Ultraviolet Protection Factor Research Articles

Design and Fabrication of Bistratal Functional Anionic Polyurethane Membrane on the Surface of Cashmere Fiber Based on Foaming Micro-Coating and the Studies of its Structure–Activity Relationships

This research aims to reinforce the hand-feeling and washing fastness of anti-pilling and antistatic cashmere textiles based on a traditional “addition” technique. The technical proposal that effectively controls the distribution of polymer on cashmere textiles, based on foaming micro-coating technology, is studied and compared to prevent the superabundant polymer being fixed in the gaps between yarns/fibers and to ensure the graphene is semi-embedded in the membrane of “Table coating.” A couple of flexible hydrophilic anionic polyurethanes are used in micro-coating processing of cashmere purposefully. The effects of different coating technique on pilling, static, anti-ultraviolet, and washing resistance of coated cashmere textiles are studied. The results show that the semi-embedded graphene in the table coating membrane is meaningful to the static resistance. The pilling resistance of cashmere textile covered by polymer membranes is enhanced from grade 1–2 to grade 4–5 when the weight gain rate of “Bottom coating” polyurethane reaches 1.5% (o.w.f.), and its static voltage half-life decreases from 170 s to less than 2 s. In addition, the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value of coated cashmere is doubled, and anti-pilling and anti-static effects can withstand five washings.

Functionalization of cellulosic and polyester textiles using reduced Schiff base (RSB) of eco-friendly vanillin.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-023-05085-z.

Long-lasting superhydrophobic antibacterial PET fabrics via graphene oxide promoted in-situ growth of copper nanoparticles

In this paper, superhydrophobic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric with excellent antibacterial activity was prepared via in-situ growing of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and subsequent modification with 1-octadecanethiol (DT). Graphene oxide (GO) and tannic acid (TA) were synergistically used as polyanionic electrolyte in layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly, where GO played a critical role. It significantly promoted the nucleation of CuNPs on the fabric surface through its great specific surface area and abundant functional groups, thus improving the loading capacity and distribution uniformity of CuNPs. The co-action of GO and TA at the same time enabled the loading fastness of CuNPs to be greatly improved, resulting in an extremely stable surface structure of the fabric. The modified PET fabric exhibited superhydrophobic property with a static water contact angle greater than 150° and showed outstanding anti-fouling, self-cleaning and water-proofing performances, which might decrease bacterial adhesion to the fabric surface. Besides, the modified PET fabrics had excellent antibacterial activity with 99% antibacterial efficiency against both E. coli and S. aureus. More remarkably, the prepared fabrics still retained excellent superhydrophobic performances and antibacterial properties after multiple washing cycles and rubbing cycles. It as well as possessed striking antistatic capability and UV-blocking performance, with the volume resistivity as low as 108 Ω·cm and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) up to 202. This work provides an innovative and scalable method for the design and preparation of durable functional PET textiles.

Design and characterization of polyurethane based electrospun systems modified with transition metals oxides for protective clothing applications

This paper reports the design and the fabrication of novel fiber membranes based on electrospun polyurethane (PU) fibers modified with copper and zinc oxide as potential systems for protective clothing. A one-step in-situ methodology is proposed to modify the PU systems. The modified PU membranes are widely characterized in terms of spectroscopic, morphological, thermal and barrier properties. Evaluation of surface charge and analysis of retention degree, obtained by testing four model systems (H2O, H2O/NaOH, lemon juice and sweat simulant), are even carried out. Then, to evaluate the protection against UV rays, weathering tests are accomplished while the carbonyl index gives a proof of the improved UV stability. The estimation of ultraviolet protection factor allowed to prove the total resistance to UV-A and UV-B rays. Finally, cytostatic effect against Gram+ and Gram- bacteria is evaluated. The reported results allow for stating that the designed materials show great potential as high-performance systems for protective clothing applications.

