Unconscious Aspects Research Articles

Disparate Relationship of Sexual Satisfaction, Self-Esteem, Anxiety, and Depression with Endocrine Profiles of Women With or Without PCOS.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of psychological distress including anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, less is known about sexual satisfaction and self-esteem as well as the relationship of these aspects of psychological function with clinical and hormonal profiles associated with PCOS. This cross-sectional study compared women with PCOS (N = 96) and healthy controls (N = 47). This study assessed sexual function (primary outcome), self-esteem, anxiety, and depression as well as evaluation of clinical, endocrine, and metabolic parameters. Overall, sexual satisfaction scores were comparable among women with and without PCOS. However, psychosexual function of women with PCOS exhibited distinguishing characteristics. The unconscious aspect of sexuality: frequency of erotic dreams, significantly correlated with free testosterone (ρ = 0.24, P = 0.03) and DHEAS (ρ = 0.31, P = 0.004) only in the PCOS group. In contrast, in women with PCOS, the frequency of masturbation did not correlate with endocrine profiles, but correlated with trait anxiety (ρ= 0.21, P = 0.049) and depression (ρ = 0.21, P = 0.05). Only one aspect of self-esteem (body appearance) was reduced in the PCOS group (P = 0.02) and was related to BMI and androgen. Women with PCOS had greater state anxiety (P = 0.02) and depression (P < 0.001); these scores correlated with BMI. However, anxiety and depression correlated with testosterone only in women without PCOS. The above findings indicate that PCOS is associated with a broad range of alterations of psychological function including psychosexual aspects; these alterations are in complex relationship with BMI and androgen levels.

Silencing and Oblivion of Psychological Trauma, Its Unconscious Aspects, and Their Impact on the Inflation of Vajrayāna. An Analysis of Cross-Group Dynamics and Recent Developments in Buddhist Groups Based on Qualitative Data

The commercialization of Buddhist philosophy has led to decontextualization and indoctrinating issues across groups, as well as abuse and trauma in that context. Methodologically, from an interdisciplinary approach, based on the current situation in international Buddhist groups and citations of victims from the ongoing research, the psychological mechanisms of rationalizing and silencing trauma were analyzed. The results show how supposedly Buddhist terminology and concepts are used to rationalize and justify economic, psychological and physical abuse. This is discussed against the background of psychological mechanisms of silencing trauma and the impact of ignoring the unconscious in that particular context. Inadequate consideration regarding the teacher–student relationship, combined with an unreflective use of Tibetan honorary titles and distorted conceptualizations of methods, such as the constant merging prescribed in so-called 'guru yoga', resulted in giving up self-responsibility and enhanced dependency. These new concepts, commercialized as 'karma purification' and 'pure view', have served to rationalize and conceal abuse, as well as to isolate the victims. Therefore, we are facing societal challenges, in terms of providing health and economic care to the victims and implementing preventive measures. This use of language also impacts on scientific discourse and Vajrayāna itself, and will affect many future generations.

Conscious and unconscious aspects of task representations affect dynamic behavior in complex situations.

Conscious and unconscious aspects of task representations affect dynamic behavior in complex situations.

Psychoanalysis and Problem-Based Learning

This paper aims to analyze possible convergences between Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Psychoanalysis. It is intended to discuss how psychoanalysis can contribute to the efficiency of PBL. This by proposing reflections on affective and unconscious aspects that PBL may be neglecting. Such aspects may become more conscious and reflected, enhancing the results obtained by the PBL. Among these we can mention: teacher-student relationship; the role of tutor and its relation to the abstinence of narcissistic enjoyment; the positive connotation that can be given to the conflict arising from doubts about the problem, among others; how to deal with always partial knowledge; how to deal with the autonomy to learn and the consequent responsibility.

Alliance challenges in the treatment of a narcissistic patient: the case of Alex.

