Understanding Of Human Behavior Research Articles

Relational values shape people’s connectedness to nature in a former military protected area of Ecuador

SummaryRelational values are a way of recognizing and valuing the complex and interconnected relationships between people and nature, such as caregiving, place attachment and spiritual meaning, as well as the social and cultural impacts of degradation and environmental and conservation efforts. However, the implications of these values for the management and conservation of protected areas are little known. We explored the role of relational values in shaping local communities’ connectedness to a protected area of Ecuador that had been used by the military in the past and the implications of the values for well-being. Four hundred individual face-to-face surveys in the surroundings of Arenillas Ecological Reserve (south-west Ecuador) indicated high levels of connectedness towards this natural reserve amongst local communities through multiple values of nature. However, relational values were identified as the most prominent value explaining the strength of connectedness to nature, followed by intrinsic and instrumental values. We also showed that combinations of different natural values (instrumental, intrinsic and relational) might explain the support for specific well-being components. Our findings offer understanding of human behaviour towards protected areas with a military past and represent a first step in Ecuador towards comprehending how relational values shape the connectedness of local communities to nature.

Tracking and Detecting Depression Level using Facial Recognition and PEN&IQ Test

These Human facial expressions convey a lot of information visually rather than articulately. Facial expression recognition plays a crucial role in the area of human-machine interaction. Automatic facial expression recognition system has many applications including, but not limited to, human behaviour understanding, detection of mental disorders, and synthetic human expressions. Recognition of facial expression by computer with high recognition rate is still a challenging task. Two popular methods utilized mostly in the literature for the automatic FER systems are based on geometry and appearance. Facial Expression Recognition usually performed in four-stages consisting of pre-processing, face detection, feature extraction, and expression classification. The human face is an important part of an individual’s body and plays an important role in knowing the individual’s mood. The face is where a human expresses all his basic emotions. In the existing system, they examine the mental state manually by assessing them but have many disadvantages like we cannot predict any accurate solutions based on the assessment score because we might be not sure what kind of emotions the human user would be all time. To overcome this problem, a novel system is proposed to suggest an effective solution for predicting the mental state dynamically, we propose a hybrid architecture invoking facial based emotion sequence, PEN test and IQ test. By consistent monitoring of a human’s emotion and subjecting to PEN and IQ tests, the human’s mental state is routed. Combination of the above three techniques provides promising results for mental state and self-control

Enhancing lithic analysis: Introducing 3D-EdgeAngle as a semi-automated 3D digital method to systematically quantify stone tool edge angle and design.

In stone tool studies, the analysis of different technological and typological features is known to provide distinct but interrelated information on the design and use of artefacts. The selection of these features can potentially influence the understanding and reconstruction of past human technological behaviour across time. One feature frequently part of a standard lithic analysis is the measurement of edge angles. The angle of an edge, unmodified or shaped by retouch and an integral part of the overall tool design, is certainly a parameter that influences the interpretation of an artefact. The acuteness of an edge angle is often linked to aspects such as cutting, carving, or scraping efficiency and durability and thus, tool performance. Knowing the actual edge angle of a stone tool can therefore have important implications for its interpretation. In the case of edge angle analyses, manual measuring techniques have been established for many years in lithic studies. Here, we introduce a new method for accurate and precise edge angle measurements based on 3D data (hereafter 3D-EdgeAngle). 3D-EdgeAngle consists of a script-based, semi-automated edge angle measuring method applicable to 3D models. Unlike other methods, 3D-EdgeAngle illustrates an objective way of measuring the edge angle at cross sections along the entire tool edge in defined steps and, moreover, allows measurements at different distances perpendicular to the edge by controlling three involved parameters. Thus, with this method, the edge angle can be measured at any point in a high resolution and scale of analysis. Compared to measurements taken manually, with this method random and systematic errors can be reduced significantly. Additionally, all data are reproducible and statistically evaluable. We introduce 3D-EdgeAngle as a standard method to calculate edge angles with a highly accurate and systematic approach. With this method, we aim to improve the process of studying lithics and thus to increase the understanding of past human tool design.

