Understanding Of Human Behavior Research Articles

Centering Communities in Global Health: Using Human-Centered Design to Facilitate Collaboration and Intervention Development.

Utilizing iterative and collaborative tools, Human-centered Design (HCD) facilitates the creation of tailored solutions for multifaceted issues by fostering empathy and a deep understanding of human behaviors. This paper presents insights gleaned from employing HCD tools to center communities in global health intervention development. The study team collaborated with community members in Dailekh, Nepal to co-design interventions to address harms associated with menstrual seclusion, known as chhaupadi. A Community Design Team, comprising 10 women representing various castes and ages convened for a four-day intervention co-design workshop in the community. A Community Validation Team, comprising 12 individuals from diverse occupational and caste backgrounds provided feedback on the interventions. Additionally, six village leaders participated in Key Informant Interviews to garner additional insights. In the study's initial "discovery" phase, the Community Design Team employed HCD tools to generate a nuanced understanding of the context, stakeholders, and community experiences. Subsequently, in the second "design" phase, the Community Design Team crafted interventions to address harms associated with chhaupadi. Invaluable lessons gained from this study underscore the necessity of crafting contextually suitable tools, checklists, and prompts for participants, allocating sufficient staff, time, and resources, and adapting to participants' literacy levels and engagement preferences, whether through group or individual activities. Reflecting on these insights, our experience suggests HCD offers promising tools to authentically and equitably involve participants with diverse backgrounds in articulating their own ideas for community-based solutions in Nepal. Health practitioners, researchers, and intervention development experts are encouraged to consider adopting HCD methodologies to prioritize community voices in devising solutions for complex health challenges.

Rekonseptualisasi Epistemologi: Metode Islamisasi dalam Ilmu Psikologi Modern

Modern psychology is often considered inadequate in addressing human psychological issues holistically due to its lack of spiritual dimension and an overemphasis on psychological aspects. This leads to the loss of essential direction and purpose in understanding human behavior. This study aims to explore the approach of Islamization as a solution to improve the shortcomings of modern psychology. The focus is on the reconceptualization of epistemology in modern psychological science through the integration of Islamic values with modern psychological concepts and theories. This research uses a qualitative approach by collecting data from various relevant literature sources on modern psychology and Islam. The data are analyzed thematically to identify patterns and themes that emerge in the context of the epistemology and methodology of psychology. The results of the study indicate that Islamization in modern psychological science can result in a reconceptualization of epistemology that considers the spiritual and psychological dimensions of humans in a balanced manner. By integrating Islamic principles into psychological theories and methods, this approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Consequently, Islamic psychology becomes a significant alternative in healing and comprehensively understanding human psychological issues, as well as restoring essential direction and purpose in modern psychological science. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of more inclusive and holistic psychological theories and practices.

User-agnostic adaptation of human locomotion intent: Leveraging Teacher-Student-Learning and ensemble modeling

Wearable robot control in complicated contexts requires an understanding of human locomotion intent and behaviors. However, signals from human–robot interfaces are typically reliant on the user, leading to poor performance of the model trained on training user when applied to new end-point users. This study aims to address this problem by developing a novel Teacher-Student-Learning (TSL) approach using Heterogeneous Ensemble Hypotheses (HEH) to achieve unsupervised user-agnostic adaptation. The motivation behind using the Teacher-Student-Learning architecture is to leverage the diverse features extracted by HEH while maintaining computational efficiency. HEH reduces the difference between labeled training users and unlabeled end-point users by incorporating multiple diverse feature generators to extract a wide range of features, thereby increasing classification accuracy and reducing variance. However, this approach sacrifices efficiency due to the ensemble nature of HEH. To address this trade-off, the knowledge from HEH is distilled into a single network using TSL, ensuring precision and efficiency. The proposed approach is evaluated on two publicly available human locomotion datasets and a 2D moon dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, outperforming all other methods. Tested with three datasets, the proposed method can classify end-point users’ data with an average accuracy of 98.9%, 96.7%, and 96.9% while yielding a low processing time (1 ms). Compared to a benchmark method, the suggested strategy improves the average accuracy by 1.5% and 7.2% for categorizing the target users’ locomotor modes and stabilizes the learning curves. The proposed method represents a significant contribution to the field of human activity recognition and human intent prediction for human–robot interaction systems, enhancing the efficiency and generalization capacity of these systems.