People with pathological narcisism, with their conflicted sense of grandiosity and vulnerability, often pose a variety of therapeutic challenges, which may impede these patients’ ability to benefit from psychotherapy. To offer a case illustration and provide insight into the intrinsic difficulties of working with this patient group, we examined the treatment of a fictional character, Alex, from the TV series In Treatment. Based on the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-200 we diagnosed Alex with pathological narcissism, and evaluated the treatment process (seven sessions) by reporting on measurements of session-by-session change in explicit working alliance, implicit language alliance, and ruptures and repairs. Over the course of treatment, the working alliance (Working Alliance Inventory-Observer scale) fluctuated with a particularly low bond at session five, identified as a rupture (Rupture Resolution Rating System). Language analysis (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) showed that the unconscious aspects of the alliance started to deteriorate just before the rupture occurred. The results illustrate how therapists might be pulled to collude with narcissistic patients’ grandiosity, with the risk of neglecting their vulnerability. This fictional portrayal of a treatment with a narcissistic patient may be widely shared with researchers, students and therapists alike, offering a common locus of scholarly attention, and an innovative tool for teaching. Given the lack of empirical treatments for pathological narcissism and the great therapeutic challenges narcissistic patients present, further research and development of clinical guidelines are warranted.

Avaliação das motivações conscientes e inconscientes associadas à escolha do parceiro conjugal: criação do instrumento baverc assente na psicanálise vincular

The selection of the marital partner compromises the individual that choses as also the individual that is assumed and identified. Clarifying what unites the couple it is also possible to clarify what disunites it. It is intended to think the individual in the marital dyad, where the individual exists as a relational and thinking being enrolled in the linkage configurations that operate consciously and unconsciously for the selection of the marital partner. The expression of the marital linkage happens simultaneously through conscious aspects such as relationships interacting among each other where the presence of the other is fundamental, weather through unconscious aspects like alliances, agreements, pacts and interphantasmatic unconscious plots and the underlying unconscious and generational familial and social linkage structures. In the assembling of the psychic spaces of the marital linkage we find intra-subjective, intersubjective and transubjective psychic spaces. An instrument was created which assesses the several relational spheres of conjugality (BAVERC) with the goal of creating a dichotomous scale about the conscious/unconscious determination of the selection of the marital object as also as to create a categorization of the conscious and unconscious aspects prevailing in each couple. This instrument is based in the perspective of linkage psychoanalysis which requires the analysis of the interfaces relative to the generation of the marital linkage.

Psycho-semiotic model of thinking. Combining Klein and Peirce theory of symbol for more comprehensive model of mind

Thesis: Aim of the paper is to present Melanie Klein and Charles S. Peirce concept of symbol in order to combine them into scheme that presents conscious and unconscious aspect of thinking through symbolic signs (signs based on convention).&#x0D; Presented concepts: Paper presents concept of symbol in psychoanalytical and semiotic perspective. Psychoanalytical view is based on interpretation of symbol according to object relation paradigm proposed by Klein. There are two reasons for selecting her theory for the model: it is most closely bound with interdependency between communication and thinking plus her concept of proper symbol fulfills definition of symbolic sign in Peirce theory, due to deployment of matter of absence in substitution process. Peirce theory however is selected to present semiotic perspective not only for its good linkage to Klein’s “proper symbol” but also for its accurate understating of object representation in quasi- mind through Representamen and as a result recognition of symbol embedment in code through unlimited semiosis. Chosen concepts are consolidated into psycho-semiotic model of thinking which recognizes symbol to be co-created by unique internal world of unconscious phantasy with simultaneous employment of semiotic devices oriented to external, group order perspective.&#x0D; Results and conclusions: Proposed psycho-semiotic model of thinking enhances psychoanalytic view, based on drive for object, by recognizing communication means required for meaningful relation and with that for thinking itself. As a result conceptualizing thinking processes is enriched with semiotic discoveries such as mechanics and structure of Representamen and Interpretant, along with indispensable code rules, with unlimited semiosis at its core. In turn psychoanalytical view adds to semiotic perspective sensitivity to individual potential and constrains when code is in use and with that raises precision of exploration in the field.&#x0D; Contribution to the field: Proposed model enriches theory of thinking based on object relations with semiotic sign theory, which being focused on communication serves as a frame for establishing object relations and their conceptualization. In turn employing psychoanalytic perspective into semiotic field brings back code theory to actual code usage, and by that expands it to various unconscious forces, which ultimately determine Interpretant

Intimate and Personal Sphere in the System of Vital Values of the Anomalous Person – the Offender