Unnoticed Child from the Conflict Zone: A Study of Human Behaviour in Select Indian Graphic Novels

Children in conflict-affected regions face numerous obstacles that can substantially impact their cognitive and behavioural development. The purpose of this study is to examine how Indian Graphic Novels, specifically Malik Sajad’s Munnu: A Boy from Kashmir and Varud Gupta & Ayushi Rastogi’s Chhotu: A Tale of Partition and Love, depict the routine of children’s lives in conflict-prone regions. The selected novels effectively convey the lived experiences of the young protagonists and offer an original perspective on their struggles. Children who are deprived of a safe environment due to violence are frequently subjected to financial, sexual, psychological, and physical maltreatment, as well as rules and restrictions from their parents, teachers, and neighbours. The ecological system theory, which contends that a child’s environment affects their general behaviour, is employed in the study. It underlines the effects of living in a conflict zone on behaviour, including post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite the significant influence of parents, culture, and social norms, the study demonstrates that the behaviour of young protagonists living in conflict zones is strongly influenced by their environment (chronosystem). According to the analysis, conflict-related violence against children has become a significant threat to global development. While the number of children affected by the violent environment is unclear, it is evident that those confined to ‘home life’ in a combat zone are at a greater risk of abuse and trauma. The study emphasises the critical requirement for defending the legal rights of children living in conflict areas and giving them a secure environment. It places a strong focus on the value of social services, healthcare, and education in preserving and advancing children’s rights. The purpose of the study is to contribute to a greater understanding of human behaviour in the context of conflict and its potential long-term effects on the development of children. The need to create a just and peaceful world for all children is underlined in the study.

Multi-purpose pots: Reconstructing early farmer behaviour at Lydenburg Heads site, South Africa, using organic residue analysis

About 2000 years ago, Bantu-speaking people introduced an agro-pastoral lifeway into southern Africa and lived in northern and eastern lowland parts of the region by 700 CE. Also defined as the ‘southern African Iron Age’, pottery is the most common and diagnostic artefact category. The soil chemistry of several farming sites resulted in poor faunal preservation and especially within Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, the possibilities for dietary reconstructions based on bone assemblages is very limited. Furthermore, the majority of ceramic research on early farming communities (ca. 200–900 CE) has focused on typology and ethnoarchaeological interpretations. This study represents the first application of Organic Residue Analysis (ORA) applied to southern African early farming pottery to gain a deeper understanding of past human behaviour and subsistence patterns. We investigate the potential and evaluate future prospects of applying this method to southern African early farming pottery. A combined lipid biomarker (GC-MS) and compound specific isotope approach (GC-C-IRMS) was applied to pottery sherds (n = 40) from the Lydenburg Heads site (LHS), dating to the 7th century CE (Mzonjani facies) and 9th to 11th centuries CE (Doornkop facies), to test for lipid preservation, trace possible vessel use and dietary changes through time and embed the research data within the faunal and botanical record available. Our study provides first evidence for the processing of dairy products by early farmers in southern Africa. Both facies imply multi-purpose functionality of the ceramics tested, demonstrated by the mixing of animal fats and plant oils. The obtained ORA data from LHS confirms the processing of ruminant carcass fats within both occupation facies, likely representing domestic animal fats, as well as the processing of wild non-ruminant carcass fats within the earlier Mzonjani facies. The identification of ricinoleic acid in two vessels of the Doornkop facies, provides evidence for potential medicinal use. Preliminary data also indicate that dung could have been involved in different forms of pottery sealing and/or mending during both occupation facies. In this study, we begin to explore biomolecular evidence for dietary choices made by early farmers in southern Africa, shedding light on previously unexplored key products.

An Exploration of the Awareness and Attitudes of Psychology Students Regarding Their Psychological Literacy for Working in the Cybersecurity Industry

We propose that psychology graduates are uniquely placed to work in the cybersecurity industry due to their understanding of human behavior and the possession of skills needed to address cybersecurity issues. However, there are challenges in attracting psychology graduates to the cybersecurity industry as they may not be fully aware of how skills developed in a psychology degree can be applied to a cybersecurity career. This small-scale evaluation explored psychology students' understanding of what working in cybersecurity entailed and what psychology skills and knowledge (their psychological literacies) they thought were needed for working in psychology and cybersecurity roles. Undergraduate psychology students ( N = 66) answered two open-ended questions about skills needed to work in cybersecurity and then judged the importance of nine psychological literacy items for working in cybersecurity and psychology. A content analysis revealed that students recognized not just the technical aspects of cybersecurity work but also aspects relating to human behavior. Seven of the nine psychological literacy items were perceived as significantly more important for working in psychology than cybersecurity. This study is the first to link psychological literacy to working in cybersecurity. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of supporting students to recognize their psychological literacies for cybersecurity careers and suggestions are made for awareness-raising initiatives.

Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring the Attitude of farmers towards Climate Smart Agriculture

The measurement of attitudes is a critical endeavour in the realm of social and psychological research, enabling a deeper understanding of human behaviours, preferences, and beliefs. Constructing a reliable and valid scale to assess attitudes requires a systematic approach that encompasses various stages, such as conceptualization, item generation, scale refinement, pilot testing, psychometric analysis, and validation. A summated (Likert) rating scale was used to develop the scale. A total of 60 statements, consisting of 45 positive and 15 negative statements, were framed, of which 22 statements (19 positive and 3 negative) were retained in the final scale. The reliability of the scale was calculated by using the split-half method. The validity of the scale was tested by experts’ judgment. The psychometric properties of the scale include: the Pearson product-moment correlation between two sets was 0. 0.598; reliability of the test 0.748(P<0.01) and Cronbach = 0.759, which means the scale is consistent in measurement. This scale can be used to measure the attitude of students in similar situations outside the study area with suitable modifications.

What can functional brain imaging teach us about remission of type 2 diabetes?

With a paradigm shift in attitudes to type 2 diabetes (T2D), "weight-loss responsive" diabetes is now thought of as a curable disease state. As a result, national programmes are being orchestrated to induce T2D remission soon after diagnosis with aggressive dietary interventions - such as very-low-calorie diets (VLCD). However, dietary interventions to achieve weight loss and diabetes remission lack the same long-term sustainability and cardiovascular risk reduction evidence as bariatric surgery. Improving our understanding of the neural implications of T2D that promote disadvantageous eating behaviours will enable prevention of disease as well as mitigation against a vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction and associated cognitive complications. Here we summarise how functional MRI (fMRI) studies have helped to fashion our understanding of the neurobiology of human appetite and obesity. We explore how these neural correlates are affected by insulin resistance and T2D itself as well as its different treatment approaches. Finally, we comment on the need for more personalised approaches to maintaining metabolic health and how fMRI studies may inform this.

Exploring the Intersections of Community and Cross-Cultural Psychology: Enhancing Well-being and Understanding Diversity

This abstract delves into the dynamic interplay between community psychology and cross-cultural psychology, highlighting their roles in promoting psychological well-being, addressing social issues, and fostering a deeper understanding of cultural diversity. Community psychology focuses on the reciprocal relationship between individuals and their communities, emphasizing the importance of context in shaping human behavior and well-being. By employing an ecological perspective, community psychologists strive to empower communities, prevent social problems, and advocate for social justice. This approach recognizes the impact of various factors, including economic disparities, social support networks, and neighborhood environments, on individual psychological experiences. Cross-cultural psychology, on the other hand, investigates the intricate connections between culture and psychology. It seeks to uncover both universal and culturally specific aspects of human behavior, cognition, and emotion. By comparing psychological phenomena across cultures, cross-cultural psychologists illuminate the diverse ways in which cultural norms, values, and traditions influence individuals’ thoughts and actions. This field plays a crucial role in challenging ethnocentric biases and enriching our understanding of the human experience. The abstract highlights the convergence of these two fields, emphasizing how they mutually enrich one another. Community psychology benefits from the insights of cross-cultural psychology by recognizing the importance of cultural context in community dynamics and interventions. Cross-cultural psychology gains depth by integrating the community perspective, recognizing that culture is not solely an individual attribute, but a collective phenomenon shaped by the communities in which people reside. Through collaborative research, interventions, and advocacy efforts, these fields contribute to building more inclusive and equitable societies. By acknowledging the importance of community and cultural influences on psychological well-being, researchers and practitioners can better address societal challenges, bridge gaps in mental health care, and create interventions that are sensitive to the diverse needs of individuals from various backgrounds. In conclusion, the synergy between community psychology and cross-cultural psychology holds great potential for advancing our understanding of human behavior and well-being within the contexts of communities and cultural diversity. This abstract encourages continued exploration and integration of these fields to create meaningful impact and positive change in diverse societies around the world.

Immersive VR for investigating threat avoidance: The VRthreat toolkit for Unity.

