Unified Implementation Research Articles

The impact of community-based, non-pharmaceutical interventions on anxiety and depression in fibromyalgia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is often accompanied by anxiety and depression, seriously affecting the prognosis of patients. Active non-pharmacological therapies are the mainstay of treatment, but the optimal choice is still contentious. We did a network meta-analysis(NMA) of RCTs and compared 7 community-based non-pharmacological interventions based on 29 studies. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from the database inception to March 2022. The NMA demonstrated that five out of six (83.34%) non-pharmacological interventions were associated with significant improvement in anxiety compared with usual care, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) ranging from -1.14 (95% CI: -1.76 to -0.51) for aquatic exercise to -0.39 (95% CI: 073-0.05) for meditation; six of the seven non-pharmacological interventions (85.71%) were associated with significant improvement in depression, with SMD ranged from -1.18 (95% CI: -1.68 to -0.68) for aquatic exercise to -0.46 (95% CI: -0.86 to -0.05) for education therapy. First of all, there were scale translation biases in this study caused by the different languages of the original study. In addition, there was a lack of direct comparison between the aquatic exercise group and the routine care group, and the third included intervention measures lacked unified implementation standards. Aquatic exercise exhibited distinct advantages compared with other community-based non-pharmacological interventions and is likely to have optimal efficacy in improving anxiety and depression. The study protocol is registered with the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD 42022338406).

Improving large language model applications in biomedicine with retrieval-augmented generation: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and clinical development guidelines.

The objectives of this study are to synthesize findings from recent research of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and large language models (LLMs) in biomedicine and provide clinical development guidelines to improve effectiveness. We conducted a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis. The report was created in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 analysis. Searches were performed in 3 databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO) using terms related to "retrieval augmented generation" and "large language model," for articles published in 2023 and 2024. We selected studies that compared baseline LLM performance with RAG performance. We developed a random-effect meta-analysis model, using odds ratio as the effect size. Among 335 studies, 20 were included in this literature review. The pooled effect size was 1.35, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.19-1.53, indicating a statistically significant effect (P = .001). We reported clinical tasks, baseline LLMs, retrieval sources and strategies, as well as evaluation methods. Building on our literature review, we developed Guidelines for Unified Implementation and Development of Enhanced LLM Applications with RAG in Clinical Settings to inform clinical applications using RAG. Overall, RAG implementation showed a 1.35 odds ratio increase in performance compared to baseline LLMs. Future research should focus on (1) system-level enhancement: the combination of RAG and agent, (2) knowledge-level enhancement: deep integration of knowledge into LLM, and (3) integration-level enhancement: integrating RAG systems within electronic health records.

The Effectiveness of the International Environmental Law: The Issues of State Sovereignty, National Interests, and Differing Levels of Commitments

This study aims to explore the main challenges facing international environmental law and affecting its effectiveness. Although many international texts and agreements have been adopted to address environmental degradation and promote sustainable resource development, most of these agreements remain ineffective in achieving the objectives of these agreements. The critical study reveals that these legal frameworks face many challenges that affect the effectiveness of these texts, for example, there are issues such as national sovereignty, the lack of unified implementation at the state level, insufficient funding, and weak institutional frameworks. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analytical view of the factors that affect the effectiveness of these texts and frameworks. The issues of national sovereignty, insufficient funding, weak institutional frameworks, different levels of commitment, lack of political will, and global cooperation will be mainly discussed here. By focusing on the most important challenges facing international environmental law, this research aims to contribute to developing international environmental law to make it more effective.

Unified Implementation of Relativistic Wave Function Methods: 4C-iCIPT2 as a Showcase.

In parallel to the unified construction of relativistic Hamiltonians based solely on physical arguments (J. Chem. Phys. 2024, 160, 084111), a unified implementation of relativistic wave function methods is achieved here via programming techniques (e.g., template metaprogramming and polymorphism in C++). That is, once the code for constructing the Hamiltonian matrix is made ready, all the rest can be generated automatically from existing templates used for the nonrelativistic counterparts. This is facilitated by decomposing a second-quantized relativistic Hamiltonian into diagrams that are topologically the same as those required for computing the basic coupling coefficients between spin-free configuration state functions (CSF). Moreover, both time reversal and binary double point group symmetries can readily be incorporated into molecular integrals and Hamiltonian matrix elements. The latter can first be evaluated in the space of (randomly selected) spin-dependent determinants and then transformed to that of spin-dependent CSFs, thanks to simple relations in between. As a showcase, we consider here the no-pair four-component relativistic iterative configuration interaction with selection and perturbation correction (4C-iCIPT2), which is a natural extension of the spin-free iCIPT2 (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 17, 949), and can provide near-exact numerical results within the manifold of positive energy states (PES), as demonstrated by numerical examples.