Enhancement UV-resistance and hydrophobic of cotton fabrics through membrane formation by cationic colored nanospheres

In order to satisfy the demand for more textile taking properties, UV resistance and hydrophobic functionalization have become the focus of research in the field of textile modification. We herein report a simple method to prepare hydrophobic and UV-resistant multifunctional colored cotton fabrics by the self-curing technique of cationic polyethyleneimine dye polymer (CPNP(R218)) nanospheres. First, cationic CPNP(R218) nanospheres with homogeneous particle size and good dispersion stability were synthesized, which can be directly introduced to the eco-friendly cotton fiber dyeing. Polymer membranes on the surface of cotton were formulated through self-curing of the CPNP(R218) nanospheres during the dyeing process, and its surface morphology and elements were characterized. The cotton fabric dyed CPNP(R218) nanospheres have good color properties along with good hydrophobicity, showing a static water contact angle (WCA) of 138.4°. In addition, the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value of the dyed cotton was 3.5 times higher than the original cotton fabric, due to the polymer film blocking the penetration of UV radiation. Therefore, the method of self-curing film formation by dye polymer nanospheres has great significance for the construction of multifunctional colored cotton fabrics.

Bio-coloration and ultraviolet protection finishing of tussah silk using chestnut leaf extract and its thermodynamic study

This study investigates the dyeing effects of chestnut leaf extract on tussah silk and aspires to create bio-colored and ultraviolet-resistant textiles. The results proved that post-mordanting with aluminum potassium sulfate and ferrous sulfate yielded better results than direct dyeing, the color strength value with ferrous sulfate mordant reached 10.9, and the color fastness of tussah silk with post-mordanting was rated above 4. Furthermore, the ultraviolet protection factor values reached 17, 39, 45, and 53 with control, direct dyeing, and post-mordanting with aluminum potassium sulfate and ferrous sulfate, respectively, revealing that the chestnut leaf extract could be a potential ultraviolet protection agent to increase the ultraviolet protection performance on tussah silk. In addition, the adsorption process and thermodynamic characteristics of chestnut leaf extract on tussah silk were examined. The results suggested that the Langmuir isotherm model adequately described the thermodynamic behavior of chestnut leaf extract on tussah silk. The positive enthalpy change indicated that the adsorption process was an endothermic process.

Liquid crystalline polybenzoxazines for manufacturing of technical textiles: Water repellency and ultraviolet shielding

Herein, the presented approach was investigated a unique technique for manufacturing water repellent/UV-protective cotton fabrics through in-situ/thermal polymerization of benzoxazine (BZs) within cotton matrix. Two BZs abbreviated as Ph-p-BZ and Ph-o-BZ were initially synthesized, and their chemical formulas were verified with FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR spectral mapping data. For Ph-p-BZ, the endothermic peak was observed at 65 ᵒC, to indicate its highly/purified crystalline structure. DSC data for poly-(Ph-p-BZ) and poly-(Ph-o-BZ) showed that, their high Tg was estimated at 210 ᵒC and 195 ᵒC, respectively, due to their highly crystalline/cross-linked network structure. In-situ/thermal polymerization of Ph-p-BZ and Ph-o-BZ as within cotton matrix was subsequently proceeded. Contact angle was observably increased to 125.0° for the fabric coated with four layers of poly-(Ph-p-BZ) (cotton modified with four layers of poly-(Ph-o-BZ); 120.3°). Wetting of water droplets was not significantly observed even after 8 min. Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was significantly increased from 1.4 for untreated cotton to 37.9 and 48.2 after modification of cotton with 4-layers of poly-(Ph-o-BZ) and poly-(Ph-p-BZ) polymers, respectively. Eventually, poly-benzoxazines derivatives could be applicable for manufacturing of water repellent/UV-protective fabrics that might be beneficial for military clothes.

Enhancing Fastness and Ultraviolet Protection Factor of Pelthophorum pterocarpum Natural Dye by Titania Nanoparticles Modification

The harmful effects of synthetic dyes on the environment can be mitigated through the use of natural dyes in textiles. However, textile dyeing with natural dyes has low brightness and colour resistance. TiO2 nanoparticles modified copper pod (Pelthophorum pterocarpum) dye (TMCD) was studied to enhance the fastness and ultraviolet protection factor of fabrics dyeing. This study was conducted using a cotton fabrics which processed by some mordant agents. TiO2 in various amount were dispersed in aqueous copper pod bark solution and produced a modified copper pod natural dye. Investigation of the dyed fabrics was conducted in 3 parameters viz. the colour direction, fastness values toward sunlight and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The results showed that the mordant agents affect the final colour palette and brightness, suggesting that TiO2 improved the colour intensity and fastness value of copper pod dye. It also enhanced the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of dyed fabrics by 3-8 point higher than the control groups.