Exploring the Influence of Emotional Competence on Humor Styles and Personality Traits

This research aims to uncover the complexities of the dynamics that regulate human behavior and connection with others by investigating the relationships between humor styles, emotional competence, and personality factors. Using a wide range of literature review and empirical research, this study examines how individuals' humor styles, defined by their tendency to affiliate, self-enhance, be aggressive, or dislike themselves, interact with emotional competence and personality characteristics. As a transdisciplinary construct, humor provides various psychological functions and shapes people's emotional experiences and social relationships. The affiliative style, which uses humor to strengthen social ties and relieve tension, has been linked to increased emotional intelligence and extraversion. Conversely, aggressive humor, which includes sarcasm and derision, is associated with weaker emotional competence and greater degrees of neuroticism. Emotional competence, which provides for emotional awareness, management, and expression, is critical in balancing the impacts of various humor styles on psychological well-being and interpersonal interactions. Individuals with greater emotional competence prefer to use adaptive humor styles, which promote good emotions and social cohesiveness. In contrast, individuals with lower emotional competence may use maladaptive methods, such as self-defeating humor, as a coping strategy. Furthermore, psychological qualities like extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience influence people's humor preferences and usage habits. Extraverts, for example, are likelier to engage in affiliative humor, whereas neurotic persons may use self-defeating humor as a defense strategy. This study adds to a better understanding of human behavior by illuminating the interaction between humor styles, emotional competence, and personality factors. It also gives insights into how to promote psychological well-being and efficient interpersonal communication.”

A Study on Behavioural Finance

This research paper delves into the intriguing field of behavioral finance, exploring how psychological factors influence financial decision-making processes. Behavioral finance seeks to understand why people make irrational financial decisions despite being aware of the consequences. It bridges the gap between economics and psychology, offering insights into human behavior that traditional finance models often overlook. The study examines various aspects of behavioral finance, including cognitive biases, market anomalies, and investor behavior under different market conditions. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical studies, this paper aims to shed light on the complex interplay between human emotions, cognitive limitations, and financial markets. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of investor behavior, potentially informing strategies for financial advisors and investors alike. This research underscores the importance of incorporating psychological principles into financial analysis, highlighting the potential for improved investment outcomes through a more nuanced understanding of human behavior.

A novel proteomic approach for the identification and relative quantification of disulfide-bridges in the human milk proteome

This study explores the disulfide bridges present in the human milk proteome by a novel approach permitting both positional identification and relative quantification of the disulfide bridges. Human milk from six donors was subjected to trypsin digestion without reduction. The digested human milk proteins were analyzed by nanoLC-timsTOF Pro combined with data analysis using xiSEARCH. A total of 85 unique disulfide bridges were identified in 25 different human milk proteins. The total relative abundance of disulfide bridge-containing peptides constituted approximately 5% of the total amount of tryptic-peptides. Seven inter-molecular disulfide bridges were identified between either α-lactalbumin and lactotransferrin (5) or αS1-casein and κ-casein (2). All cysteines involved in the observed disulfide bridges of α-lactalbumin and lactotransferrin were mapped onto protein models using AlphaFold2 Multimer to estimate the length of the observed disulfide bridges. The lengths of the disulfide bridges of lactotransferrin indicate a potential for multi- or poly-merization of lactotransferrin. The high number of intramolecular lactotransferrin disulfide bridges identified, suggests that these are more heterogeneous than previously presumed. SignificanceDisulfide-bridges in the human milk proteome are an often overseen post-transaltional modification. Thus, mapping the disulfide-bridges, their positions and relative abundance, are valuable new knowledge needed for an improved understanding of human milk protein behaviour. Although glycosylation and phosphorylation have been described, even less information is available on the disulfide bridges and the disulfide-bridge derived protein complexes. This is important for future work in precision fermentation for recombinant production of human milk proteins, as this will highlight which disulfide-bridges are naturally occouring in human milk proteins. Further, this knowledge would be of value for the infant formula industry as it provides more information on how to humanize bovine-milk based infant formula. The novel method developed here can be broadly applied in other biological systems as the disulfid-brigdes are important for the structure and functionality of proteins.