Material Attribute Estimation as Part of Telecommunication Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Mixed Reality System: Systematic Review

The integration of material attribute estimation (MAE) within augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality telecommunication systems stands as a pivotal domain, evolving rapidly with the advent of the Tactile Internet. This unifying implementation process has the potential for improvements in the realism and interactivity of immersive environments. The interaction between MAE and the haptic Internet could lead to significant advances in haptic feedback systems, enabling more accurate and responsive user experiences. This systematic review is focused on the intersection of MAE and the Tactile Internet, aiming to find an implementation path between these technologies. Motivated by the potential of the haptic Internet to advance telecommunications, we explore its potential to advance the analysis of material attributes within AR, VR, and MR applications. Through an extensive analysis of current research approaches, including machine learning methods, we explore the possibilities of integrating the TI into MAE. By exploiting haptic and visual properties stored in the materials of 3D objects and using them directly during rendering in remote access scenarios, we propose a conceptual framework that combines data capture, visual representation, processing, and communication in virtual environments.

Juridical Analysis of the Role and Position of the Young Attorney General for Military Criminal Affairs in Connection Cases

The Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia carries out state prosecutorial powers as regulated in Law Number 16 of 2004 which has been amended by Law Number 11 of 2021 concerning the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia (UU Prosecutor's Office). The Supreme Prosecutor's position is as the Highest Public Prosecutor (dominus litis). This is also reflected in the Elucidation of Article 57 paragraph (1) of Law Number 31 of 1997 concerning Military Justice which explains that the Prosecutor General in carrying out prosecutions within the military justice environment is responsible to the Attorney General as dominus litis. However, in practice, prosecutors often do not report the implementation of the prosecution of military criminal cases they handle to the Attorney General, so that unified implementation of the one-roof prosecution policy (one-roof system) has not been achieved. Reflecting on the various circumstances above, a Junior Attorney General for Military Crimes was formed in the organizational structure of the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on this description, the formulation of the problem studied by the author is: 1) What is the role and position of the Deputy Attorney General for Military Crimes in connectivity cases? 2) What are the implications of the presence of the Deputy Attorney General for Military Crimes in connection cases? The research method used is normative juridical with descriptive research. The data collection technique used is document study as the main data. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that Attorney General for Military Crimes has the role of supporting the Attorney General in carrying out the duties and authority of the Prosecutor's Office in the field of technical coordination of prosecutions carried out by the judiciary and handling connection cases. The presence of Attorney General for Military Crimes has implications for efforts to eradicate issues of disparity and dualism in prosecution as well as striving for effectiveness, efficiency and transparency in the process of handling connectivity cases.

THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ON MUNICIPAL LEGAL SYSTEMS IN ASEAN

<p>The paper explores the influence of international law on ASEAN member states' municipal legal systems, with a focus on treaty incorporation, customary international law, and involvement with international jurisprudence and institutions. It emphasizes the challenges that ASEAN faces, such as fragmentation, a lack of public awareness, and varying political conditions, which interfere with the unified implementation of international law. Despite these challenges, mutual dependence and aspirations for regional integration demand continuous compliance to international law. The ASEAN Charter plays an essential role in strengthening the region's legal framework. Furthermore, efforts to address fragmentation, raise public awareness, and increase stronger political commitment to international law are essential for an ASEAN region that is stable, honors human rights, and is fully integrated.</p><p>Keywords: ASEAN, Compliance, International law,</p>

Establishing an EU-wide front-of-pack nutrition label: Review of options and model-based evaluation.

This paper reviews the effectiveness of four types of front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs) in influencing calorie purchases. The four FoPL types are poised for unified implementation across European countries. Further, this study extends its analysis to evaluate the impacts of the voluntary adoption of these FoPLs within 27 EU nations. Nutri-Score displays higher potential for yielding positive health and economic outcomes, compared with other FoPLs. Across EU countries, Nutri-Score is projected to avert nearly two million cases of non-communicable diseases, in total, between 2023 and 2050. Keyhole demonstrates effects of a similar magnitude but with no statistical significance. Nutri-Repere shows smaller impacts, while Nutri-Couleurs has non-significant effects. Nutri-Score is projected to significantly lower annual healthcare spending by 0.05%, whereas the other labels have negligible impacts. By reducing cases of disease, FoPLs have the potential to improve employment and work productivity. Nutri-Score surpasses the other labels with an estimated annual gain of 10.6 full-time equivalent workers per 100,000 individuals of working age across EU countries. In all, mandatory implementation of any of the four labels would lead to greater effects than those obtained with a voluntary implementation, providing evidence to inform legislation proposal for an EU-wide nutrition labelling system.