Fabrication of multifunctional cotton fabrics dyed with Coptis chinensis extract

Low dye exhaustion and poor colorfastness of cotton fabrics dyed with natural dyes were the inevitable issues, which may potentially limit their application in textile industries. Hence, there is great demand for improving dyeing performance of natural dyes to expand their application. This work presents a facile and efficient way to improve dye exhaustion and color fastness of cotton fabrics dyed with Coptis chinensis ( C. chinensis ) extract through fabric pretreatment and aftertreatment processes. The cotton fabrics were firstly treated with critic acid (CA) to increase their capacity of anionic sites. Enhanced effect of water repellent agent as the aftertreatment chemical, which was applied to improve washing fastness of dyed fabrics, was evaluated. The color characteristics, color fastness and functionalities of dyed fabrics were also assessed. The results indicated that pretreated cotton fabrics displayed higher color strength than the untreated fabrics. Additionally, the dyed fabrics treated with water repellent agents showed better washing fastness. The antibacterial activity of dyed fabric was increased up to 98% and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value reached 349.69. What’s more, the dyed fabrics also exhibited excellent wrinkle resistance and waterproof property. The integration of antibacterial, antiultraviolet, antiwrinkle and waterproof properties in the cotton fabrics dyed with C. chinensis extract was a meaningful achievement, which exhibited great potential application in medical textile and garment. • Simultaneous dyeing and functional finishing were achieved by using C. chinensis extract. • Pretreatment of cotton fabrics with CA was beneficial for enhancing color strength. • Aftertreatment of dyed cotton fabrics with water repellent agent improve washing colorfastness. • The dyed cotton fabrics exhibit excellent multifunctional properties.

Estimation of permeability properties of technologically developed jacquard fabrics

The study investigated how certain design parameters affect the permeability properties of jacquard fabrics. Six woven samples were made on the same cotton warp and with the same loom setting. The fabrics were made from two different types of weft yarns (cotton and Lyocell Clima), in two different pattern sizes (with larger and smaller monochrome areas), and two groups of double twill weaves (self-stitched double cloth, interchanging double cloth). We proved the importance of the size and distribution of the pattern/motif, the type of weave and the type of yarns used in the jacquard fabrics and the influence they have on the permeability properties in close relation to the aesthetic function. All patterns with interchanging double weave have significantly higher air permeability than patterns with self-stitched weave. For thermal conductivity, the influence of the raw material and the size of the pattern/motif is obvious. For fabrics with patterns with larger geometric areas, where the presence of weft threads on the surface is greater, the thermal conductivity is higher. The pattern size, on the other hand, does not affect the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), unlike the raw material from which it is made.

Development of Enhanced Ultraviolet Resistance Hybrid Cotton Fabric using Functionalized Biocarbon derived from Teff (Eragrostis tef) Hay

Due to the depletion of ozone atmosphere, there is a progressive increase in impact of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human skin. The continual exposure of UV radiation results in serious adverse effects, such as photodermatosis, abnormal skin aging, erythema and skin cancer. Present study aimed to develop an improved UV resisting cotton fabric using the biocarbon derived from the abundantly available biomass residue of teff (Eragrostis tef) hay. The biocarbon had its surface functionalized, and then it was deposited onto the cotton using polyaniline as a grafting medium. In situ polymerization method was adopted for preparing the enhanced UV shielding fabric. The required functionalized biocarbon and polyaniline were optimized for attaining the maximum possible UV protection factor of the cotton. From the results, the UV protecting ability of the developed cotton fabric was found to be improved by 21 times higher as compared to ultraviolet protection factor (UPF = 66.3) than the original cotton (UPF = 3.1). In addition, the developed cotton fabric was observed to be exhibited excellent tensile strength. The morphological and structural studies were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for pure cotton fabric and hybrid material coated by biocarbon. Experimentation results revealed that the biocarbon obtained from teff hay could be a used for developing the enhanced UV protecting textile material. Hence, the acquired material can perform for better ultraviolet protection.

