Uncompleted Projects Research Articles

Construction of Scenarios: Planning and Sustainable Development in the Northern Coastal Area of Camagüey Province, Cuba

Beach tourism is a global phenomenon mainly in coastal areas of countries with unique and favorable shorelines. However, certain inland waterways serve same purpose of beach tourism. This research (as its objectives) exposes the condition of amenities, identifies associated socio-economic benefits and reveals problems confronting the Lokoja Confluence Beach in Kogi State, Nigeria. A survey design (with the aid of questionnaires and interview guide) was employed to obtain data from tourists, managers of the Confluence Beach and government officials at the State Tourism Board. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select respondent tourists. Univariate analysis was employed to obtain relevant information from collated data. The research findings revealed the existence of a few functional amenities and some uncompleted facility projects; diverse economic benefits to residents; problems of petty crime, diversion of funds and poor sensitization. Recommendations include provision of supplementary funds by the three tiers of government, development of strategic policy on marketing/sensitization and provision of amenities for indoor games close to the beach front.

Forward to the past: Lessons for the future of e-government from the story so far

While the development of e-government since the early 1990s has been characterized by many successful applications and systems, it has also been notable for a number of failures to fully realise visions and for several stalled ideas. Governments, professionals and indeed scholars have a tendency to embrace the latest technological developments before older ones have been fully exploited or in some cases even fully understood and this can leave a trail of uncompleted projects in its wake. The future success of e-government depends in part on understanding this phenomenon, addressing it and developing the ability to discern when a technology or concept is no longer of value and therefore should be abandoned and when a task needs to be finished properly, no matter how unglamorous that task may be.

Conversations with Tiger: Forty Years of Dialogue . . . and One Uncompleted Project

Here I describe four decades of my collaboration with Ernest S. Tiger Burch, Jr., principally concerning the editing of three late 19th-century reports on the Inupiat of northwest- ern Alaska, reports which were compiled at a time when Inupiaq societies were undergoing se- vere stresses from foreign intrusions and infl uences. The correspondence sheds light on Burch's research methodology, precision of thought, honesty, and ethical standards.

家族の民主化

本稿は, 戦後家族研究の再検討を通じて, 「家族の民主化」という理念が, 個人化や多様化によって特徴づけられる後期近代においても, なお重要な理念であることを明らかにするものである.本稿ではまず, 戦後すぐに家族研究の課題として掲げられた「家族の民主化」の理念とその限界を再考する. これまで民主化論には数多くの批判がなされ, 近年の家族社会学でこの用語が理念として取り上げられることはなくなった. しかし, 民主化論に対する批判は, その限界が, 民主化の理念そのものにではなく, 「家族の例外化」という前提にあったという重要な問題点を看過してきた. ここでは, 戦後の民主化論が「家族の例外化」に立脚してきたことを問題化したうえで, 「家族の民主化」の実現の可能性をA. ギデンズの「親密性の変容」や「民主的家族」の議論から探究する. ギデンズの議論にもまた多くの批判が寄せられているが, これらの多くはギデンズの意図を正確に把握していない可能性がある. ギデンズの議論は, 近年高まりつつある「家族の脱中心化」の議論へと接続することではじめて有効になると思われる. そして, 「家族の民主化」という理念が「家族の脱中心化」という理念と相補関係にあることを明らかにする.家族関係と民主主義の原理は相容れないとする前提こそが, これまでの家族論の背後仮説であった. しかし, 必要なのは家族と民主主義の関係を真摯に検討することであり, 「家族の民主化」という理念を<未完のプロジェクト>として, 家族社会学の中心的課題へと引きもどすことなのである.

Aid Volatlity: Is it a Problem in Tuvalu?