ESG-стратегия управления устойчивой цифровой трансформацией бизнеса в экономике искусственного интеллекта

Introduction: the subject area under the study is managing digital business transformation, with the focus on adapting Russian business to the modern context of the artificial intelligence (AI) economy, namely, to a new model of organizing the Russian economic system, the specificity of which is the mass dissemination of AI technologies. Objectives: to develop an ESG strategy for managing sustainable digital business transformation in the artificial intelligence economy. Methods: based on international experience and official statistics for 2022, using the method of regression analysis, the authors compiled an econometric model that mathematically described the influence of the global AI index components on the trade sustainability index. Results: a scientific argumentation has been developed for criticizing the existing strategy for managing digital transformation of business in terms of its sustainability. The market position of a business and its financial well-being are found to be improving to the detriment of society and the environment. As an alternative, ESG management is proposed, ensuring the balanced development of nature, society, economy, and technology. The prospects for sustainable digital business transformation in the Russian AI economy through Pareto-optimization of ESG management has been disclosed. An improved ESG strategy has been developed, the specific feature of which being reliance on integration mechanisms and the focus on infrastructure projects in the AI economy. The proposed strategy scope of application is digital transformation management in the Russian businesses practice. The advantage of the ESG strategy is that it ensures the business system stability in the process of its digital transformation through the unified implementation of the SDGs, the sanction stability and sustainability of positions in the global markets. Conclusions: it is concluded that development of infrastructure support for the artificial intelligence economy is the basis for sustainable digital transformation of business. Maintaining sustainability of the business in this process needs using ESG management to help introduce AI technologies.

An Inquiry into the Characteristics of Carbon Emissions in Inter-Provincial Transportation in China: Aiming to Typological Strategies for Carbon Reduction in Regional Transportation

The low-carbon development of the transportation sector is crucial for China to achieve its national goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Since China is a vast country with unbalanced regional development, there are considerable differences in the levels of carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector across regions. Therefore, revealing the influencing factors that shape the characteristics of transportation carbon dioxide emissions (TCO2) can inform tailored sub-national carbon reduction strategies based on local conditions, which is an important technical approach for achieving national goals. Based on an extended Kaya identity, we derived indicators of the impacts on provincial TCO2 from factors such as economic development, population density, energy structure, transportation efficiency, technology research and development (R&D), infrastructure construction, transportation operation conditions, and residents’ transportation behavior. Using a multi-indicator joint characterization method, we explored the characteristics of provincial TCO2 in China in 2019. By applying Ward’s method to hierarchical clustering, the thirty provinces of China were classified into six characteristic types (Types I to VI). Based on the total TCO2 (TC), the intensity of TCO2 (TI), and the per capita TCO2 (TP) calculated for each province in 2019, the priority control directions and indicators for carbon reduction in each type were obtained through relative relationships with provincial averages and correlation analysis with the indicators. Specifically, Type I and Type IV can be categorized as TP-controlled, Type II and Type III as TC-controlled, and Type V and Type VI as TI-controlled. Finally, we provided typological strategies and key performance indicators (KPIs) relevant to local governments to better achieve carbon reduction goals in each provincial type. It can promote cooperative development and collaborative governance in carbon reduction across regions and the unified implementation of China’s dual-carbon goals.

Further Analysis of Evading Investigation Behavior

Article 88 of the Criminal Law of China establishes two major termination grounds for the statute of limitations for prosecution. Among them, the debate on "evading investigation or trial" is particularly lengthy and has not been effectively resolved, which affects the correct and unified implementation of the law and is not conducive to the development of the modernization of the Chinese style rule of law. The vitality and value of law lie in its implementation and application. For the judicial determination of "evading investigation", a judgment and interpretation of the value orientation of equity should be made based on textual and systematic explanations. The "expansion theory" and "extreme expansion theory" have elevated the legislative intent of the statute of limitations for prosecution, which is suspected of violating the criminal law and the principle of restraint in criminal law. The theory of limitation also faces the problem of self consistency in system interpretation. The determination of "evading investigation" should correctly handle the "investigation defense relationship", clarify the legal constituent elements of "evading investigation", distinguish the determination of joint crimes, and adhere to the interpretation position of following the criminal judicial value order, the judicial concept of putting the people at the center, and the objective and fair obligation of prosecutors.