Polyacrylonitrile/UV329/titanium oxide composite nanofibrous membranes with enhanced UV protection and filtration performance.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is extremely dangerous to humans and can contribute to immunosuppression, erythema, early ageing and skin cancer. UV protection finishing may greatly influence the handling and permeability of fabrics, while UV-proof fibres can guarantee close contact between UV-resistant agents and fabric without affecting the handling of the fabric. In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/UV absorber 329 (UV329)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite nanofibrous membranes with complex, highly efficient UV resistance were fabricated via electrospinning. UV329 was included in the composite to further strengthen the UV resistance properties via absorption function, while TiO2 inorganic nanoparticles were added to provide UV shielding function. The presence of UV329 and TiO2 in the membranes was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, which also showed the absence of chemical bonds between PAN and the anti-UV agents. The PAN/UV329/TiO2 membranes exhibited a UV protection factor of 1352 and a UVA transmittance of 0.6%, which indicate their extraordinary UV resistance properties. Additionally, filtration performance was investigated in order to expand the application field of the UV-resistant PAN/UV329/TiO2 membranes, and the composite nanofibrous membranes showed a UV filtration efficiency of 99.57% and a pressure drop of 145 Pa. The proposed multi-functional nanofibrous membranes have broad application prospects in outdoor protective clothing and window air filters.

Sun-protective Behaviours among patients with Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation in Saudi Arabia: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Hyperpigmentation is a dermatologic disorder, and because dermatologic diseases are visible, they have a profound psychological impact on persons who are affected. Aim: To assess the sun protection practices in Saudi Arabia among patients with cutaneous hyperpigmentation. Method: In October 2022, an online cross-sectional study of patients with cutaneous hyperpigmentation was conducted in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected by questionnaire-based survey, which was designed by the researcher after a thorough literature review. Using binary logistic regression analysis, the factors that influence sunscreen use were identified. Results: A total of 418 people took part in this study. More than half (63.6%) of them reported post-inflammation or acne pigmentation. Almost half (49.0%) reported having this health condition for less than a year. Only about half of the patients (45.0%) said they use sunscreen. Approximately 47.0% of sunscreen users reported using sunscreen with a UV protection factor of 21-50. Almost one-third (35.0%) of the patients reported not reapplying sunscreen during the day. Only 4.8% of patients said they frequently use a hat or sunshade while they are outside, and 40.4% said they frequently stay in the shade when they are outside. Male patients were less likely than female patients to apply sunscreen (Odds ratio: 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64-0.99), (p0.05), Conclusion: Saudi hyperpigmentation patients use sunscreen inadequately. Males used sunscreen less than females. Healthcare authorities should conduct an educational campaign to inform this group of patients about their condition and the necessity of sunscreen. Social media should be utilized to educate the public about different types of sunscreens and improve their use of sunscreens to prevent sun-related skin problems. Keywords: Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation; Saudi Arabia; Sunscreen; Sun-protective

Biogenic silver-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for multifunctional eco-designed textile printing

The current study concerns the valorization of waste rice hulls into value-added materials. To achieve this goal, first, the extraction route of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) from rice hulls using citric acid as a carbon template was compared with that prepared by conventional methods of incineration only. Both routes were performed at different temperatures of 600 and 700°C, and the fabricated SiO2NPs were studied by N2 physisorption isotherm, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. The results show the influence of both routes and temperature on the porous structure, surface area, and charge of as-fabricated SiO2NPs. Furthermore, the physico-chemical features of as-prepared mesoporous SiO2NPs were utilized, in a facile and green way, to prepare silver NPs with high anti-microbial activity. The results were validated by the tools of UV-visible, FTIR, XRD, and XPS spectroscopy. Finally, the fabricated silver-doped mesoporous SiO2NPs were used as auxiliary additives through one-pot printing of different types of fabric (i.e., polyester (synthetic fabric), cotton (natural fabric), and cotton/polyester (blended fabric)). The EDX mapping of the pigment-printed fabrics with Ag-doped SiO2NPs exhibited the homogeneous distribution of Ag and Si atoms together with C and O throughout the fabric matrix. Interestingly, the pigment-printed fabrics with Ag-doped SiO2NPs demonstrated superior antibacterial activity, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), and color characteristics in comparison to the conventional dyeing component.Graphical