Empirical evidence on aid volatility shows that it adversely impacts recipient countries. For instance, high aid volatility results in uncompleted projects, affects fiscal planning, and decreases the economic and social value of aid. Given these impacts of aid volatility, this study seeks to find out whether aid volatility is a problem in Tuvalu – a small country in the Pacific that is highly dependent on foreign aid. The study, the first of its type in Tuvalu, looks at the volatility of aid relative to other government revenues, and aid volatility by donor, type, and sector in the country. Furthermore, the study tries to identify the causes and costs of aid volatility and how to deal with it. The findings reveal that although aid volatility, at the coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.49, is lower than the volatility of most revenue sources to the government of Tuvalu (fisheries licence, dot TV, TTF), it is much higher than domestic (tax) revenue which has a CV of 0.20 and aid volatility of other aid dependent countries. Moreover, by breaking down aid by donor, type, and sector; it is found that aid from donors funding projects (including capital projects) is more volatile than aid from donors whose aid goes more into budget support and routine programs such as scholarships. Accordingly, volatility is higher in project aid than budget support and program aid. Moreover, it is revealed that multilateral aid is less volatile than bilateral aid. The main causes of aid volatility in the country relate to the lack of effective aid agreements between Tuvalu and its donor partners, late disbursements in committed aid from donors, the focus of aid on individual projects instead of programs, and administrative problems in Tuvalu. The major costs of aid volatility in the country link to uncompleted projects, high transaction costs, ‘Dutch disease’, and fiscal planning problems. The study therefore argues that aid volatility is a problem in Tuvalu. Thus, to deal with the aid volatility problem, Tuvalu needs to strengthen ‘reserve funds’ such as the Tuvalu Trust Fund (Account B) to buffer for any disruptions in aid disbursements, provide sound policy and institutional climate in the country, target aid to budget support and programs instead of specific projects, and implement large infrastructural projects in phases.

Lindsey Hughes's "Landmarks in Russian Culture"

SEER, Vol. 88,Nos. 1/2,January/April 2010 Lindsey Hughes's Landmarks in Russian Culture ROBIN MILNER-GULLAND Lindsey Hughes is remembered doubtless by all professional Russian ists, and also by a wider public, as a meticulous traditional historian: chronicler in the first place of Peter the Great, and of other lives too ? of Sofiia, Golitsyn and of the Romanovs (in her last volume). Such a perception, however understandable, reflects only part of her ambitions and achievements: if we look a little further into her copious published work, we get a rather different picture. Conventional inves tigation of biography and historico-political processes retreats from view. In her many shorter articles, we find a tireless enthusiast for generally disregarded corners of history ? all the more significant in shedding an oblique, maybe discomfiting, light on the bigger, more public events. She clearly relished not just historical oddity for its own sake, but themultivalent, disparate strands thatmake up the texture of human culture. She had a special eye for the ephemera of social life ? old guidebooks, prints, cards and the like.We detect her interest not only in ceremony and ritual but in the off-guard moments of the great ? in quirky topics like Peter's decree against beards or the cult of his various 'domiki', the houses he stayed in; and on a broader front in the development and meanings of Court portraiture in an age of massive cultural change. Several clues to Lindsey's interests and theirmotivation can be found in her inaugural lecture at SSEES, published in 2000 as Playing Games: The AlternativeHistory ofPeter theGreat. It opens thus: People often ask me how I became interested enough in Peter theGreat to spend several years writing a 600-page book about his reign.Here is a partial answer: a seed of interestwas sown at Sussex University when, as a student ofRussian Studies in the early 1970s taking a course on 'Russian Ornamentalism and the Grotesque in the 20th Century', I read a novel by Iurii Tynianov called 'TheWax Effigy' [...] Early eighteenth-century Russia sounded like a sort of freak-show of waxworks, which I found intriguing. Unlike, she adds, the textbook version, full of'sensible, concrete things'. She came to her great work on Peter a 'natural sequel' to her 'exami nation of the life and regime' of his half-sister Sophia ? the other way Robin Milner-Gulland isResearch Professor of Russian and East European Studies at the University of Sussex. ROBIN MILNER-GULLAND 23 round to how one might expect. She was always excited by thatwhich was off-centre, distinctive, diverse, involuntarily indicative ? the qual ities thatmade her a cultural (rather than political, social or whatever) historian. It began with her doctoral work (though she had left Sussex for Cambridge, I remember itwell, talked or corresponded about it often, and such was academic life then ? found myself appointed one of her examiners). It was on the 'Moscow Baroque', a strange, idiosyncratic, yet memorable period of architectural and maybe general culture, squeezed between the Old and New Russia, hard to discuss in terms of either. Never thereafter did her intense interest in the processes and achievements of the visual arts leave her. She was also extremely responsive to Russia as a place, having (I believe) been galvanized into academic achievement by the experience of an undergraduate third year there, at a time when this was very unusual. Not only did buildings, pictures and so on as they now exist interest her, but their shifting cultural meanings through the genera tions and for people of varied circumstances. All this naturally gave rise to her great, uncompleted project on Landmarh inRussian Culture. She took it characteristically seriously, producing a document setting out her plans and making it the subject of discussion at a professional study-group in the late 1990s; so she saw it to some degree as a collaborative enterprise. It isworth quoting her aims as set out in this document: Landmarks in Russian Culture will focus on about twentyextantRussian build ings,paintings and statueswhich, inmy view, have a particular resonance for the history ofRussian culture, from the time of their creation to the present day. Individual chapters on each...