Managing aspects of the implementation of the practice of dispatcher-assisted first aid for cardiac arrest in the Russian Federation (literature review)

High death rates in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are mainly associated with failure of bystanders to provide lifesaving help before arrival of medical professionals. This constitutes a major problem for present-day Russia and determines the urgent need to take managing measures aimed at maximizing involvement of the lay public into the process of resuscitation and first aid provision. Based on an analysis of contemporary scientific literature, this paper provides a justification for creation and implementation of a unified coordinated program of dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR), when dispatchers of emergency services provide witnesses of cardiac arrest with instructions on how to perform resuscitation over the telephone in Russia. In particular, the article describes the foreign experience of implementation of DA-CPR programs that confirms a high effectiveness of the dispatcher support as it applies to outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; it discusses a place of DA-CPR in current international guidelines on management of cardiac arrest; and it gives an analysis of managing and legal prerequisites for implementation of DA-CPR into the daily work of emergency medical services and 112-emergency system in Russia, including the existing dispatching infrastructure for implementation of the DA-CPR program, and current legal framework that regulates management and operation of the emergency services that provide remote consultations on health protection for the public. Based on the analysis, priority managing measures were identified aimed at effective and unified implementation of the DA-CPR in Russia. For relevant literature, we searched Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Russian Science Citation Index.

Unified Implementation and Simplification for Task-Based Authorization Security in Workflows

Authorization-related security requirements are of great significance in workflow management systems. Existing studies are restricted in their scopes of research. There is no unified principle for their implementation. In this paper, we focus on the unification of authorization-related security requirements using Petri nets (PNs). These security requirements are expressed by constraints, being imposed on tasks, namely task-based security requirements (TSRs). By downgrading TSRs to a kind of authorization-conflict relationship, we provide a standardized expression for TSRs. Such standardized expression can be transformed to firing-based linear inequalities which are a more general representation of constraints. Then, we propose the firing control for the unified implementation of TSRs based on firing-based linear inequalities. In fact, firing control is enforced by structural controllers namely monitors which are structurally consistent with PNs. For the sake of conciseness, simplification techniques are provided for the monitors. Ultimately, the experiments and discussions are presented to show the performance and advantages of the proposed approach.

Identification Methodology for Chemical Warehouses Dealing with Flammable Substances Capable of Causing Firewater Pollution

Major accidents involving flammable substances can lead to significant environmental damage. The operators of chemical warehouses—in order to prevent and mitigate harmful environmental impacts—based on fire prevention strategies should apply “firewater pollution prevention” (FPP) measures. The identification of affected warehouses already in operation is an important law enforcement task. Therefore, the authors—based on the assessment of firewater run-off scenarios—propose a simple and easy-to-use dangerous establishment identification procedure and methodology based on event tree analysis and indexing preliminary risk analysis approaches. Two independent expert groups validated—in the case of 10 facilities—the index components of the approach. The testing of the applicability of the approach took place in parallel with the analyses of the Hungarian operator’s practice. The research results—covering the inspection of 24 facilities—can assist the operators in the effective and unified implementation of FPP measures. In the case of 14 facilities, it was necessary to introduce FPP measures, which highlight the need to improve the law enforcement compliance of identified operators. The investigation results can also contribute to increases in the fire and environmental safety performance of chemical warehouses, which ensures a higher level of environmental protection and people’s health near chemical warehouses.

Machines of Finite Depth: Towards a Formalization of Neural Networks

We provide a unifying framework where artificial neural networks and their architectures can be formally described as particular cases of a general mathematical construction---machines of finite depth. Unlike neural networks, machines have a precise definition, from which several properties follow naturally. Machines of finite depth are modular (they can be combined), efficiently computable, and differentiable. The backward pass of a machine is again a machine and can be computed without overhead using the same procedure as the forward pass. We prove this statement theoretically and practically via a unified implementation that generalizes several classical architectures---dense, convolutional, and recurrent neural networks with a rich shortcut structure---and their respective backpropagation rules.

