria regarding the types of technology, reduce the objectivity and independence of evaluating the effectiveness of technology. Based on the analysis of standard methods for evaluating the effectiveness of technology, proposals are formulated to eliminate fundamental shortcomings.