The study of the peculiarities of the structural and dynamic characteristics of the value and content sphere of the anomalous personality remains within the scope of actual psychological problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the peculiarities of value orientations that represent the intimate and personal sphere, in the ideal representation, within conscious and unconscious aspects, as well as to analyze the place of the intimate and personal sphere in the structure of the assessment of reality in persons with specific personality disorders, who committed illegal actions.&#x0D; The authors have studied 100 individuals with personality abnormalities and unlawful behavior. The control group consisted of 50 individuals without personality abnormalities who did not commit offenses and would refer to the main group according to socio-demographic indicators. To obtain results that reflect the system of attitudes of studied individuals to leading values in their own assessment factors, reflecting the leading bases of classification of the validity of these individuals, the authors used J. Kelly’s Test Repertoire of Role Constructs. Subjects’ perceptions of the ideal hierarchy of terminal values were researched using the rank grid as a variant of J. Kelly’s Test Repertoire. To evaluate the systems of conscious values, the authors used E. B. Fantalova’s technique of “Correlation of “value” and “accessibility” in different spheres of life”. Unconscious aspects of attitudes towards these values were studied using the Color Test of the Attitudes of A. M. Etkind. Rank structures were obtained which allowed to distinguish the comparative features of the ideal, conscious and unconscious aspects of the attitude towards values of intimate and personal relations of anomalous persons in comparison with the control group.&#x0D; The data obtained demonstrated that the system of attitude towards the values of the intimate and personal sphere in the control group, was more harmonious and formed than in the main group, with an overall high assessment of the values of the intimate and personal orientation. It is demonstrated that defined structural and dynamic characteristics of the value sphere of anomalous individuals indirectly determine personal disharmony. These differences are at the root of the motivational and contentious conflict associated with the intimate and personal relationships of the anomalous individuals. This internal conflict of psychopathic personality causes the failure of its self-realization in this sphere of vital activity. It is emphasized that psycho-corrective work with anomalous personalities should be directed to harmonization, increase of structure and awareness of their own system of value orientations, in particular values, which represent the intimate and personal sphere.

Formação na clínica: uma experiência inicial com crianças e famílias orientada pela Psicanálise

The complexity of the current problems has driven a constant improvement in the clinical training of Psychology trainees in order to meet the diverse demands of the contemporary subject. The present theoretical-clinical study was intended to reflect on the formation of the clinical attitude of the Psychology student from an initial experience of attending a group of children and parents, in an evaluation/intervention modality guided by Psychoanalysis. Clinical material from the transcriptions, observations and supervision of the sessions that took place in a university clinic was used. The initial complaints of learning problems and difficulties in school could be amplified. Insecurity was initially experienced by the trainees when encountering the diversities and familiarities, with the subsequent construction of bonds within the group and greater involvement of the parents in the difficulties of the children. The supervisions allowed the analysis of unconscious aspects of the relationships, transference and countertransference, considering the negative capacity involved, with the supervisor seeking to accompany the trainees in the metabolization of this emotional experience. They could to improve observations, to interconnect theoretical-technical knowledge with practice and to construct reflections regarding the professional posture and clinical attitude.

The Shape of Water: An Ecopsychological Fairy Tale

Abstract Depth psychology recognizes the role of myth and fairy tales in providing insight into the unconscious aspects of people and cultures. By working with these stories, we can often find a pa...

Value Perception of Green Products: An Exploratory Study Combining Conscious Answers and Unconscious Behavioral Aspects

Previous studies have failed to provide a comprehensive view on the value perception of green products. The present research takes up this challenge through an experiment in which 43 participants have interacted with and evaluated 40 products—20 baseline products and 20 green products of the same categories. The experiment included both self-assessments to monitor conscious evaluations of the products and biometric measurements (Eye-Tracking and Galvanic Skin Response) to capture unconscious aspects. The results show that different forms of perceived value emerge clearly. Green products, for which participants required greater efforts in the search for relevant information, boost the value attributed to creative solutions still believed of high quality. This effect is significantly more evident for participants showing remarkable interest for sustainability issues. Conversely, alternative products feature greater value perception because they are acknowledged to be functional and reliable.