Lessing im Spiegel zeitgenössischer Briefe: Ein kommentiertes Lese- und Studien-werk, pt 1: 1750 bis 1781; pt 2: Anhang, Kommentar und Register ed. by Wolfgang Albrecht, Lessing: Gespräche, Begegnungen, Lebenszeugnisse. Ein kommentiertes Lese- und Studienwerk, pt 1: 1729 bis 1781; pt 2: Anhang, Kommentar und Register ed. by Wolfgang Albrecht, Lessing: Chronik zu Leben und Werk by Wolfgang Albrecht

MLR, 105.2, 2010 587 alongside contemporary theories of painting (essays on staffagebyGoethe and Carl Ludwig Fernow). Martin certainly succeeds inbringing out interesting aspects of theworks under discussion. The case studies aremeticulously researched, and she places each text in contextwith reference to an impressive array of sources, from contemporary letters and reviews (English aswell as German) tomodern scholarly studies on art,politi cal history, and even geology. Her close analyses of the texts themselves are lively and sophisticated. She presents us with fresh interpretations of the better-known works: while recent research on Moritz, for example, has focused on landscape description in his travelwriting, Martin draws attention to his portrayal of figures in order to show how the author's interest in staging and performance relates to discourses which are essentially theatrical. And she is perhaps at her boldest and most illuminating when discussing the relatively obscure Gad, Horstig, and Niemeyer, whose travel accounts are not available inmodern reprints. Horstig, for one, has surely not been subjected to this level of analysis before (if he is remembered at all today, it is for his Erleichterte deutsche Stenographie of 1797, a milestone in the development of shorthand in German', p. 91). In the end, the book puts forward convincing arguments for the complexity and seriousness of thiswriting, and serves to remind us that the boundaries between genres are much more fluid than often supposed. As such, it should be of interestnot only to scholars of travelwriting but of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century literature and culture more generally Swansea University Hilary Brown Lessing im Spiegel zeitgendssischer Briefe: Ein kommentiertes Lese- und Studien werky pt 1: 1750 bis 1781; pt 2: Anhang, Kommentar und Register. Ed. by Wolfgang Albrecht. Kamenz: Lessing-Museum. 2003. 600 pp. 57. ISBN 978-3-910046-40-5. Lessing: Gesprache, Begegnungeny Lebenszeugnisse. Ein kommentiertes Lese- und Studienwerk, pt 1: 1729 bis 1781; pt 2:Anhang, Kommentar und Register. Ed. byWolfgang Albrecht. Kamenz: Lessing-Museum. 2005. 813 pp. 57. ISBN 978-3-910046-41-2. Lessing: Chronik zu Leben undWerk. ByWolfgang Albrecht. Kamenz: Lessing Museum. 2008. 215 pp. 27.50. ISBN 978-3-910046-34-4. Wolfgang Albrecht has long been familiar to Lessing scholars as the author of numerous works on Lessing and as a former president of the International Les sing Society. In the threeworks reviewed here he now provides an indispensable resource for future research. The following outline should convey some idea of its scope. The firstanthology, in two consecutively paginated volumes, contains 1238 ex tracts from letters by some 340 of Lessing's contemporaries with their comments on and impressions of theman and his works. All of them,with the exception of 588 Reviews a few later items on Lessings death, burial, and memorials, date from the years 1750 to 1781. The second of the two volumes adds detailed notes on individual letters, an alphabetical list of correspondents, twenty-five illustrations of notable personalities, a voluminous index of names with biographical information on each, an index of references to Lessings works and uncompleted projects, and lists of sources forall thematerials cited. An unusual but welcome addition is an index of references in the letters to Lessings character and interests, under headings such as Ausdrucke, grobe und verachtliche', 'Biicherkenner, grofier, 'Hang, in alien Dingen etwas Sonderbares und Auffallendes darzustellen\ 'Kritikus, schlimmer unchristlicher, and 'Menschenfreund, der grdfite. The second anthology, again in two consecutively paginated volumes, follows a similar pattern to the first. It incorporates 1395 records (many ofwhich consist of several related testimonies) of conversations with or about Lessing, his encounters with numerous individuals, and various episodes in his life. The second volume contains editorial notes, an alphabetical list of conversation partners and persons encountered, sixteen illustrations (mainly facsimiles of important documents), a comprehensive index of names with biographical details, an index of references to Lessing sworks and projects, and lists of sources cited. The thirdwork reviewed, a circumstantial chronicle of Lessings life and works in one volume, comes with sixteen illustrations of places associated with Lessing and facsimiles of title-pages and illustrations of his works, an annotated index of names, and an index of references to Lessing's works and projects. To appreciate the importance...