Cinemeducation to teach patient safety: an experience in medical students

From early in medical school, students need to learn about patient safety, and how to prevent and reduce risks, errors and harm that occur to patients during health care provision. Cinemeducation is a teaching methodology that uses fragments of feature films or TV series in medical education. We hypothesized that cinemeducation could help simplify the comprehension of complex situations for students, aiding in the learning of patient safety and the understanding of human behaviors that impact it. This concept stands as an integral component within a comprehensive medical humanities approach. The study population was the 70 medical students of the second course of a six-year undergraduate program. In a 2-h class, after learning objectives were established, students watched a fragment from TV series The Resident centered on adverse events, and discussed them afterward. To measure learning achievements, we administered a 10-question multiple-choice pre and post-test and a 2-question open-essay post-test. Given the complexity of the concepts related to patient safety, we used a mixed quali-quantitative approach. An exploratory descriptive and content analysis was performed. Sixty-eight students participated and completed the questionnaires. Despite high pre-intervention scores, post-intervention scores improved (mean difference 0.779, 95% CI: 0.475–1.083, p < 0.001). The open-essay questions provided more information about the learning points, mostly related to the understanding of system error and preventive measures against adverse events. Classical teaching methods may be insufficient for learning how to deal with complex situations in hospital contexts. Our results show that cinemeducation may significantly improve learning on patient safety. Cinemeducation methodology can be effective in teaching some complex concepts in medical education. The integration of cinemeducation within medical education, through the lens of medical humanities, offers a dynamic approach to teaching patient safety. By using cinematic narratives to explore intricate medical scenarios, students engage with real-world complexities and the influence of human factor, enhancing their understanding.

Detecting self-organising patterns in crowd motion: effect of optimisation algorithms

The escalating process of urbanization has raised concerns about incidents arising from overcrowding, necessitating a deep understanding of large human crowd behavior and the development of effective crowd management strategies. This study employs computational methods to analyze real-world crowd behaviors, emphasizing self-organizing patterns. Notably, the intersection of two streams of individuals triggers the spontaneous emergence of striped patterns, validated through both simulations and live human experiments. Addressing a gap in computational methods for studying these patterns, previous research utilized the pattern-matching technique, employing the Nelder-Mead Simplex algorithm for fitting a two-dimensional sinusoidal function to pedestrian coordinates. This paper advances the pattern-matching procedure by introducing Simulated Annealing as the optimization algorithm and employing a two-dimensional square wave for data fitting. The amalgamation of Simulated Annealing and the square wave significantly enhances pattern fitting quality, validated through statistical hypothesis tests. The study concludes by outlining potential applications of this method across diverse scenarios.

Connecting human behaviour, meaning and nature.

Much of the discourse around climate change and the situation of diverse human societies and cultures in the Anthropocene focuses on responding to scientific understanding of the dynamics of the biosphere by adjusting existing institutional and organizational structures. Our emerging scientific understanding of human behaviour and the mechanisms that enable groups to achieve large-scale coordination and cooperation suggests that incrementally adjusting existing institutions and organizations will not be sufficient to confront current global-scale challenges. Specifically, the transaction costs of operating institutions to induce selfish rational actors to consider social welfare in their decision-making are too high. Rather, we highlight the importance of networks of shared stories that become real-imagined orders-that create context, meaning and shared purpose for framing decisions and guiding action. We explore imagined orders that have contributed to bringing global societies to where they are and propose elements of a science-informed imagined order essential to enabling societies to flourish in the Anthropocene biosphere. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bringing nature into decision-making'.