Anthrone‐Benzothiazole Based Heterocyclic Disperse Azo Dyes: Synthesis, Dyeing, UV Protection Property, Anti‐Bacterial Activity, and Computational Study

AbstractAnthrone and benzothiazole based disperse azo dyes (5a–5e) are synthesized and well characterized. These dyes are further applied to nylon, polyester, and acrylic fabrics. Fastness properties, including light, wash, and rub for dyed fabrics, were studied and found to be better for polyester and nylon than the acrylic substrate. Better sublimation fastness was obtained on polyester than nylon at 210 °C. The “ultraviolet protection factor (UPF)” of all dyed fabrics was detected to block ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the range of 93 to 97 percent. Nylon and acrylic dyed fabric were excellent, while polyester showed good ultraviolet protection activity. All the dyes are effective towards “(S. aureus) gram +ve” and “(K. pneumoniae) gram −ve” bacteria. The textile dyed with the dye obtained from the diazotized 2‐amino‐6‐methyl‐benzothiazole and anthrone (5b) was found to have ≥99 % potent inhibition. The HOMO‐LUMO energy gap and other quantum chemical descriptors such as softness, hardness, and electrophilicity index are obtained from the “density functional theory (DFT)” computations.

Multifunctional nanocomposite based on polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose nanocrystals, titanium dioxide, and apple peel extract for food packaging

Although polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a potential biodegradable food packaging material, it has several critical limitations: low mechanical strength, poor ultraviolet (UV) and water vapor barrier properties, and lack of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Previous studies have used cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to improve the mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of the PVA matrix. In this study, a multifunctional nanocomposite for food packaging applications was developed by incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) and apple peel extract (APE) into a PVA/CNC matrix. The combination of TiO2 and APE in the nanocomposites not only enhanced multifunctionality but also improved mechanical and barrier properties. The mechanical strength and water vapor barrier properties of PVA/CNC/TiO2/APE (5 wt% TiO2 and 20 wt% APE in the PVA/CNC matrix containing 5 wt% of CNCs) increased by 49.9 % and 36.6 % compared to PVA. Furthermore, PVA/CNC/TiO2/APE exhibited an excellent UV barrier (UV-protection factor of 1012.73) and high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In food packaging tests with fresh cherry tomatoes and potatoes, PVA/CNC/TiO2/APE effectively protected samples from external influences and prolonged their self-life, demonstrating the potential use of this nanocomposite as a biodegradable and multifunctional food packaging material.

Valorization of flavonoid-rich invasive weed-Eupatorium adenophorum in the cleaner production of coloristic and functional wool fabric with a research focus on photofading mechanism

The ecological destructions and economic losses caused by the invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum have been perplexing researchers and governments. The resource utilization of invasive weeds provides an emerging direction for the control and management of Eupatorium adenophorum. The objective of this study is to utilize Eupatorium adenophorum as a cost-effective source of flavonoid compounds for the cleaner production of coloristic and functional wool. First, the extraction, purification, and identification of Eupatorium adenophorum flavonoids (EAFs) were investigated. The crude extraction of EAFs was implemented by using ethanol/water and the highest total flavonoid content of 37.8 mg rutin equivalent/g was obtained. The crude EAFs extract was further purified by using macroporous adsorption resin. The main components of purified EAFs were patuletin and myricetin, identified by FT-IR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Afterward, the adsorption mechanism and dyeing performance of EAFs on the pre-mordanted wool were studied. Results stated that the adsorption between them belonged to mono-layer adsorption driven by coordination bond, electrovalent bond, and hydrogen bond, which endowed the dyed wool with a good color fastness of rubbing and washing. The building-up property of EAFs on wool fabric was quite acceptable, implying the feasibility of large-scale production. In addition, the dyed wool showed a ultraviolet protection factor value of 345 and a half-life period of 0.89 s (at 65% relative humidity), demonstrating excellent UV-shielding and antistatic properties, respectively. The improved functionalities of dyed wool were owing to the good UV absorption capacity and hygroscopicity of flavonoids. However, such dyed wool suffered from photofading due to the inferior photostability of EAFs. For exploring the photofading mechanism of dyed wool, the photo-degradation pathway of EAFs on the fabric was speculated based on the detection of the photo-degradation products of EAFs by LC-MS. The founding of some colorless hydroxybenzoic acids in the photo-degradation products suggested the occurrence of oxidation and ring-opening of pyranone structure in flavonoids. In general, our work made an attempt to valorize invasive weed in the green dyeing and finishing of wool and provided theoretical support for the development of the light resistance of flavonoid-treated wool.