Lost Delta found: rediscovering the Fisk University-Library of Congress Coahoma County study, 1941-1942

Lost Found: Rediscovering the Fisk University-Library of Congress Coahoma County Study, 1941-1942. By John Wesley Work, Lewis Wade Jones, and Samuel C. Adams, Jr. Edited by Robert Gordon and Bruce Nemerov. (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2005. Pp. xvi + 343, preface, introduction, photographs, illustrations, musical notation, maps, appendices, notes, indices. $34.95 cloth) Lost Found presents important writings from an uncompleted project, launched on the eve of the second World War, to document the African American folk culture of an entire county, Coahoma, in the Mississippi Delta. A collaboration between the pioneering African American college Fisk University and the Library of Congress's Archive of American Folksong, the project was to have culminated in the publication of a large field study, and to that end some forty hours of field recordings were made (including the first of Muddy Waters), one hundred residents separately interviewed, and a variety of data gathered. The project bogged down in disagreement over editing and authorship, however, and was shelved when principal researchers Lewis Wade Jones of Fisk and Alan Lomax of the Library of Congress were drafted into the military. The present volume has been assembled by editors Robert Gordon and Bruce Nemerov from the project writings of Lewis Wade Jones, Samuel C. Adams, and Fisk University music professor John Wesley Work III. Although the only finished piece in this volume is Changing Negro Life in the Delta (Adams' Fisk M.A. thesis), all the writings are vital and illuminating, for they represent some of the earliest scholarship on African American folklife and folk music in the Mississippi Delta. At the time of the project's inception, Fisk was home to an innovative sociology department headed by Charles S. Johnson. Johnson and his associates (including Lewis Jones, but not John Work) had just published Growing up in the Black Belt (1941 ) a survey of eight predominantly black southern counties. Coahoma was depicted as a once-isolated area still dominated by the cotton plantation system but experiencing rapid mechanization and urbani/ation. Folk culture was not documented or studied for the book, but when Alan Lomax, who had been making field recordings throughout the South, Northeast and Midwest since 1933, visited Fisk in April, 1941 to take part in an anniversary celebration, a joint project was discussed, and Coahoma was subsequently chosen for further study. A brief preliminary field-recording trip was made at the end of the summer, with Johnson and Work present at some sessions, but most of the field recording was done the following summer by Alan Lomax and Lewis Jones. Working independently of Lomax and Jones, Samuel C. Adams and Fisk anthropology fellow Ulysses Young collected interviews and data on paper based on a prepared questionnaire, a method developed by Johnson. In Lewis Jones's writings for the unfinished study, he observes that three generations of African Americans shaped Coahoma County, beginning in the 187Os, and links changes in technology and transportation there with changes in the folk culture. Samuel Adams's thesis fleshes out this model considerably with song excerpts, stories, and interviews that range from poignant to hilarious. John Work, a music teacher and composer who on his own had gathered folksongs in and around Nashville with paper, pen and occasionally a disc recorder, took a less sociological approach, transcribing a sample of the field recordings and grouping them by genre for commentary. Work's analysis of blues, spirituals and game songs gathered in the field is acute and rewarding. His sections on black worksongs and balladry are less developed, though he might have had more to say in a finished study. The transcriptions are reproduced from handwritten originals that Work may have intended to develop further-some lack full lyrics, others are only melodic fragments, and none have tempo markingsbut the complete, detailed transcriptions of such performances as the group spiritual Hallelu, Hallelu (153), a contrapuntal track-lining song (175-179), and a half-spoken, half-sung sermon (66-76), provide insightful commentaries on the recordings. …