All animals have to respond to immediate threats in order to survive. In non-human animals, a diversity of sophisticated behaviours has been observed, but research in humans is hampered by ethical considerations. Here, we present a novel immersive VR toolkit for the Unity engine that allows assessing threat-related behaviour in single, semi-interactive, and semi-realistic threat encounters. The toolkit contains a suite of fully modelled naturalistic environments, interactive objects, animated threats, and scripted systems. These are arranged together by the researcher as a means of creating an experimental manipulation, to form a series of independent "episodes" in immersive VR. Several specifically designed tools aid the design of these episodes, including a system to allow for pre-sequencing the movement plans of animal threats. Episodes can be built with the assets included in the toolkit, but also easily extended with custom scripts, threats, and environments if required. During the experiments, the software stores behavioural, movement, and eye tracking data. With this software, we aim to facilitate the use of immersive VR in human threat avoidance research and thus to close a gap in the understanding of human behaviour under threat.

The Algorithm Will See You Now

For decades, eliminating preventable error has been presented as an audacious, responsible, even noble goal for healthcare organizations. Bosk proposed to show the folly of this aspiration. This essay moves Bosk's work forward by placing ideas about reducing error in the context of other attempts to routinize work, on the one hand, and casting doubt of the viability of such programs, on the other. Other scholars have reshaped our understanding of human behavior by revising key assumptions to make them more psychologically and sociologically realistic. Using Simon's revision of global rationality and Kahneman's revision of expected utility theory as examples, this essay takes a first stab at suggesting which assumptions of the preventable error paradigm need revising. Because we do not fully understand how we gather and process information about each other, this essay argues that we should preserve opportunities for more holistic information gathering, both by ethnographers and medical staff. Importantly, those include occasions when medical workers (not algorithms) encounter, observe, and listen to patients as full human beings (not their digital twins).

My Tribute to Herb Gintis

This is a tribute to Professor Herbert Gintis, a highly original social scientist who passed away in January 2023. Professor Gintis—often together with his lifelong friend and colleague Professor Samuel Bowles—authored numerous pathbreaking articles and books that have contributed greatly to our understanding of human behavior under various social, political, and economic conditions. JEL Classification: B3, B5

Beyond Human Detection: A Benchmark for Detecting Common Human Posture.

Human detection is the task of locating all instances of human beings present in an image, which has a wide range of applications across various fields, including search and rescue, surveillance, and autonomous driving. The rapid advancement of computer vision and deep learning technologies has brought significant improvements in human detection. However, for more advanced applications like healthcare, human-computer interaction, and scene understanding, it is crucial to obtain information beyond just the localization of humans. These applications require a deeper understanding of human behavior and state to enable effective and safe interactions with humans and the environment. This study presents a comprehensive benchmark, the Common Human Postures (CHP) dataset, aimed at promoting a more informative and more encouraging task beyond mere human detection. The benchmark dataset comprises a diverse collection of images, featuring individuals in different environments, clothing, and occlusions, performing a wide range of postures and activities. The benchmark aims to enhance research in this challenging task by designing novel and precise methods specifically for it. The CHP dataset consists of 5250 human images collected from different scenes, annotated with bounding boxes for seven common human poses. Using this well-annotated dataset, we have developed two baseline detectors, namely CHP-YOLOF and CHP-YOLOX, building upon two identity-preserved human posture detectors: IPH-YOLOF and IPH-YOLOX. We evaluate the performance of these baseline detectors through extensive experiments. The results demonstrate that these baseline detectors effectively detect human postures on the CHP dataset. By releasing the CHP dataset, we aim to facilitate further research on human pose estimation and to attract more researchers to focus on this challenging task.

Reduced Activity of Glutamatergic Neurons in the Prelimbic Medial Prefrontal Cortex Underlies the Inherent Aging-Related Physiological Reduction in Social Dominance.

Human society is aging, and the percentage of the population of older adults is increasing at an unprecedented rate. It is increasingly appreciated that social behaviors change with aging. One such example is the possible aging-related reduction in dominance status. This change has been thought to underlie older adults' peculiar vulnerability to fraud, which has become a major challenge in the present aging society. However, whether this change is an inherent physiological process, and, if so, its underlying microscopic physiological mechanism, is not known. This study used groups of mice in a design that minimized effects that could confound any inherent process of dominance and verified that social dominance does inherently reduce with aging. This study further identified an aging-related microscopic functional alteration, that is, a reduction in the activity of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex; and established that this reduction in neuronal activity serves as an intrinsic physiological mechanism underlying the macroscopic aging-related reduction in dominance. This study, by exploiting modern neurobiological techniques, sheds light on our understanding of human social behaviors during aging and may help develop strategies to counter related social challenges among the older adults population.