Unveiling Human Values: Analyzing Emotions behind Arguments.

Detecting the underlying human values within arguments is essential across various domains, ranging from social sciences to recent computational approaches. Identifying these values remains a significant challenge due to their vast numbers and implicit usage in discourse. This study explores the potential of emotion analysis as a key feature in improving the detection of human values and information extraction from this field. It aims to gain insights into human behavior by applying intensive analyses of different levels of human values. Additionally, we conduct experiments that integrate extracted emotion features to improve human value detection tasks. This approach holds the potential to provide fresh insights into the complex interactions between emotions and values within discussions, offering a deeper understanding of human behavior and decision making. Uncovering these emotions is crucial for comprehending the characteristics that underlie various values through data-driven analyses. Our experiment results show improvement in the performance of human value detection tasks in many categories.

Tickle fetishism: pleasure beyond playfulness.

Tickling is commonly perceived as juvenile play associated with laughter. However, its potential connection to adult sexual behavior has largely remained unexplored. Our online survey, primarily distributed among individuals interested in tickle fetishism, explored tickling and its association with sexual behavior. Ticklishness types, tools, preferred body parts, and partner preferences, were examined. Results revealed diverse patterns of ticklishness changes over time and distinct body-part preferences for different types of tickling. Childhood experiences and exposure to tickling content in television were found to shape individuals' affinity for tickle fetishism. A quarter of respondents reported experiencing orgasms exclusively from tickling, while around 88% expressed sexual satisfaction through tickling alone, indicating its sufficiency as a sexual stimulus among fetishists. Tickling desire decreased after orgasm, indicating an association between tickling and sexual activity. Moreover, ticklishness degree predicted preferences for being tickled rather than tickling others. Exploratory factor analysis identified three factors underlying tickling and sexual experiences: enjoyment and frequency of tickling during sexual activity; preference for intense sexual experiences; age of becoming sexually active. In conclusion, this study provides unique insights into tickling and its connections to sexual context, enhancing our understanding of diverse human sexual behavior and tickle fetishism as a distinct preference.

Starch Granule Yields from Open-Air Metates Unaffected by Environmental Contamination

Abstract The morphological characteristics of starch granules preserved on ancient ground stone tools can reveal which plant species were processed and consumed and even infer tool function. Bedrock metates are commonly associated with the processing of localized seasonal resources, providing potential evidence for past human lifeways, including foods collected and processed, social gatherings, settlement patterns, land investment, and territorial behavior. In contrast to ground stone artifacts preserved in a buried context that have been studied extensively, limited starch research has been conducted on the potential for environmental contamination of open-air bedrock mortars and metates exposed to natural erosional elements. This project examines the residue samples of bedrock metates from three archaeological sites in southern Oregon in the United States to compare the starch yields of extraneous material cleaned from the grinding surface to those extracted from interstitial matrices deeper within the bedrock. Significantly greater number of starch granules were recovered from deep within the cracks and crevices than from the surface. Our study suggests that environmental contamination can be managed if separate surface and control samples are collected and analyzed in conjunction with the interstitial samples. Examining the potential for environmental contamination on exposed grinding surfaces is crucial for confidence in starch granule results and improving our understanding of human dietary behavior.

A Study on the Future is Unlikely to See "HR Robots" Replacing Human HR Professionals