A contribution from psychoanalysis and neuroscience to a non-reductionist approach in economics

What connections can be identified between economics, psychoanalysis and neuroscience and why make them? These are different disciplines and it is unusual to approach them together. The scientific paradigm of complexity includes and broadens the positivist paradigm and invites us to learn to think in terms of relationships and processes, and therefore in interdisciplinary terms. Specifically, it has been noted that the study of economics tends to be independent of a precise knowledge of human operations, of what actually determines effective choices and behaviours. In this sense, both psychoanalysis – understood as a discipline that leads the human sciences to the need to equip themselves in order to also consider the socalled unconscious aspects – and neurosciences – for the study of the neurophysiological correlates of the mind – can help build knowledge based on a complex systemic view of economic processes and their peculiarities. From this perspective, the group analysis – as also applying the unconscious conceptualisation to the study of the groups and to the groups clinic –can constitute a theoretical-experiential laboratory for the analysis and verification of hypotheses consistent with complex objectives, in the setting of survey, research and practice in the scientific, political and social fields.

Luminous Road

Luminous Road Speer Morgan Surrealism is often associated with an absurdist worldview and the gloomier aspects of the larger movement of existentialism. Yet André Breton’s defining 1924 Manifesto of Surrealism is playful and hopeful in tone about the power of the human mind and art. Breton uses the word “luminous” twice in the manifesto, first by imagining himself to be living in or visiting the “romantic ruins” of a castle on the outskirts of Paris, a place occupied and enjoyed by the artists, writers, and philosophers he feels blessed to know, who reach that castle by means of a “luminous road.” He recognizes that this is just a fantasy but asks rhetorically “why not” imagine that one might live in such a place. In the second passage he refers to the “luminous phenomenon” of how the mind works and how the spark between two ideas—the association of ideas—can lead to beauty and meaning. In Breton’s thinking and in the larger movement, surrealist ideas arose from new views about both the conscious and the unconscious aspects of the mind and its creative potential. Elements of the surreal find their way into almost every phase of literature in the last century, including modernism, existentialism, Beat writing, and postmodernism. Recently I have noticed an upsurge of belief in the power of the unexpected and the unconscious and of somehow finding new realities through the larger engagement of the whole mind. The surrealist idea of taking elements out of their usual contexts and associations—whether they be persons or settings or objects—is a simplified and resilient model of the broad subject of creativity itself, whether in the arts or sciences. Surrealism believes in the power of the [End Page 5] unconscious or attendant mind and of finding new realities within the dream. Pocket watches don’t hang from trees or have liquid properties, yet such an image may be, in some unpredictable way, exactly what inspires a poet or a scientist toward an important new idea or solution. Over the past century, the practical arts have made widespread use of surreal and expressionist methods. This issue’s Curio Cabinet, “Stage Pictures: Jo Mielziner and the Art of Set Design,” opens with a detailed note from Tennessee Williams regarding the set for his new play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, to open on Broadway in 1955. Williams and Mielziner had previously worked together on A Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire. Mielziner’s minimalist approach emphasized one or two key images within the play, which perfectly expressed Williams’s lyrical realism. Yet the playwright encouraged Mielziner to push the designs for Cat into the realm of the metaphysical, asking that Maggie and Brick’s bedroom be “roofed by sky” to suggest the mystery of the cosmos. Williams also provided the designer with detailed notes on the huge console—the combination radio, phonograph, and liquor cabinet—that dominates the room as an objective correlative for “all the comforts and illusions behind which we hide,” with the overarching cosmos as a powerful commentary on those illusions. Mielziner’s sketches from the archive at the New York Public Library of Performing Arts demonstrate his skillful interpretation of Williams’s requests. They also show an expressive talent that sustained a fifty-year career and helped transform set design from craft to art. Cat Powell’s powerful story “Manifold Northeast Life and Trust” is about an isolated middle-aged widower working for a once thriving insurance company now in such decline that its multistory office building is scarcely occupied. In his isolation, he notices fantastical changes in his workplace. A pond appears in one of the offices, fish populate it, and then a forest starts to grow. He does less and less of his regular work and more and more tending of the forest and dismantling the offices to make room for it. Later, ghostly shades of dead former colleagues start to appear and populate the building, going about the business of work and interacting with each other. The narrator seems to have made the transition from the necessary labor of supporting self and family in the real world to tending a...

Therapist-Client Language Matching: Initial Promise as a Measure of Therapist-Client Relationship Quality.