Reflections of the Human Psyche: An Intricate Analysis of Motivation, Behavior, and Societal Echoes in Ted Elemeforo's The Fountain of Betrayal

This research presents a comprehensive analysis of human motivation, behaviour, and actions within the context of Ted Elemeforo's novel, The Fountain of Betrayal. Employing a backdrop of social realism, the essay explores how literature draws inspiration from society and acquires functional significance. The study highlights the role of literature in mirroring societal aspects, with characters embodying various forms of consciousness pertaining to the significance of distinctions. By delving into the realm of subconscious mental factors influencing character behaviour, this research employs Maslow's psychological motivation theory of needs as a theoretical framework. The selected novel's characters are intricately examined as integral components of society, revealing how diverse types and levels of needs profoundly impact their decision-making processes. Ultimately, this investigation uncovers the concealed mens rea (mental component) underlying the actus reus (physical component) of human actions, leading to a comprehensive comprehension of the intricacies of human motivation. This study contributes to a broader understanding of human behaviour and the intricate interplay between societal influences and individual actions.

Communication analysis of human mating behavior based on evolution

As the basis of social development, information communication plays an important role in mate selection. In the process of reproduction, the most critical is the problem of mate selection in evolution, how to find the right spouse and maximize their own interests, is the main issue discussed in the academic circle. After understanding the basic concept of evolution, this paper probes into the importance of human mate choice behavior and clarifies the communication strategy in human mate choice behavior, so as to have a deeper understanding of communication theory and human behavior.

Platformization and the Metaverse: Opportunities and Challenges for Urban Sustainability and Economic Development

In simpler terms, our day-to-day life, from various urban sectors to all deep corners of city life, is becoming hugely influenced by digital platforms' data systems, economic tactics, and ways of management. This is a trend that we call "platformization." It's taken us to a point where we now live in what's often described as a "platform society" because these platforms now largely control urban civilizations. What's fascinating is that this platformization trend has created something pretty striking: the Metaverse. The Metaverse is an impressive global platform project launched by Meta, the company we used to know as Facebook. This project brings to life a potential "virtual world" that mirrors our reality. The idea is that the Metaverse can serve as a virtual version of the future cities – not too different from what we think of as smart cities. Thanks to cutting-edge technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Internet of Things (IoT), and Digital Twins, we now have enough resources and understanding of human behavior to make a project like the Metaverse possible. The promise is that the Metaverse can revolutionize how we design cities and deliver public services, making cities more efficient, accountable, and with a higher quality performance. But of course, the arrival of the Metaverse isn't without its worries. There are many questions over the ethical, human, social, and cultural implications the Metaverse may have. Particularly, there are concerns about the kind of impact it may have on the quality of human social relationships and how it may reshape urban life. To unpack all of these, this research work aims to thoroughly examine available literature on this topic. The paper further looks into the new products and services coming into being because of the Metaverse, examining how they might help smart cities, especially those aiming for better environment, economy, and social sustainability. The insights gathered here could help city leaders understand the Metaverse's potential for technology-driven urban practices and future city plans. It also takes a critical stance, challenging whether the Metaverse might significantly change how reality is constructed in our increasingly platform-driven urban world. This discussion, hopefully, can fuel future research and critical conversation on this hot topic.

25 years of Neuroergonomics: Will we get to the Golden Jubilee?

Twenty-five years ago, Raja Parasuraman – the pioneer of neuroergonomics – wrote the first book on neuroergonomics. Since then, neuroergonomics, the science of the brain and behavior at work, has contributed significantly to our understanding of human behavior in use-inspired domains. Aided by considerable advancements in sensor technologies, neuroergonomics has made seminal impacts in the design of safer and more efficient human-machine systems. However, there remain some challenges that create barriers to entry for new researchers and practitioners to adopt neuroergonomic approaches, including training requirements, consensus on emerging data analytics and their interpretation, (mis)alignments with behavioral research paradigms, resource burden, lack of community, and ethical considerations. In this panel, we will discuss these challenges and provide insights into and recommendations for overcoming these barriers. The panel will also discuss what the future (and hopefully the next twenty-five years) of neuroergonomics holds.