Weak imposition of boundary conditions for the boundary element method in the time domain

In this article we present a boundary element formulation for time dependent elastodynamic wave propagation in 2D interior domains with inhomogeneous boundary conditions. These are imposed in a weak sense, allowing the unified implementation of a wide range of boundary data, from pure Dirichlet to pure Neumann and mixed ones. Numerical experiments indicate that the considered approach is effective and reliable. We discuss several numerical results which, compared to those obtained by the strong imposition of the boundary data, highlight the equivalence in the behavior of the error.

From Industry to Teaching, Unified Implementation of Maintenance Engineering Chair Through TIC tools

Actualmente, la educación plantea la incorporación de herramientas que generen, en un futuro profesional, la apropiación de los conocimiento a partir del contacto directo con las fuentes de información. Sin embargo, aun cuando en el campo de la ingeniería se exige una estrecha relación con los escenarios de aplicación en el quehacer industrial, permanece vigente la cátedra de tipo magistral. Esta cuenta con una única fuente de conocimiento en cabeza del docente y, así mismo, se ve asistida con modelos de mayor riqueza gráfica y vivencial que presentan al estudiante situaciones con las que se enfrentará. Por tanto, la cátedra de ingeniería de mantenimiento espera un estudiante maduro y responsable que perfile el futuro profesional y un docente capaz de transformar el conocimiento teórico a práctico y viceversa, y transmitirlo de manera ágil, entendible y vivencial.

A Unified Implementation Framework for Index Modulation Assisted MIMO Backscatter Communication

In this letter, a unified hardware implementation framework is designed for index modulation (IM) assisted multi-input multi-output (MIMO) backscatter communication, including space shift keying (SSK), spatial modulation (SM), SM assisted vertical bell labs space-time (SM-VBLAST), as well as SM assisted space-time block code (SM-STBC) schemes. Specifically, the concepts of SM-VBLAST and SM-STBC architectures are successfully applied into backscatter communication to balance an elegant tradeoff between spatial multiplexing and diversity gain. Then the coupled channel estimation and interference-cancellation-based signal detection algorithms are designed for hardware implementation. Furthermore, a unified IM-MIMO-based backscatter hardware prototype and experimental platform are designed. Experimental results verify that the proposed IM-MIMO implementation framework works efficiently and we can choose one proper IM-MIMO backscatter communication based on the required throughput, diversity gain as well as implementation complexity.

ABAQUS and ANSYS Implementations of the Peridynamics-Based Finite Element Method (PeriFEM) for Brittle Fractures

In this study, we propose the first unified implementation strategy for peridynamics in commercial finite element method (FEM) software packages based on their application programming interface using the peridynamics-based finite element method (PeriFEM). Using ANSYS and ABAQUS as examples, we present the numerical results and implementation details of PeriFEM in commercial FEM software. PeriFEM is a reformulation of the traditional FEM for solving peridynamic equations numerically. It is considered that the non-local features of peridynamics yet possesses the same computational framework as the traditional FEM. Therefore, this implementation benefits from the consistent computational frameworks of both PeriFEM and the traditional FEM. An implicit algorithm is used for both ANSYS and ABAQUS; however, different convergence criteria are adopted owing to their unique features. In ANSYS, APDL enables users to conveniently obtain broken-bond information from UPFs; thus, the convergence criterion is chosen as no new broken bond. In ABAQUS, obtaining broken-bond information is not convenient for users; thus, the default convergence criterion is used in ABAQUS. The codes integrated into ANSYS and ABAQUS are both verified through benchmark examples, and the computational convergence and costs are compared. The results show that, for some specific examples, ABAQUS is more efficient, whereas the convergence criterion adopted in ANSYS is more robust. Finally, 3D examples are presented to demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to deal with complex engineering problems.

A Unified PUF and Crypto Core Exploiting the Metastability in Latches

Hardware acceleration of cryptography algorithms represents an emerging approach to obtain benefits in terms of speed and side-channel resistance compared to software implementations. In addition, a hardware implementation can provide the possibility of unifying the functionality with some secure primitive, for example, a true random number generator (TRNG) or a physical unclonable function (PUF). This paper presents a unified PUF-ChaCha20 in a field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) implementation. The problems and solutions of the PUF implementation are described, exploiting the metastability in latches. The Xilinx Artix-7 XC7A100TCSG324-1 FPGA implementation occupies 2416 look-up tables (LUTs) and 1026 flips-flops (FFs), reporting a 3.11% area overhead. The PUF exhibits values of 49.15%, 47.52%, and 99.25% for the average uniformity, uniqueness, and reliability, respectively. Finally, ChaCha20 reports a speed of 0.343 cycles per bit with the unified implementation.