PDMS/PVDF Electrospinning Membranes for Water-in-Oil Emulsion Separation and UV Protection.

With industry development, the separation of oily wastewater is becoming more critical. Inspired by organisms such as lotus leaves, biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces with micro-nano structures have shown great potential in this regard. In this work, PDMS/PVDF oil-water separation membranes with designed microstructures were prepared by electrospinning technology. The membrane-forming effect of electrospinning with different ratios of PDMS and PVDF was studied. The study found that membranes with high PDMS content were more likely to form microspheres, and PDMS tended to concentrate on the microspheres. The results also showed that the microspheres would bring better hydrophobicity to the membrane. When the ratio of PDMS to PVDF is 1:2, the membrane has a water contact angle of up to 150° and an oil contact angle of 0°. At this ratio, the separation efficiency of the membrane for the water-in-oil emulsion is 98.7%, and it can still maintain more than 98% after ten separation cycles, which is a good candidate for oil-water separation. Furthermore, microspheres enable the membrane to achieve macroscopic uniformity and microscopic phase separation so that the membranes have both good elongation and fracture strength. In addition, the PDMS/PVDF membranes also exhibit excellent UV resistance, and their UV protection factor is greater than 185, making them a potential UV protective material.

Musa Acuminata Leaves Extract Impedes Bacterial Growth and Ultraviolet Protection in Cotton Fabric

ABSTRACT In this study, the methanol extract of Musa acuminate leaves has a significant development on the quality of the protection features such as, antibacterial and ultraviolet protection, was observed. The fabric finished with a higher concentration of M. acuminata sap (7%) at the temperature rate of 40–50°C has higher zone of inhibition against gram-positive bacteria and improved ultraviolet protection factor than the controlled sample. The fabric finished with the lower concentration of M. acuminata sap (3% & 5%) has lesser zone of inhibition against gram-positive bacteria. The fabric finished with a 7% concentration of M. acuminata leaves methanol extract at 40–50°C shows high protection factor against antibacterial and ultraviolet protection. Hence, it is observed that the fabric finished with a higher concentration of M. acuminata sap exhibits a higher zone of inhibition against bacteria’s and ultraviolet protection factors when compared to the lower concentration of methanol extraction of M. acuminata leaves.

Improvement of the Dyeability and Salt-Free Dyeing for Wool Fabrics with Anionic Dyes by Pretreatment with Whey and Soybean Proteins

ABSTRACT Wool fabrics were pretreated with whey protein concentrate (WPC) and soybean flour (SPF) proteins individually to improve their dyeability toward anionic dyes as acid orange 10 (AO10) and reactive black 5(RB5). Comprehensive study was undergone on these fabrics evaluating their dyeability, functional properties and the possibility to reduce the need for electrolyte in the dyebath. Furthermore, coating with protein as a biopolymer is more environmentally friendly. The structure and properties of the pretreated wool fabric were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV) and antimicrobial activity. Nitrogen content was used to confirm the existence of amino groups on treated protein fabrics compared to the untreated one. All the pretreated dyed samples were enhanced in color strength (K/S). The color strength of wool treated fabrics without salt was the highest. Treating fabrics indicated better protection against ultraviolet radiation and the highest UV protection factor (UPF) was of white and dyed wool fabrics treated with SPF. The highest antimicrobial activity reduction percent against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus) was in the sample treated with WPC as well as the sample treated with SPF has the greatest antimicrobial activity effect against fungal yeast (Candida albicans).