The Intended and Unintended Consequences of Housing Reform Policies in the Pearl River Delta

With few exceptions, public policies are postulated with good intentions. Nevertheless, when well justified policies are implemented, they of ten result in unintended consequences which might deviate from, or even contradict, what they have originally been designed to achieve. Recent development in the marketization of land and housing in the Pearl River Delta offers an obvious, though economically and socially costly, example of such. This paper traces the original intentions of housing reform policies in the Pearl River Delta and compare them with consequential developments. It aims at analyzing the cause and effect of both the intended (such as to speed up the process of urban development, to increase the provision of housing units, and to modernize the urban infrastructure) and the unintended (such as the speculation of land, the skyrocketing of house prices, and the prevalence of uncompleted housing projects) consequences of such policies.

The question of max weber today

Max Weber is perhaps the most troublesome figure in twentieth cen tury social and political thought. His work has been the subject of widely differing interpretations and evaluations, from varying political and socio logical standpoints. But while a myriad of critics and analysts have been at work, even more has happened during the intervening decades since his death. Changing historical realities have pressured sociologists to create more comprehensive and meaningful theoretical perspectives, a truer vision of sociology's calling, and a fuller relationship with its past. The need to see the tumultuous political, social and cultural upheavals of twentieth cen tury modernity in the context of the wider and deeper streams of "universal history" has further enhanced Weber's special claims on our attention, since no other thinker has approached sociology with a greater sensitivity to the deep historical origins of our contemporary situation. While the literature about Weber is far from unanimous in its judgment of him and his work, its very size implies that he cannot be ignored. Few of those attempting to reconstruct Weber's work have expended as much energy as Wolfgang Schluchter. He has carried through this effort on at least three major fronts. Schluchter is one of the editors of the on going Max Weber Gesamtausgabe which promises a complete and thoroughly edited collection of all of Weber's writings (including his correspondence). He has also edited several volumes of collected studies by specialists as sessing the contemporary standing of Weber's sociological efforts, including his sociology of Confucianism and Taoism, Hinduism and Buddhism, and his uncompleted projects on Islam and Western Christianity (see the ref erences in Schluchter, 1996: 360, 363-365). Finally, he has written a number of books which offer his own reconstruction of Weber's work, a list which promises to grow in coming years. For English readers, this series was be gun in a joint volume with Guenther Roth on Weber's vision of history (see Roth and Schluchter, 1979). The translation of his book on Weber's