While research suggests that the therapeutic alliance is important in predicting outcomes of psychotherapy, relatively little is known about the development of the alliance or the moment-to-moment components of the relationship and how they combine to create an alliance, which may represent a serious limitation in existing methods of measurement. Language style matching (LSM), or the degree to which unconscious aspects of an interactional partner's language mimic that of the other partner, is a promising, unobtrusive measure of interaction quality that could provide novel insight into the therapist-client alliance. In this article, we present a theoretical argument regarding the trajectory of therapist-client LSM across therapy sessions, as well as potential precursors and consequences of LSM. We then report on a pilot test of our hypotheses that examined how LSM, clients' relational histories, and clients' symptoms were associated within a therapeutic context. Using a small sample of substance dependent mothers (N = 7, 100% Caucasian women) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of psychodynamic psychotherapy lasting 12 sessions, we examined client and therapist LSM across 4 of the 12 sessions. We found that, on average, LSM decreases over the course of treatment. Furthermore, greater client interpersonal problems prospectively predict lower early LSM in therapist-client dyads, which in turn predicts greater posttreatment psychiatric distress. Results generate questions for future research and support further investigations of LSM as one index of the quality of interactions between therapist and client.

Archaisms and their discovery in archetypal symbolism

The article presents the problem of archaisms, their energy influence on the human behavior in the integration unity with the ontological aspects of human development. The paper integrates the latest ideas of «non-classical psychology» (L. Vygotsky, A. Asmolov, D. El’konin, etc.), which determines the dynamics of the psychology development from statics to the psychodynamic approach to the study of the human psyche.&#x0D; The archaic heritage, as argued here, can not be studied independently from the personalized-individual human psyche. The article emphasizes the energу «doubling» (amplification and direction) of the psyche’s motivational potential due to its phylogenetic nature. The greatest achievement of the archaic heritage of mankind is the archetype as an instinct, which provides the ability to transcode the ideal psychic reality into the materialized and objectified one with the preservation of information equivalents. Therefore, it is impossible to perceive archaisms beyond the archetypal symbolism. The above mentioned explains the archaic origins of the successful use of the artistic works reproductions in the deep perception of the psyche.&#x0D; The article focuses on the archaism of guilt, which derives from the Oedipal complex and is also of an archaic origin. The category of guilt and the feeling of guilt respectively correlate with the conscious and unconscious aspects of the psyche. The effectiveness of «Super-Ego» is revealed in the guilt emergence.&#x0D; The article is completed within the psychodynamic paradigm and is based on the empirical material of the deep knowledge of the subject's psyche.

THE PHENOMENON OF GUILT AND ITS ARCHAISTIC ESSENCE

The basis of the research is the psychodynamic theory and the corresponding practice of deep knowledge of the psyche in its integrity (conscious / unconscious). The article focuses on the methodological and instrumental aspects of knowledge of the phenomenon of guilt in the depth-correction process using visualized means, based on archetypal symbols. The interconnection of guilty with a tendency to self-guilty and the Oedipus complex, which has archaic origin, is stated. The content of the article characterizes the guilt and feeling of guilt of the subject in relation to the conscious and unconscious aspect of the psyche.The article deals with the phenomenon of guilt in relation to original sin and Christian faith. After all, sin causes a feeling of guilt, which is expressed individually uniquely. In Christianity, sin and guilt are united by their archaic nature, but man is conscious of sin, and guilt is predominantly unconscious. Therefore, the significance2of original sin as one of the factors of guilt, in connection with the effectiveness of the substructure of the psyche - Super-Ego is revealed.For the first time it was stated that the archaic origin of the fault can be investigated theoretically, in the practical aspect archaism of guilt is not autonomous, separated from the individualized psyche of the subject. It is stressed that the archaism of guilt cannot detect itself directly in the mind of the subject, which determines the use in the in-depth knowledge of mediated means.The energy potential, which carries a sense of guilt, and negatively affects the psyche of the subject is analyzed. Therefore, the fault in the deep-correction process is known in unity with the archetype. Echoes of the guilty's archaism are reflected in the individualized psyche of the subject and are objectified through drawings of guilt, author's drawings, etc. Key words: archaism of guilt, archetype, Superego, active social and psychological perception, Oedipus complex, original sin Отримано: 06. 1 1 .2018 Відрецензовано: 20 .1 1 .2018 Опубліковано: 28 .12.2018 DOI: http://doi.org/10.31108/3.2019.2.10.4 * * * * * Завантажити/прочитати статтю PDF

Gehirnausstülpungen. Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte intellektueller Arbeit

AbstractCerebral Protuberances. Towards a History of Intellectual Work. In this paper, I unfold the implications of Warburg's notion of “cerebral protuberance” (German: “Gehirnhirnausstülpung”) for a historical epistemology of intellectual work and material imagination. Attention to the penultimate character of conceptual language, I argue, allows for an analysis of unconscious aspects in the process of knowledge formation. Revisiting Gaston Bachelard's conception of historical epistemology in the age of neuroplasticity, I suggest to attend to the reverberations between history of science and intellectual history in order to arrive at a better understanding of the exteriority of intellectual activity and the importance of affect in scientific and scholarly production.