This research paper explores the potential impact of automation and artificial intelligence on the field of Human Resources (HR). While the adoption of technology in HR processes is on the rise, the complete replacement of human HR professionals by "HR robots" seems unlikely in the foreseeable future. The study examines the current state of HR technology, its limitations, and the essential human elements in HR roles that cannot be easily replicated by automation. The research concludes that while automation can augment HR tasks, the unique qualities of empathy, complex decision-making and interpersonal skills required in HR make it improbable for robots to completely replace human HR professionals in the coming years. This research paper delves into the evolving landscape of Human Resources (HR) in the context of increasing automation and artificial intelligence. It investigates the potential of "HR robots" to replace human HR professionals in the realm of research and publication work within the HR domain. The study assesses the current state of HR technology, identifies its inherent limitations, and evaluates the complex, multifaceted nature of research work in HR. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is demonstrated that while automation can enhance certain HR functions, the intricate research tasks requiring critical thinking, nuanced understanding of human behavior, and adaptability make it improbable for "HR robots" to wholly replace human HR professionals in research work for publication. This research contributes to the ongoing discussion on the role of automation in HR and the continued importance of human expertise in the field.

Film, observation and the mind.

This special issue considers the significance of film to the establishment and development of scientific approaches to the mind. Bonnie Evans explores how the origins of film technologies in 1895 in France encouraged a series of innovative collaborations, influencing both psychological theorisation, and new filming techniques. Jeremy Blatter explains how Harvard psychologist Hugo Münsterberg created early films specifically designed to engage audiences using psychological tactics. Scott Curtis' article examines how Yale psychologist Arnold Gesell was able to extract scientific data from a film. Felix Rietmann's article explores a collection of infant observation films from the 1930s and 1960s and how they developed unique narratives of mothers' engagement with their children that did not necessarily match up with dominant scientific theories. Janet Harbord's article considers how a trilogy of films made at the Maudsley Hospital in the 1950s engaged with innovative film-making techniques that captured behaviour as discrete units. Seth Watter further examines how William S. Condon's use of the unique technology of the Bell and Howell 173BD projector in the 1960s created new understandings of human behaviour that could not have been predicted in advance, and which were highly influenced by the technology itself. Finally, Des O'Rawe explores how radical approaches in both anti-psychiatry, and documentary film-making in the 1960s created new opportunities for audiences to engage with different psychological states. All of these developments in film and psychology continue to influence understandings in both these fields to the present day.

EEG-based Emotion Classification using Deep Learning: Approaches, Trends and Bibliometrics

Emotion classification has emerged as a critical area of research, holding immense significance in the understanding of human behaviour, mental health, and social interactions. The increasing recognition of emotional well-being's crucial role in various domains, such as healthcare, psychology, and human-computer interaction, has driven substantial attention toward accurately classifying and analysing emotions. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to unravel the scientific production and temporal evolution of research related to emotion classification. Leveraging the extensive Scopus database, we meticulously collected and meticulously analysed a diverse range of 440 articles on emotion classification from its inception to the present day. The application of advanced bibliometric measures has yielded vital insights into current trends, patterns, and characteristics in this field of study. Our data indicated an unexpected trend: an increase in research activity, especially after 2018. The understanding of how emotions impact human experiences and behaviour has advanced significantly. Researchers from several fields have emphasised the need of better understanding and describing emotions, resulting in a large rise in study output. However, there is still need for improvement in terms of agreement on emotion categorization assessment approaches and standardisation processes. It is difficult to compare and duplicate study findings due to a lack of precise assessment criteria. To address this problem, it's crucial for researchers to collaborate and develop a common knowledge. The aim of the paper is to widen our knowledge of emotions so that it can eventually result in policies being formed to improve our overall health. This knowledge could be implemented in psychological counselling and health promotion resulting in the development of closer social bonds.

Characterizing Human Habits in the Lab.

Habits pose a fundamental puzzle for those aiming to understand human behavior. They pervade our everyday lives and dominate some forms of psychopathology but are extremely hard to elicit in the lab. In this Registered Report, we developed novel experimental paradigms grounded in computational models, which suggest that habit strength should be proportional to the frequency of behavior and, in contrast to previous research, independent of value. Specifically, we manipulated how often participants performed responses in two tasks varying action repetition without, or separately from, variations in value. Moreover, we asked how this frequency-based habitization related to value-based operationalizations of habit and self-reported propensities for habitual behavior in real life. We find that choice frequency during training increases habit strength at test and that this form of habit shows little relation to value-based operationalizations of habit. Our findings empirically ground a novel perspective on the constituents of habits and suggest that habits may arise in the absence of external reinforcement. We further find no evidence for an overlap between different experimental approaches to measuring habits and no associations with self-reported real-life habits. Thus, our findings call for a rigorous reassessment of our understanding and measurement of human habitual behavior in the lab.