Estrategias Metacognitivas en el Aprendizaje del Idioma Inglés como Lengua Extranjera

Introducción Several studies related to LLSs have been conducted with the purpose of answering the question of how successful language learners achieve the learning goals. According to Judge (2012), the first research reports began in 1970 with studies done by Rubin and Stern in 1975. These studies reported that the main concern of these researchers was to know what good students did different from those students who did not reach successful results in the learning process, concentrating their studies in directed classrooms focused from teacher-centred approaches to student-centred ones (Rubin, 1987; Zhao, 2009 as cited in Gursoy, 2010). In language learning, the cognitive theory which observes processes of how learners acquire, interpret, remember and utilize information becomes significant due to its direct connection with learners’ comprehensive approach, meanwhile, metacognitive strategies become relevant because they regulate and direct the language learning process referring this to an individual’s awareness of thinking about the way to acquire the target language (Bidabadi, 2013). The study addressed the following research question: What are the students’ perceptions in relation to the use of metacognitive strategies to learn English as a Foreign Language? Objetivos The purpose of this study is to investigate the student’s perceptions in relation to the use of metacognitive strategies to learn English as a Foreign Language. Método This qualitative study used phenomenological methodology as the purpose of this research was to explore the students’ experience in relation to the use of metacognitive strategies in the field of English as a Foreign Language. Qualitative research focuses on the understanding of human behavior, believes, motivations and values which are extremely complex due to the interest of uncovering meaning of phenomenon and understanding people’s interpretations of their experiences (Lapan, 2012). The subjective experience of individuals and how they interpret their reality stresses the importance in qualitative studies (Cohen, 2018). In applied linguistics, qualitative research has gained recognition for providing significant insights in different aspects of language acquisition and its direct connection with social and cultural influences in language learning (Dörnyei and Griffee, 2010). This study adopted the interpretative paradigm for the intentions of understanding and interpreting the reality in terms of actions (Cohen, 2018). Principales resultados There were four main metacognitive strategies identified in the twelve extracts: arranging and planning learning, developing comprehension, seeking out practice opportunity and building background. The subtheme arranging and planning the learning was determined by activities done by learners like looking for what is in the next lesson, summarizing or making notes, looking for effective arrangements, and practicing for coming presentations. The next subtheme developing comprehension was identified when participants underlined key words and sentences in text and then looked for word meaning for better comprehension. For the following subtheme seeking out practice opportunity, the learners expressed their interest for preparing themselves for future tests or personal improvement. The last subtheme, building background was used when learners thought about previous teachers’ methodologies and compared them to analyse their learning process. Opinions given by learners determined their perceptions which were positive when using the metacognitive strategies. They said that they could remember and identified information easily by relating it with the context which helped them to understand and comprehend better both written and spoken texts leading them to have better preparation and results. Conclusiones This study conducted a qualitative study about learners’ experiences in relation to the use of metacognitive strategies in EFL classes. Learners who used language learning strategies in the study of English as a Foreign Language identified activities applied in the clases which matched with the metacognitive strategies. Thematic analysis identifies patterns or themes deriving from qualitative data in order to interpret and explain what is beyond of what has been said (Braun and Clarke, 2006). The taxonomy proposes by Oxford (1990) was used to analyse the metacognitive strategies. Students recognized the benefits of metacognitive strategies and how their use helped them with their progress, however, in one of the quotes it is expressed by one of the participants how frustrated may be find difficulties and not to have control over them what makes teachers think on their emotional impact.

A Bibliography Review on Facial Expression Recognition System by Conventional Approaches

The Facial Expression Recognition system is the process of identifying the emotional state of a person. It plays a crucial role in the area of human-machine interaction. Automatic facial expression recognition system has many applications but is not limited to, human behavior understanding, detection of mental disorders, and synthetic human expressions. Research in this field has drawn much attention given the continually increasing number of publications in the last 10 years. In this paper, bibliographic research was used and a comprehensive review of relevant publications was taken from the Scopus database. The research is defined as any research requiring information to be gathered from published materials. This bibliographic research gives descriptive information about a piece of work, such as author, title, date of publication, etc. The analysis also allows mapping of the scope and structure of discipline; locating the established collaboration patterns among countries. This analysis also identifies the current research interests and potential directions for future research.