Biased decisions on IT outsourcing: how vendor selection adds value

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the unconscious aspects of information technology (IT) outsourcing decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers extend the current literature and existing knowledge on the economic aspects of outsourcing decisions in a study on human behaviour and decision-making. Some vulnerabilities related to decision-making on outsourcing have been identified and mechanisms to address these vulnerabilities have been proposed.FindingsAlthough IT outsourcing is a widely accepted practice, the vulnerabilities that result from unconscious bias can outweigh the supposed economic gains. However, with support from research in psychology, it is possible to minimize bias and ensure positive value creation when engaging in outsourcing.Originality/valueThe authors argue for a multi-disciplinary approach, for decision-making on outsourcing, that integrates the psychological elements of decision-making with economic value-creation logic. The proposed practitioner-oriented approach is used in conjunction with traditional approaches to decision-making. Specifically, it addresses the uncertainties that may occur when interpreting and inferring information that influences outsourcing decisions.

The Hero's Journey: A Jungian Analysis of a Documentary Film Murderball

the disabled athletes’ development towards individuation consists in recognizing and coming to terms with the archetypes that represent different stages in their life-cycle. The archetypes of the shadow, the wise old man and the mother necessitate a process of harmonization and assimilation that force the athletes to acknowledge their capabilities and to confront their potentialities instead of continually repressing them. They willingly accept their current positions. Here, it is worth mentioning that Zupan, has achieved celebrity status. He says: Breaking my neck was the best thing that ever happened to me. I have an Olympic medal. I’ve been to so many countries I would never have been, met so many people I would never have met. I’ve done more in the chair,… than a whole hell of a lot of people who aren’t in chairs. (Murderball, 2005) In this moment, Zupan has completed the Jungian journey of individuation. By accepting his own status quo, he finally acquires the ability to transcend the limitations of being human. This process of individuation acknowledges the presence of a realm of psychic activity within the mind that lies beneath the persona. This leads to the understanding of dual personalities: the conscious and the unconscious which involves an encounter with the unconscious aspects of the self. The goal of individuation is to “forge into an indestructible whole, an ‘individual’” (Jung 522), achieving a status of self-hood and embracing all layers of the psyche, including both the positive and negative attributes of each layer. Individuation became the process by which Jung promoted the idea of becoming a whole and mentally stable individu

Getting Inside the Expert’s Head: An Analysis of Physician Cognitive Processes During Trauma Resuscitations

Crisis resource management skills are integral to leading the resuscitation of a critically ill patient. Despite their importance, crisis resource management skills (and their associated cognitive processes) have traditionally been difficult to study in the real world. The objective of this study was to derive key cognitive processes underpinning expert performance in resuscitation medicine, using a new eye-tracking-based video capture method during clinical cases. During an 18-month period, a sample of 10 trauma resuscitations led by 4 expert trauma team leaders was analyzed. The physician team leaders were outfitted with mobile eye-tracking glasses for each case. After each resuscitation, participants were debriefed with a modified cognitive task analysis, based on a cued-recall protocol, augmented by viewing their own first-person perspective eye-tracking video from the clinical encounter. Eye-tracking technology was successfully applied as a tool to aid in the qualitative analysis of expert performance in a clinical setting. All participants stated that using these methods helped uncover previously unconscious aspects of their cognition. Overall, 5 major themes were derived from the interviews: logistic awareness, managing uncertainty, visual fixation behaviors, selective attendance to information, and anticipatory behaviors. The novel approach of cognitive task analysis augmented by eye tracking allowed the derivation of 5 unique cognitive processes underpinning expert performance in leading a resuscitation. An understanding of these cognitive processes has the potential to enhance educational methods and to create new assessment modalities of these previously tacit aspects of expertise in this field.