Gambaran Wabah Dalam Karya Sastra Metamorphoses, The Good Earth, The Seventh Seal, Dan Cat’s Cradle: Kajian Interteks

This paper aims to analyze patterns and causes of epidemics in the novels Metamorphoses, The Good Earth, The Seventh Seal, and Cat’s Cradle. Through the approach of intertextual theory and the hermeneutic method, common patterns are identified, namely family disintegration, unnatural births, and epidemics. The cause of these epidemics is infidelity or deviation within the family, seen as a divine punishment upon humanity. These findings highlight the relationship between literary texts and social phenomena, offering insights into how literary narratives reflect and shape our understanding of epidemics and human behavior. The implications of this analysis can provide a deeper understanding of human complexity and the relevance of literature in illuminating significant aspects of human experience, such as epidemics and morality.

A new model for residential location choice using residential trajectory data

Traditional residential location choice (RLC) models are based on the characteristics of location and demographics, revealing important patterns of RLC, but no RLC models have yet incorporated individual preferences. This study fills this gap by integrating the pattern of home-based travel into the RLC model. Firstly, by analysing residential trajectory data collected from Beijing and Shenzhen, we find that both residents’ commuting time, that is, time spent commuting to work, and home-based non-commuting (HBNC) time, that is, time spent on the consumption of amenities when departing from homes, follow an extreme value distribution (EVT). This indicates that, based on time budget and financial constraints, residents strive to minimise commuting time and maximise HBNC time. Subsequently, by integrating these findings into individual-level RLC analysis, we obtain an RLC model that aligns with the gravity model. Throughout the model training process, we demonstrate that the RLC model exhibits strong robustness by incorporating control variables, changing the spatial scale of the observation unit, testing for endogeneity, and considering historical RLC. Moreover, the model performs well in applications including assessing dynamic changes in RLC behaviours and making predictions based on previous travel behaviours. The RLC model in this study advances our understanding of human habitat selection behaviour and can be utilised by policymakers to develop and implement effective urban planning and epidemic management policies.

Sociology and Education: A Study on Higher Education in Pakistan

The research paper studied higher education in Pakistan from a sociological perspective. It examines how social factors affect higher education, with a focus on how higher education can either promote social mobility or lead to social reproduction. The study addresses how sociological theories may help us comprehend higher education challenges such as access to quality and efficiency, the importance of education, insufficient research activities, and discrepancies in educational attainment and retention based on class, race, and gender. This study aims to analyze the education system in Pakistan and identify the challenges that hinder the achievement of higher education opportunities. It investigates the historical, cultural, and institutional contexts that shape these fields and their interrelationships. This study draws material from the literature that has already been published. This research aims to emphasize how sociology and education can complement each other in advancing our understanding of human behavior and society.

Axiological availability and desirability. comparative study between moldovan immigrant adolescents in Italy and Moldovan adolescents in the Republic of Moldova

Nowadays, in common parlance, values are the ideals towards which individuals strive and which guide their existence. Despite the variety of disciplines and different theoretical-methodological approaches in which values are addressed, there seems to be a complete agreement between researchers, namely that values facilitate both understanding of human behavior, relationship of humans to society and their social interactions, as well as the comprehension of how they are generated in a certain society and culture, how they spread and change, along with the mechanisms that lead individuals to adopt some of them, rather than others. Thus, through this paper we will try to answer the following questions: „Is there a defined set of values that today’s adolescents adhere to?” and „How do values relate to each other in today’s young people?”. In this way, we tend to obtain a picture of the psychosocial adaptation of adolescents in the diaspora and in the Republic of Moldova, by assessing the discrepancy between the availability and desirability of life areas.