INVESTMENT CYCLES IN SOCIALIST ECONOMIES: A RECONSIDERATION *

The theory of investment cycles in planned economies is reviewed, and a formal model is presented and tested on data from Eastern Europe and the U.S.S.R. The results suggest that over time consumption has been increasingly protected against fluctuations in investment, and that the relationship between investment and the trade balance has acquired greater significance. This could be interpreted as the result of learning from experience on the part of the planners. The theory that investment decisions are significantly influenced by the overhang of uncompleted projects from past periods was also tested with mixed results. Copyright 1991 by Royal Economic Society.

Humanist Prosodic Theory, Dutch Synods, and the Poetics of the Sidney-Pembroke Psalter

It is now generally accepted that Sir Philip Sidney's share of the SidneyPembroke psalter belongs to the mid-1580s, and thus to the last months of his short life.1 At his death at the age of nearly thirty-two in October 1586, Sidney left the psalter uncompleted, having composed metaphrases of only the first forty-three psalms, but his sister Mary, the Countess of Pembroke, in effect acting as his literary executor, carried forward various uncompleted projects of her brother's, including the psalter. It has recently been suggested that she may have revised and completed at least a draft as early as 1594, although the date for its completion is more customarily given as 1599-1601.2 Whatever the details of its inception and completion, scholars are now increasingly united as to the work's importance and merit, although some dissenting voices may still be heard.3 Despite this increasingly unanimous perception of its value, the Sidney-Pembroke psalter still attracts a disproportionate amount of commentary that confines scholarly attention almost exclusively to an insular or national context, one in which the psalter is regarded as the culmination of a century of English psalmody. In those few cases where commentators have been prepared to look to Europe rather than England, they have usually done so in what I have become increasingly convinced is an inhibited manner: they remain content to note the sporadic influence of the French Huguenot psalter. This psalter had been initiated back in the

A Dutch test with the NewProd‐Model

AbstractThe paper contains a report of a test of Cooper's NewProd model for predicting success and failure of product development projects. Based on Canadian data, the model has been shown to make predictions which are 84% correct. Having reservations on the reliability and validity of the model on theoretical grounds, we set out to test it using data collected in the Netherlands.Following Cooper's methodology, we selected 19 projects, which had already been marketed and of which 9 were clearcut successes and 10 clearcut failures. We also studied 9 additional projects, which had not yet been commercialised, as the basis for a future a priori test. The projects were given a product score according to Cooper's criteria, and predictions compared with the actual experience. Eightyfour percent were correctly classified, as in Cooper's work. From a practical point of view however the variance was too large to allow the predictions from NewProd to be used with confidence to predict outcomes unless they are clearcut.We believe that the drawback of the methodology is that the product score is a simple combination of the various factors involved. No allowance is made for the possibility that one factor alone might be responsible for failure. We have therefore introduced the concept of a threshold value for each factor. A project for which any factor falls below this value will be deemed a failure. Based on a very limited sample of 19 cases an improvement of reliability was made to 95% of 18 out of 19 products correctly classified. The NewProd concept so modified is being applied to the sample of 9 as yet uncompleted projects, and its predictions will eventually be compared with actual outcomes.

Contractual arrangements and the performance of the Nigerian construction industry (the structural component)

The Nigerian construction industry is beset with many problems, such as uncompleted projects and poor quality work. Also the level of productivity is low, especially in projects handled by indigenous contractors. Investigation into the causes has identified two sets of variables, termed structural and systemic, as being responsible. Structural variables which are inherently related to the conditions and practices within a given environment, were found to be controllable, if special provisions can be made within the conditions of contract. The paper therefore examines these structural variables and relates them to provisions in the conditions of contract which undermine the performance of local contractors. It also suggests ways of improving the provisions to make them more effective.

The Screenwriter and the Social Problem Film, 1936-38: The Case of Robert Rossen at Warner Brothers

THE SCREENWRITER AND THE SOCIAL PROBLEM FILM, 1936-38: THE CASE OF ROBERT ROSSEN AT WARNER BROTHERS By Brian Neve Brian Neve lectures in political science and infilm in the School ofHumanities and Social sciences, University ofBath, England. Recent work dealing with Hollywood in the 1930s includes extensive discussion of the role ofthe screenwriter in the film community, particularly in the second half ofthe decade when writers were centrally involved in political activity both in and outside the studios. (1) It was also during this period that Warner Brothers revived the 'topical' social problem picture that they had pioneered in the dark days ofthe early thirties, Peter Roffrnan and Jim Purdy, in their recent survey ofthe social problem genre, see the late thirties as the period when, particularly at the major studios, such films became strongly associated with a 'formula' that upheld the fundamentals of American democracy far more than it questioned them. (2) From the mid-1 930s on—and for at least a decade—a new generation of writers, and some actors, came to Hollywood and began to exert influence on the politics ofthe filmmaking community and on the films themselves. These writers had a stronger political sense than the generation that came west at the onset ofthe talkies and which has been held responsible for setting the cynical, socially 'superficial' tone ofmuch of Hollywood writing in the thirties. The new generation had experience ofthe leftist theatres of thirties New York rather than of 1920s Broadway, and they were "steeped in the thirties combativeness, ethnic origins, and the sense ofthe tough city." (3) An early arrival from the tough city—in 1936—was Robert Rossen. Rossen had grown up in the middle of Manhattan, on the East Side but outside of the lower East Side ghetto. Growing up with a variety of ethnic groups, Rossen learned to defend himself, and in the longer term something about "the impact of environment on character and vice versa..." (4) Rossen was involved, without great success, in the New York theatre ofthe first halfofthe thirties; directing two plays in 1932-Steelby John Wexley and The Tree, a play by Richard Maibaum about lynching. The next year Rossen and Irving Barrett presented Maibaum's play Birthright—one of several anti-Nazi dramas produced in the year ofHitler's accession to power. Rossen's own play, The Body Beautiful, lasted four performances on Broadway in November 1935, but it led directly to his writers contract at Warner Brothers. Mervyn LeRoy, a Warner's director since 1 928, admired Rossen's play and brought him to Warners under personal contract in 1936, when Rossen was 28. Rossen gained ten writing credits with Warners between 1937 and 1943, while also working on eight uncompleted projects. In a discussion ofRaoul Walsh's first three films at Warners-The Roaring Twenties (1939), (co-written by Rossen), They Drive By Night (1940) and High Sierra (1941>—it has been argued that the feeling for "crime, working class life and radical politics" found in these films owed much to the New York experiences ofthe writers involved—Rossen, Mark Hellinger, and Jerry WaId. (5) In terms ofradical politics, the leading role after 1936 was played by the Hollywood branch ofthe Communist Party. In that year V. J. Jerome came west in order to build up the Party's strength, and the late thirties saw the politicization of Hollywood in terms of Party membership, support for anti-fascist and progressive fronts and organizations, and battles over recognition for the Screen Writers Guild. The attractiveness ofthe Party to liberals and radicals alike had been enhanced by its adoption ofa Popular Front policy in 1935; the CPUSA was now to identify itselfas part ofa broad coalition supporting the New Deal and fighting fascism both at home and abroad. By his own estimate Rossen joined the Communist Party in the spring or summer of 1937, remaining a member until 1947. Rossen later argued that he had been looking for new horizons and "a new kind of society: There weren't any values, and the Communist Party seemed to be a place that had the values." (6) Lester Cole has written ofthe late thirties that it...

The 1961 International Standards Organization Technical Committee 36 Meeting

Representatives from the national standardizing bodies of ten countries met at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, to carry on the work of ISO/TC 36, Cinematography. The work covered a wide range of subjects affecting, in various ways, international business in the field of cinematography. Five current situations outlined illustrate important aspects of the work. Seven Working Groups were authorized to continue work on the uncompleted projects. Continuation of these activities is important to United States industry in this field.